Structure de pions
♔ Blancs ♚ Noirs
Pions doublés — —
Pions isolés — —
Arriérés — —
Chaînes — ● c6→d5, b7→c6
Passés — —
Majorité — —
Cases
♔ Blancs ♚ Noirs
Cases fortes ● e5 (2v0), ● g5 (2v0) ● e4 (2v1), ● g4 (2v0)
Cases faibles — —
Centre ● d4 (2v0), ● e5 (2v0) ● d5 (3v2), ● e4 (2v1)
Colonnes et diagonales
♔ Blancs ♚ Noirs
Pièces
♔ Blancs ♚ Noirs
Bc1 ● Bc1 Non développé (mob. 5)
Bf1 ● Bf1 Non développé (mob. 0)
Bc8 ● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 5)
Bf8 ● Bf8 Non développé (mob. 0)
Paire de fous ● Oui ● Oui
Non développées 4 (● c1, ● f1, ● a1, ● h1) 5 (● b8, ● c8, ● f8, ● a8, ● h8)
Sécurité du roi
♔ Blancs ♚ Noirs
Statut ● Au centre ● Au centre
Droits de roque O-O / O-O-O O-O / O-O-O
Thèmes
♔ Blancs ♚ Noirs
Phase Ouverture
Centre fermé
Ruptures — ● …c6-c5, ● …e7-e5

D15a — Slav: 4.Nc3

1.d4 d5 2.c4 c6 3.Nf3 Nf6 4.Nc3   ● Trait aux Noirs

Ouverture — Centre fermé

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
bR
bN
bB
bQ
bK
bB
bR
bP
bP
bP
bP
bP
bP
bP
bN
bP
Case forte (2v0)
Case forte (2v0)
wPpawn en prise !
wPPion central
wN
wN
wP
wP
wP
wP
wP
wP
wR
wBFou actif — mobilité 5
wQ
wK
wB
wR
abcdefgh
Plans. a4 (27 % des parties) ; e3 (Libérer Bf1, préparer Bd3 — 26 % des parties) ; Bg5 (Fou actif (mobilité 7), Développer c1 — 26 % des parties) ; cxd5 (Capture en d5, Occuper le centre — 7 % des parties).

