Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	—
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	—	● f7→g6, h7→g6
Passés	—	—
Majorité	—	—

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	● b5 (2v0), ● e5 (3v0), ● g5 (2v0)	● e4 (2v1), ● g4 (2v0), ● f5 (2v0)
Cases faibles	—	● d5
Centre	● d4 (2v0), ● e5 (3v0)	● e4 (2v1)

Colonnes et diagonales

♔ Blancs

♚ Noirs

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bf1	● Bf1 Non développé (mob. 0)
Bf4	● Bf4 Actif (mob. 9)
Bg7		● Bg7 Ok (mob. 2)
Bc8		● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 5)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Non développées	3 (● f1, ● a1, ● h1)	4 (● b8, ● c8, ● a8, ● h8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Au centre	● Au centre
Droits de roque	O-O / O-O-O	O-O / O-O-O

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	fermé
Ruptures	—	● …e7-e5

D92a — Gruenfeld: 5.Bf4

1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 d5 4.Nf3 Bg7 5.Bf4 * ● Trait aux Noirs

Ouverture — Centre fermé

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

abcdefgh

Plans. e3 (Libérer Bf1, préparer Bd3 — 59 % des parties) ; Rc1 (27 % des parties).

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

hgfedcba

Plans. ...O-O (Mettre le roi en sécurité, connecter les tours — 74 % des parties) ; ...c6 (Renforcer le centre — 13 % des parties) ; ...c5 (Frapper le centre adverse — 9 % des parties).

Avantages

Faiblesses

Diagonale active

Plans

Partie
1939 Buenos Aires ol f-A – Round 6 – Bergqvist, Nils – 1-0 – Salas Romo, Julio – G112 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. Bf4 c5 6. dxc5 Qa5 7. Qa4+ Qxa4 8. Nxa4 Ne4 9. Be5 f6 10. Bxb8 Rxb8
1950 DDR Ch – Round 3 – Elstner, Rudolf – 1/2-1/2 – Schlieder, Rolf – G6 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. Bf4 dxc4 6. e4 c5 7. dxc5 Qa5 8. Nd2 Qxc5 9. Bxc4 O-O 10. O-O Nc6
1955 URS Team Ch sf – Round ? – Chukaev, Egor – 0-1 – Byvshev, Vasily – G11 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. Bf4 dxc4 6. e4 c5 7. Bxc4 cxd4 8. Bb5+ Nbd7 9. Qxd4 O-O 10. Qb4 a6
1957 URS Ch, semi final – Round 1 – Taimanov, Mark E – 1-0 – Blagidze, Alexander – G38 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. Bf4 dxc4 6. e3 O-O 7. Bxc4 Nbd7 8. O-O Nh5 9. Bg5 h6 10. Bh4 g5
1958 GDR Ch Schkopau GER – Round 3 – Keller-Hermann, Edith – 1/2-1/2 – Breustedt, Werner – G16 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Bf4 Bg7 5. Nf3 Be6 6. e3 Nh5 7. cxd5 Bxd5 8. Nxd5 Qxd5 9. Bxc7 Nc6 10. Qa4 Rc8
1966 Moscow Training – Round 3 – Petrosian, Tigran A. – 1-0 – Shamkovich, Leonid – G6 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. Bf4 c5 6. dxc5 Qa5 7. cxd5 Nxd5 8. Qxd5 Bxc3+ 9. Bd2 Bxd2+ 10. Qxd2 Qxc5
Vugar Gashimov Mem 2015 – Round 1.4 – Mamedyarov, Shakhriyar – 1/2-1/2 – Caruana, Fabiano – G4 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. Bf4 c5 6. dxc5 Ne4 7. Nxe4 dxe4 8. Qxd8+ Kxd8 9. O-O-O+ Ke8 10. Bxb8 Rxb8

D92a — Three Knights Variation, Hungarian Attack (1939)

1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 d5 4.Nf3 Bg7 5.Bf4

Les coups candidats

5…O-O — 74.2% (5829 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Bakheet Farag (40x), Ftacnik, Lubomir (33x), Kovacs, Arthur Dr. (32x), Dreev, Aleksey (30x), Szeberenyi, Adam (29x), Lukacs, Peter (27x), Sinkovics, Peter (25x), Van Wely, Loek (24x)

