D61a — QGD: Orthodox, Rubinstein Variation

1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 Be7 5.e3 O-O 6.Nf3 Nbd7 7.Qc2 * ● Trait aux Noirs

Ouverture — Centre fermé

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

abcdefgh

Plan principal. Exploiter la case forte f4….

Atouts. Les Blancs s'appuient sur les cases fortes f4, b5 et e5, un fou actif en g5 et la paire de fous.

Côté adverse. Le fou enfermé en c8.

En contrepartie. Le roi n'est pas encore à l'abri et plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le fou f1 et les tours a1 et h1).

Plans. Bd3 (Développer Bf1) ; h3 (Empêcher ...Bg4).

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

hgfedcba

Plan principal. Exploiter la case forte e4.

Atouts. Les Noirs s'appuient sur un avant-poste en e4, un fou actif en e7 et la paire de fous.

Côté adverse. Le fou enfermé en f1, un mauvais fou en g5 et le roi resté au centre.

En contrepartie. Plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le fou c8 et la tour a8).

Plans. ...e5 (Rupture).

Avantages

Faiblesses adverses

Diagonale active

Plans

Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	—
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	● f2→e3, e3→d4	● e6→d5, f7→e6
Passés	—	—
Majorité	—	—

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	● f4 (2v0), ● b5 (2v0), ● e5 (2v1)	—
Cases faibles	● e4	—
Centre	● d4 (2v0), ● e5 (2v1)	—

Colonnes et diagonales

♔ Blancs

♚ Noirs

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bf1	● Bf1 Non développé (mob. 2)
Bg5	● Bg5 Actif (mob. 4)
Be7		● Be7 Actif (mob. 4)
Bc8		● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 0)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Non développées	3 (● f1, ● a1, ● h1)	2 (● c8, ● a8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Au centre !	● Roqué
Droits de roque	O-O / O-O-O	—

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	fermé
Ruptures	● c4-c5, ● e3-e4	● …e6-e5