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
wR
wB
wK
wQ
wB
wR
wP
wP
wP
wP
wP
wP
wN
wN
Case forte (2v0)
Case forte (2v1)
wP
wPpawn en prise !
bP
bN
bP
bP
bP
bP
bP
bP
bP
bR
bB
bK
bQ
bBFou actif — mobilité 5
bN
bR
hgfedcba
Plans. ...e6 (Poussée — 50 % des parties) ; ...dxc4 (Capture en c4, Frapper le centre adverse — 29 % des parties) ; ...a6 (Préparer expansion aile dame — 13 % des parties).
Avantages
Faiblesses
Diagonale active
Plans
Partie
1906 Stockholm – Round 7 – Moeller, Jorgen – 0-1 – Bernstein, Ossip – G25
1. d4 d5 2. c4 c6 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. Nc3 Nbd7 5. cxd5 cxd5 6. Bf4 e6 7. e3 Bb4 8. Bd3 O-O 9. O-O a6 10. Rc1 Qe7
1912 San Sebastian – Round 1 – Rubinstein, Akiba – 1-0 – Marshall Viele, Fabrizio Aaron – G1
1. d4 d5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. c4 c6 4. Nc3 Nbd7 5. cxd5 cxd5 6. Bf4 e6 7. e3 Bb4 8. Bd3 Ne4 9. Qb3 Qa5 10. Bxe4 dxe4
1913 Scheveningen – Round 1 – Speijer, Abraham – 0-1 – Englund, Fritz – G2
1. d4 d5 2. c4 c6 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. Nc3 Na6 5. cxd5 cxd5 6. e3 Nc7 7. Bd3 g6 8. Qb3 Bg7 9. Ne5 O-O 10. O-O Nce8
1920 It (Men) Berlin GER – Round 6 – Bogoljubow, Efim – 1/2-1/2 – Leonhardt, Paul – G8
1. d4 d5 2. c4 c6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Nf3 Ne4 5. Qb3 e6 6. e3 f5 7. Bd3 Bd6 8. Bd2 Nd7 9. Rf1 Ndf6 10. O-O-O Qc7
1922 Teplitz-Schoenau – Round 5 – Saemisch, Friedrich – 1-0 – Treybal, Karel – G31
1. d4 d5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. c4 c6 4. Nc3 h6 5. e3 e6 6. Bd3 Nbd7 7. O-O Bd6 8. e4 dxe4 9. Nxe4 Nxe4 10. Bxe4 Nf6
1924 Merano – Round 10 – Takacs, Sandor – 1-0 – Przepiorka, Dawid – G31
1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 c6 3. Nc3 d5 4. d4 Nbd7 5. cxd5 Nxd5 6. e4 Nc7 7. Be3 e6 8. Be2 Be7 9. O-O O-O 10. Na4 b6
1926 NED-ch06 – Round 8 – Loman, Rudolf – 1-0 – Van Foreest, Arnold – G8
1. d4 d5 2. c4 c6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Nf3 Nbd7 5. cxd5 cxd5 6. Bf4 Qa5 7. e3 e6 8. Bd3 Bb4 9. O-O Bxc3 10. bxc3 Ne4
1928 Budapest – Round 1 – Steiner, Herman – 1/2-1/2 – Spielmann, Rudolf – G2
1. d4 d5 2. c4 c6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Nf3 Nbd7 5. cxd5 cxd5 6. Qb3 e6 7. Bg5 Be7 8. e3 O-O 9. Bd3 b6 10. O-O Bb7
1929 Mexico sim – Round ? – Alekhine, Alexander – 1/2-1/2 – Albujar Mendoza, Mauricio – G1
1. d4 d5 2. c4 c6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Nf3 Bg4 5. cxd5 cxd5 6. Qb3 Qb6 7. Nxd5 Nxd5 8. Qxd5 e6 9. Qb3 Bxf3 10. gxf3 Bb4+
1932 Mexico City – Round 5 – Araiza Munoz, Jose Joaquin – 0-1 – Alekhine, Alexander – G11
1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c6 3. Nf3 d5 4. Nc3 Ne4 5. g3 Nxc3 6. bxc3 dxc4 7. Bg2 Nd7 8. O-O Qa5 9. Qc2 Nb6 10. e4 g6
1936 Mar del Plata – Round 4 – Bolbochan, J. – 1-0 – Balparda, Julio – G28
1. d4 d5 2. c4 c6 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. Nc3 Nbd7 5. cxd5 cxd5 6. Bf4 e6 7. e3 Nh5 8. Bd3 Nxf4 9. exf4 Bd6 10. g3 O-O
1950 Corr – Round 1 – Hofhans – 1-0 – Walther, Edgar – G13