5…c6 — 12.7% (999 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Torres, Juan Camilo (6x), Kovacs, Arthur Dr. (6x), Meul, Willi (5x), Neverov, Valeriy (5x), Sinkovics, Peter (4x), Portisch, Ferenc (3x), Yandemirov, Valeri (3x), Uhlmann, Wolfgang (2x)

5…c5 — 9.1% (719 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Kraidman, Yair (5x), Van Wely, Loek (5x), Epishin, Vladimir (4x), Hlavac, Rudolf (4x), Klee, Mario (3x), Timar, Zsolt (3x), Avshalumov, Alex (3x), Berebora, Ferenc (3x)

5…dxc4 — 1.7% (135 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Wittmann, Walter (3x), Odeev, Handszar (3x), Taimanov, Mark (2x), Kouatly, Bachar (2x), Blagidze, Alexander (1x), Witt, Laszlo (1x), Kupreianov, George (1x), Chukaev, Egor (1x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	5…O-O	5…c6	5…c5	5…dxc4
<1800	595	67%	19%	6%	1%
1800-2200	3217	70%	16%	10%	2%
2200-2600	2643	82%	6%	10%	2%
2600+	146	92%	1%	5%	2%

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	5…O-O	5…c6	5…c5	5…dxc4
1950s	55	76%	16%	—	5%
1960s	238	86%	11%	2%	0%
1970s	332	87%	7%	5%	1%
1980s	454	73%	7%	17%	2%
1990s	1233	65%	14%	17%	2%
2000s	2183	69%	16%	10%	2%
2010s	2845	79%	12%	6%	2%
2020s	518	80%	11%	6%	1%

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
5…O-O	79%	80%	▲ +1.1%
5…c6	12%	11%	▼ -0.8%
5…c5	6%	6%	-0.4%
5…dxc4	2%	1%	▼ -0.6%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Kasparov, Garry — 6 parties
Karpov, Anatoly — 4 parties
Kramnik, Vladimir — 4 parties
Anand, Viswanathan — 2 parties
Ding, Liren — 2 parties
Tal, Mikhail — 1 partie
Carlsen, Magnus — 1 partie

Parties historiques

5…O-O — 74.2% (5829 parties)

1950 — Rossetto, Hector vs Gligoric, Sofija — 0-1 — Mar del Plata ARG
1950 — Martin M Pereira vs Rossetto, Hector — 1/2-1/2 — Mar del Plata ARG
1952 — Cordioli, Lourenco Joao vs Tavares da Silva, Luiz — 1-0 — Sao Paulo BRA
1952 — Szukszta, Janus vs Witkowski, Stefan — 1-0 — Katowice POL
1952 — Balcarek, Wiktor vs Partyka, Kazimierz — 1-0 — Zakopane POL

5…c6 — 12.7% (999 parties)

1951 — Tanguay, Alexandre vs Zalys, Ignas — 1/2-1/2 — Montreal CAN
1951 — Hendricks, Wilton vs Traum, Paul — 1-0 — San Francisco, CA USA
1956 — Germann, Leo vs Campomanes, Florencio — 1-0 — Moskou olm
1956 — Auer, Alexander vs Poller, Amadeo — 0-1 — corr Dyckhoff mem
1956 — Aloni, Itzchak vs Zhamsaran — 1-0 — Moscow RUS

5…c5 — 9.1% (719 parties)

1962 — Cruz, Raul C. vs Faleg, Alberto — 0-1 — Buenos Aires ARG
1966 — Petrosian, Tigran V. vs Shamkovich, Leonid — 1-0 — Moscow RUS
1966 — Kestenboim vs Gik, Evgeny — 0-1 — Moscow RUS
1969 — Timman, Jan H vs Littlewood, John E — 1-0 — London ENG-NLD
1970 — Zaitsev, Alexander vs Szilagyi, Gyorgy Laszlo — 1-0 — Albena BUL

5…dxc4 — 1.7% (135 parties)

1950 — Elstner, Rudolf vs Schlieder, Rolf — 1/2-1/2 — Soemmerda GER
1955 — Chukaev, Egor vs Byvshev, Vasily — 0-1 — Voroshilovgrad
1957 — Taimanov, Mark vs Blagidze, Alexander — 1-0 — Tbilisi GEO
1969 — Witt, Laszlo vs Kupreianov, George — 0-1 — Pointe Claire
1971 — Doroshkievich, Vladimir K vs Taimanov, Mark — 0-1 — Rostov on Don