Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	—
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	● f2→g3, h2→g3	● f7→g6, h7→g6
Passés	—	—
Majorité	—	—

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	● f4 (2v0), ● b5 (2v0), ● e5 (2v0), ● g5 (2v0)	● e4 (2v1), ● g4 (2v0), ● f5 (2v0)
Cases faibles	—	● d5
Centre	● d4 (2v0), ● e5 (2v0)	● e4 (2v1)

Colonnes et diagonales

♔ Blancs

♚ Noirs

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bc1	● Bc1 Non développé (mob. 5)
Bf1	● Bf1 Non développé (mob. 2)
Bg7		● Bg7 Ok (mob. 2)
Bc8		● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 5)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Non développées	4 (● c1, ● f1, ● a1, ● h1)	4 (● b8, ● c8, ● a8, ● h8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Au centre	● Au centre
Droits de roque	O-O / O-O-O	O-O / O-O-O

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	fermé
Ruptures	—	● …e7-e5

D90e — Gruenfeld: Three Knights, 5.g3

1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 d5 4.Nf3 Bg7 5.g3 * ● Trait aux Noirs

Ouverture — Centre fermé

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

abcdefgh

Plans. Bg2 (Fianchetto, fou sur la grande diagonale — 64 % des parties) ; cxd5 (Capture en d5, Occuper le centre — 25 % des parties) ; Qa4+ (Contrôle diagonale a4-e8, Prépare O-O-O — 8 % des parties).

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

hgfedcba

Plans. ...O-O (Mettre le roi en sécurité, connecter les tours — 84 % des parties) ; ...dxc4 (Capture en c4, Frapper le centre adverse — 12 % des parties).

Avantages

Faiblesses

Diagonale active

Plans

Partie
1939 Birmingham International 2nd – Round 6 – Reynolds, Arthur – 0-1 – List, Paul – G8 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. g3 O-O 6. Qb3 dxc4 7. Qxc4 Be6 8. Qb5 Nc6 9. Qxb7 Qd7 10. e3 a6
1940 New York ch-USA – Round 14 – Denker, Arnold S – 1-0 – Woliston, Philip – G81 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. g3 O-O 6. Qb3 c6 7. Bg2 dxc4 8. Qxc4 Be6 9. Qd3 Nbd7 10. O-O Nb6
1940 URS-sf – Round 1 – Fridman, Daniel – 0-1 – Zhukhovitsky, Samuel – G33 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. g3 O-O 6. cxd5 Nxd5 7. Bg2 Nxc3 8. bxc3 c5 9. O-O Nc6 10. e3 Qa5
1946 Pittsburgh Open – Round 1 – Ulvestad, Olaf – 1-0 – Kupchik, Abraham – G37 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. g3 c6 6. Bg2 O-O 7. Qb3 dxc4 8. Qxc4 Nbd7 9. O-O Nb6 10. Qd3 Nfd5
1949 Stevenson Mem SCCU Ch – Round 3 – Heaton, H. – 0-1 – Pachman, Ludek – G6 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. g3 Bg7 5. Nf3 dxc4 6. Qa4+ Nfd7 7. Qxc4 Nb6 8. Qd3 O-O 9. Bg2 Nc6 10. e3 e5
1952 Havana – Round 17 – Ortega, Rogelio – 0-1 – Gligorić, Svetozar – G132 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. g3 O-O 6. cxd5 Nxd5 7. Bg2 c5 8. Nxd5 Qxd5 9. O-O cxd4 10. Be3 d3
1956 Moscow olm fin-B – Round 7 – Morcken, Otto B – 0-1 – Letelier Martner, Rene – G72 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 d5 3. Nc3 g6 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. g3 c5 6. dxc5 Qa5 7. Qb3 Na6 8. Bg2 O-O 9. Nd2 d4 10. Qb5 Qb4
1957 CSR Ch – Round 18 – Zita, Frantisek – 1/2-1/2 – Dolezal, Jiri – G76 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. g3 dxc4 6. Qa4+ Nfd7 7. Qxc4 O-O 8. Bg2 Nb6 9. Qc5 Na6 10. Qa3 Qd6
1964 WchT U26 11. fin-B – Round 9.3 – Celis Stephane – 0-1 – Garcia Martinez, Silvino – G44 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. g3 O-O 6. cxd5 Nxd5 7. Bg2 Nxc3 8. bxc3 c5 9. O-O Nc6 10. e3 Be6
1968 Solingen – Round 14 – Nowak, Jan – 0-1 – Lehmann, Heinz – G62 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. g3 dxc4 6. Qa4+ Nfd7 7. Qxc4 Nc6 8. e3 O-O 9. Bg2 e5 10. d5 Nb6
4. GRENKE Chess Classic 2017 – Round 5.4 – Meier, Georg – 0-1 – Carlsen, Magnus – G20 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. g3 dxc4 6. Qa4+ Nfd7 7. Qxc4 Nb6 8. Qd3 O-O 9. Bf4 Nc6 10. Rd1 Bf5
Brussels blitz 1987 – Round 1 – Ljubojevic, Ljubomir – 1/2-1/2 – Timman, Jan H – G49 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. g3 O-O 6. cxd5 Nxd5 7. Bg2 Nxc3 8. bxc3 c5 9. O-O Nc6 10. Be3 Be6