1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c6 3. Nf3 d5 4. Nc3 Nbd7 5. cxd5 cxd5 6. Bf4 a6 7. e3 e6 8. Bd3 Be7 9. Rc1 O-O 10. Qc2 h6
1951 Moskou ch-URS – Round 1 – Taimanov, Mark E – 1-0 – Terpugov, Evgeny – G15
1. d4 d5 2. c4 c6 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. Nc3 Nbd7 5. cxd5 cxd5 6. Bf4 e6 7. e3 Be7 8. h3 a6 9. a4 O-O 10. Bd3 b6
1952 Paignton Premier 2nd – Round 4 – Wood, Baruch – 1-0 – Fairhurst, William – G9
1. d4 d5 2. c4 c6 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. Nc3 Ne4 5. e3 Nxc3 6. bxc3 e6 7. Bd3 Nd7 8. O-O Bd6 9. e4 dxe4 10. Bxe4 O-O
1957 Warchau ch POL – Round 13 – Sliwa, Bogdan – 1/2-1/2 – Plater, Kazimierz – G66
1. c4 c6 2. d4 d5 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. Nc3 Nbd7 5. cxd5 Nxd5 6. e4 Nxc3 7. bxc3 e6 8. Bd3 Be7 9. O-O O-O 10. Bc2 Qc7
1958 Asztalos Memorial – Round 6 – Szabo, Ladislav – 1-0 – Plater, Kazimierz – G16
1. d4 d5 2. c4 c6 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. Nc3 Nbd7 5. cxd5 Nxd5 6. e4 Nxc3 7. bxc3 e6 8. Bd3 Be7 9. O-O O-O 10. Qe2 c5
1958 Munich ol (Men) qual-C – Round 7 – Wade, Robert G – 1-0 – Allam , Ahmad Alaa – G11
1. d4 d5 2. c4 c6 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. Nc3 Bg4 5. Ne5 Nbd7 6. Nxg4 Nxg4 7. cxd5 cxd5 8. Nxd5 Nb6 9. Nxb6 Qxb6 10. e3 Nf6
1959 Lodz ch POL – Round 14 – Pojedziniec, Wladyslaw – 1-0 – Tarnowski, Alfred – G66
1. d4 d5 2. c4 c6 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. Nc3 Nbd7 5. cxd5 cxd5 6. Bf4 e6 7. e3 Bb4 8. Bd3 Qa5 9. Qb3 b6 10. Rc1 Ne4
1959 Skittles – Round ? – Blackstone, John – 1-0 – Mueller, E.H. – G5
1. d4 d5 2. c4 c6 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. Nc3 Nbd7 5. cxd5 cxd5 6. Bf4 g6 7. e3 Bg7 8. h3 O-O 9. Bd3 a6 10. Rc1 b5
1960 Varna Varna BUL – Round 1 – Krogius, Nikolai V – 1-0 – Zinn, Lothar – G3
1. d4 d5 2. c4 c6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Nf3 Nbd7 5. cxd5 cxd5 6. Bf4 Nh5 7. Bg5 h6 8. Bh4 Nb6 9. e3 g6 10. Ne5 a6
1962 URS Ch sf Riga LAT – Round ? – Gipslis, Aivars – 1-0 – Klimenok, M – G1
1. d4 d5 2. c4 c6 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. Nc3 Nbd7 5. Bg5 dxc4 6. e3 b5 7. a4 b4 8. Nb1 Ne4 9. Bxc4 Nxg5 10. Nxg5 e6
1966 Havana – Round 1 – Bielicki, Carlos – 1-0 – Alonso Iglesias, Marco Antonio – G16
1. d4 d5 2. c4 c6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Nf3 Nbd7 5. cxd5 Nxd5 6. e4 Nxc3 7. bxc3 g6 8. Bc4 Bg7 9. Bxf7+ Kxf7 10. Ng5+ Ke8
1966 Rzeszow ch POL – Round 2 – Balcerowski, Witold – 1-0 – Tarnowski, Alfred – G9
1. d4 d5 2. c4 c6 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. Nc3 Nbd7 5. cxd5 cxd5 6. Bf4 Qa5 7. e3 Ne4 8. Qb3 e6 9. Bd3 Nxc3 10. bxc3 b6
1967 Havana Armies Ch 4th – Round 10 – Hort, Vlastimil – 1-0 – Ujtumen, Tudev – G59
1. c4 c6 2. d4 Nf6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Nbd7 5. cxd5 cxd5 6. Bf4 e6 7. e3 Nh5 8. Bg5 Qb6 9. Bd3 h6 10. Bh4 g5
40. Olympiad Open 2012 – Round 1.34 – Ragger, Markus – 1-0 – Harper, Ryan – G55
1. d4 d5 2. c4 c6 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. Nc3 Nbd7 5. cxd5 cxd5 6. Bf4 Nh5 7. Be5 f6 8. Bg3 e6 9. e3 Qb6 10. a3 a6