D90e — Gruenfeld: Three Knights (1939)

1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 d5 4.Nf3 Bg7 5.g3

Les coups candidats

5…O-O — 74.4% (882 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Stadler, Pavel (4x), Castaldi, Vincenzo (2x), Bronstein, Luis Marcos (2x), Schroeder, Raymond (2x), Vescovi, Giovanni (2x), Hernando Rodrigo, Julio Antonio (2x), Krupkova, Petra (2x), Semmler, Guenter (2x)

5…dxc4 — 12.6% (150 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Lehmann, Heinz (2x), Mueller, Achim (2x), Kestler, Hans-Guenther (2x), Agha, Lina (2x), Aegerter, Martin (2x), Vinchev, Simeon (2x), Tasic, Vladimir (2x), Vasilyev, Petr V. (2x)

5…c6 — 10.3% (122 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Barral Rubirosa, Cristobal (3x), Kashdan, Isaac (1x), Gordon Noel Pires (1x), Sjodahl, Pontus (1x), Kamsky, Gata (1x), Diaz Rodriguez Wilber Manuel (1x), Castillo, Shirley (1x), Romani, Elio (1x)

5…c5 — 1.1% (13 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Morcken, Otto B (1x), Letelier Martner, Rene (1x), Supancic, Darko (1x), Raffalt, Manfred (1x), Heuser, Philip, Dr. (1x), Pielmeier, Thomas (1x), Rath, Oliver (1x), Jacobi, Robin (1x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	5…O-O	5…dxc4	5…c6	5…c5
<1800	92	74%	10%	12%	2%
1800-2200	620	79%	8%	10%	1%
2200-2600	276	65%	23%	11%	1%
2600+	3	33%	67%	—	—

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	5…O-O	5…dxc4	5…c6	5…c5
1950s	23	83%	9%	4%	4%
1960s	23	87%	9%	—	—
1970s	27	74%	22%	4%	—
1980s	47	70%	26%	4%	—
1990s	229	76%	11%	10%	0%
2000s	304	73%	13%	12%	1%
2010s	429	75%	12%	9%	2%
2020s	104	70%	12%	16%	—

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
5…O-O	75%	70%	▼ -4.6%
5…dxc4	12%	12%	▼ -0.6%
5…c6	9%	16%	▲ +7.0%
5…c5	2%	0%	▼ -2.1%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Tal, Mikhail — 1 partie
Carlsen, Magnus — 1 partie

Parties historiques

5…O-O — 74.4% (882 parties)

1950 — Staldi, Cherubino vs Castaldi, Vincenzo — 0-1 — Sorrento ch ITA
1950 — Opsahl, Kristoffer vs Cortlever, Nicolaas — 0-1 — Dubrovnik CRO
1950 — Giustolisi, Alberto vs Castaldi, Vincenzo — 0-1 — Sorrento ch ITA
1950 — Primavera, Giuseppe vs Paoli, Enrico — 0-1 — Sorrento ch ITA
1952 — Wozniak, Kazimierz vs Sowinski, Jerzy — 0-1 — Katowice POL

5…dxc4 — 12.6% (150 parties)

1951 — Kopp, Aleksey vs Pilnik, Herman — 0-1 — Vienna AUT
1957 — Al Husari, Zita Fatima vs Dolezal, Jiri — 1/2-1/2 — Prague CZE
1960 — Aboulasse omar vs Alkan, Tan — 0-1 — Leipzig GER
1968 — Nowak, Jan vs Lehmann, Heinz — 0-1 — ?
1972 — Goldschmidt, Bernardo vs Garcia Palermo, Carlos Horacio — 0-1 — Lobos

5…c6 — 10.3% (122 parties)

1954 — Kashdan, Isaac vs Gordon Noel Pires — 1-0 — Hollywood
1970 — Romani, Elio vs Romih, Max — 1-0 — Sottomarina ITA
1987 — Sjodahl, Pontus vs Kamsky, Gata — 0-1 — Innsbruck AUT
1989 — Diaz Rodriguez Wilber Manuel vs Castillo, Shirley — 1/2-1/2 — Alicante ESP
1990 — Orel, Oskar vs Polajzer, Danilo — 1/2-1/2 — Ptuj Ptuj CRO

5…c5 — 1.1% (13 parties)

1956 — Morcken, Otto B vs Letelier Martner, Rene — 0-1 — Moskou olm
1993 — Supancic, Darko vs Raffalt, Manfred — 1/2-1/2 — AUT-chT2S
2003 — Heuser, Philip, Dr. vs Pielmeier, Thomas — 0-1 — Karlsruhe
2005 — Rath, Oliver vs Jacobi, Robin — 1/2-1/2 — ?
2010 — Lucas, Leone Moreno vs Maracaba, Francisco Wladimir G. — 1/2-1/2 — Recife