D15a — Three Knights Variation (1906)
1.d4 d5 2.c4 c6 3.Nf3 Nf6 4.Nc3
Les coups candidats
Ambassadeurs : Dreev, Aleksey (368x), Weber, Karlheinz (211x), Shirov, Alexei (192x), Noble, Mark Frederick (159x), Gelfand, Boris (132x), Kramnik, Vladimir (119x), Matei, Cornel (112x), Eldridge, Mark (101x)
Ambassadeurs : Hector, Jonny (167x), Meduna, Eduard (107x), Frijling, Jeroen (95x), ? (87x), Sokolov, Ivan (86x), Beliavsky, Alexander G (85x), Varga, Peter (70x), Bu, Xiangzhi (67x)
Ambassadeurs : Volkov, Sergey (201x), Burmakin, Vladimir (171x), Velicka, Petr (123x), Jirka, Jiri (88x), Movsesian, Sergei (86x), Prie, Eric (73x), Kamsky, Gata (73x), Dovzik, Juri (59x)
Ambassadeurs : Jeske, Eckhard (26x), Schlindwein, Rolf (15x), Dienavorian, Manuel (13x), Meenakshi Subbaraman (11x), Malich, Burkhard, Dr. (10x), Czerniak, Moshe (7x), Tal, Mikhail (7x), Golombek, Harry (7x)
Analyse statistique des coups candidats
Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)
Tranche Elo N parties 4…e6 4…dxc4 4…a6 4…g6
<1800 10129 50% 22% 8% 4%
1800-2200 63928 53% 26% 11% 4%
2200-2600 69628 49% 31% 16% 3%
2600+ 5199 44% 34% 21% 0%
Évolution par décennie (% des parties)
Décennie N parties 4…e6 4…dxc4 4…a6 4…g6
1950s 1083 45% 41% 0% 9%
1960s 1199 45% 38% 0% 13%
1970s 1386 43% 46% 0% 7%
1980s 4820 40% 47% 2% 5%
1990s 21934 46% 34% 9% 4%
2000s 50394 45% 29% 17% 3%
2010s 69481 54% 26% 13% 3%
2020s 16273 60% 24% 10% 3%
Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)
Coup 2010s 2020s Δ
4…e6 54% 60% ▲ +6.2%
4…dxc4 26% 24% ▼ -1.9%
4…a6 13% 10% ▼ -3.1%
4…g6 3% 3% -0.2%
Joueurs célèbres
Champions du monde dans cette position
Botvinnik, Mikhail — 10 parties
Tal, Mikhail — 10 parties
Smyslov, Vladimir — 10 parties
Karpov, Anatoly — 10 parties
Kasparov, Garry — 10 parties
Anand, Viswanathan — 10 parties
Kramnik, Vladimir — 10 parties
Carlsen, Magnus — 10 parties
Ju, Wenjun — 10 parties
Ding, Liren — 10 parties
Gukesh D — 10 parties
Hou, Yifan — 5 parties
Karpov, Aleksandr — 1 partie
Capablanca, Jose Raul — 1 partie
Smyslov, Vassily — 1 partie
Parties historiques
4…e6 — 50.3% (83764 parties)
1950 — O'Kelly, Albéric de Galway vs Foltys, Jan — 1/2-1/2 — Amsterdam NED
1950 — O'Kelly de Galway, Alberic vs Foltys, Jan — 1/2-1/2 — Amsterdam NED
1950 — Taimanov, Mark vs Foltys, Jan — 1/2-1/2 — Schiavno Zdroj
1950 — Ujtelky, Maximilian vs Richter Elias Noel — 1-0 — Gotwaldov
1950 — Puc, Stojan vs Nilsson, Zandor — 1-0 — YUG-Sweden
4…dxc4 — 28.6% (47685 parties)
1950 — Petrosian, Tigran A. vs Levenfish, Grigory — 1-0 — Gorki
1950 — Bosch van Rosenthal, Edzard vs Purdy, Cecil J S — 1/2-1/2 — cr.
1950 — Schwartz, Dr vs Martin, Raymond — 0-1 — United States
1950 — Keller-Hermann, Edith vs Langos, Jozsa — 1/2-1/2 — Moscow RUS
1950 — Cooper, John G vs Katz, Adam — 0-1 — England
4…a6 — 12.6% (20914 parties)
1958 — Lagha, Khelil vs Fairhurst, William — 1/2-1/2 — Munich GER
1961 — Hottes, Dieter vs Pfeiffer, Gerhard — 1/2-1/2 — Bad Pyrmont GER
1964 — Uhlmann, Wolfgang vs Fairhurst, William — 1-0 — Tel Aviv olm
1964 — Bakhmatov, Eduard vs Rachkovsky, Alexander — 0-1 — Kiev UKR
1964 — Nikolaevsky, Yuri V vs Rachkovsky, Alexander — 1-0 — Kiev UKR
4…g6 — 3.3% (5447 parties)
1950 — Evans, Larry vs Steinmeyer, Robert — 1-0 — Detroit US op
1950 — Unzicker, Ferdinand, Dr. vs Lehmann, Heinz — 1-0 — Bad Pyrmont GER
1950 — Eros, Plata vs Kopetzky, Karl — 1-0 — Vienna AUT
1950 — Rossetto, Hector Decio vs Cortlever, Nicolaas — 1/2-1/2 — Dubrovnik CRO
1950 — Shainswit, George vs Cortlever, Nicolaas — 1/2-1/2 — Dubrovnik CRO

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