Partie
1900 GBR tour sim – Round ? – Lasker, Emanuel – 0-1 – Jones, Edward O – G3 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Be7 5. e3 O-O 6. Nf3 Nbd7 7. Qc2 b6 8. cxd5 Nxd5 9. Bxe7 Nxe7 10. Bd3 h6
1905 Hauptturnier A – Round 7 – Benima, Fred – 0-1 – Rubinstein, Akiba – G19 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Nbd7 5. e3 Be7 6. Nf3 O-O 7. Qc2 b6 8. O-O-O Bb7 9. cxd5 exd5 10. h4 c5
1905 It (Men) Barmen GER – Round 1 – Kostic, Boris – 1/2-1/2 – Kostic, Boris – G9 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Be7 5. e3 Nbd7 6. Qc2 O-O 7. Nf3 Re8 8. Bd3 dxc4 9. Bxc4 a6 10. Rd1 c5
1905 It (Men) Barmen GER – Round 14 – Von Bardeleben, Curt – 1/2-1/2 – Wolf, Hans-Josef – G152 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Bg5 Be7 5. e3 O-O 6. Nf3 Nbd7 7. Qc2 Re8 8. Bd3 dxc4 9. Bxc4 c5 10. Rd1 cxd4
1905 Scheveningen – Round ? – Marshall, Frank – 1-0 – Schories, Georg – G34 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Be7 5. e3 Nbd7 6. Nf3 O-O 7. Qc2 b6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. h4 Bb7 10. Bd3 Re8
1905 Scheveningen – Round 10 – Marshall, Frank – 1-0 – Te Kolste, Jan Willem – G25 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Be7 5. e3 Nbd7 6. Qc2 O-O 7. Nf3 b6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Bd3 Bb7 10. h4 c5
1906 It (Men) Nuerenberg GER – Round 6 – Marshall Viele, Fabrizio Aaron – 1-0 – Spielmann, Rudolf – G11 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Be7 5. e3 Nbd7 6. Qc2 O-O 7. Nf3 Re8 8. Rd1 a6 9. a4 b6 10. cxd5 exd5
1906 Ostende – Round 1 – Marshall Viele, Fabrizio Aaron – 0-1 – Rubinstein, Akiba – G11 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Nbd7 5. e3 Be7 6. Qc2 O-O 7. Nf3 Re8 8. Bd3 dxc4 9. Bxc4 a6 10. a4 c5
1906 Ostende – Round 1 – Schlechter, Carl – 0-1 – Teichmann, Richard – G9 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Be7 5. e3 Nbd7 6. Nf3 O-O 7. Qc2 b6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Bd3 Bb7 10. Rd1 a6
1906 Ostende – Round 1 – Schlechter, Carl – 1-0 – Burn, Amos – G4 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Nf3 Nbd7 5. Bg5 Be7 6. e3 O-O 7. Qc2 b6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Bd3 Bb7 10. O-O c5
1907 Berlin Jubilee – Round 2 – Spielmann, Rudolf – 0-1 – Teichmann, Richard – G7 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Be7 5. Nf3 Nbd7 6. e3 O-O 7. Qc2 Re8 8. Bd3 dxc4 9. Bxc4 a6 10. a4 c5
1907 Karlsbad – Round 12 – Rubinstein, Akiba – 1-0 – Teichmann, Richard – G165 1. d4 d5 2. Nf3 e6 3. c4 Nf6 4. Bg5 Be7 5. Nc3 Nbd7 6. e3 O-O 7. Qc2 b6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Bd3 Bb7 10. O-O-O c5
1907 Karlsbad – Round 19 – Marshall Viele, Fabrizio Aaron – 0-1 – Janowski, Dawid – G175 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Nbd7 5. e3 Be7 6. Nf3 O-O 7. Qc2 Re8 8. Bd3 dxc4 9. Bxc4 a6 10. Rd1 b5
1907 Ostende II – Round 19 – Rubinstein, Akiba – 0-1 – Swiderski, Radoslaw – G224 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Be7 5. e3 Nbd7 6. Nf3 O-O 7. Qc2 dxc4 8. Bxc4 c5 9. Rd1 cxd4 10. exd4 a6
1907 Ostende II – Round 5 – Salwe, Georg – 1-0 – Tartakower, Savielly – G61 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Be7 5. e3 O-O 6. Nf3 Nbd7 7. Qc2 b6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Bd3 Bb7 10. Rd1 Re8
1908 DSB-16.Kongress – Round 3 – Johner, Paul – 1-0 – Swiderski, Radoslaw – G13 1. d4 d5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. c4 e6 4. Bg5 Nbd7 5. e3 Be7 6. Nc3 O-O 7. Qc2 dxc4 8. Bxc4 c5 9. Rd1 cxd4 10. Rxd4 Qc7
1908 DSB-16.Kongress – Round 4 – Spielmann, Rudolf – 1-0 – Swiderski, Radoslaw – G18 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Nbd7 5. Nf3 Be7 6. e3 O-O 7. Qc2 b6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Bd3 c5 10. Ne5 c4
1908 Prague – Round 1 – Alapin, Simon – 1/2-1/2 – Maroczy, Geza – G4 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Be7 5. e3 O-O 6. Nf3 Nbd7 7. Qc2 Re8 8. Bd3 dxc4 9. Bxc4 a6 10. Rd1 Nf8
1909 All-Russian – Round 17 – Daniuszewski, Dawid – 1-0 – Verlinsky, Boris – G16 1. d4 d5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. c4 e6 4. Bg5 Nbd7 5. e3 Be7 6. Nc3 O-O 7. Qc2 dxc4 8. Bxc4 a6 9. Rd1 b5 10. Bd3 Bb7
1909 St Petersburg – Round 1 – Alekhine, Alexander – 1-0 – Yates, Frederic D – G12 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Be7 5. Nf3 Nbd7 6. e3 O-O 7. Qc2 b6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Bd3 Bb7 10. h4 c5
1909 St Petersburg – Round 1 – Rubinstein, Akiba – 1-0 – Znosko-Borovsky, Eugene – G11 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Be7 5. e3 Nbd7 6. Nf3 O-O 7. Qc2 b6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Bd3 Bb7 10. O-O-O Ne4
1910 DSB-17.Kongress – Round 13 – Alekhine, Alexander – 1-0 – Yates, Frederic D – G81 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Be7 5. e3 Nbd7 6. Nc3 O-O 7. Qc2 b6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Bd3 Bb7 10. h4 c5
1910 DSB-17.Kongress – Round 7 – Duz-Khotimirsky, Fedor Ivanovich – 1-0 – Forgacs, Leo – G40 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Nbd7 5. Nf3 Be7 6. e3 O-O 7. Qc2 b6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Bd3 Bb7 10. h4 c5
1912 BCF Ch 9th – Round 10 – Michell, Reginald – 1-0 – Wahltuch, Victor Leonard – G12 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Nbd7 5. e3 Be7 6. Nf3 O-O 7. Qc2 b6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Rd1 Bb7 10. Bd3 Re8
1913 Rotterdam m – Round 10 – Oskam, Gerard – 0-1 – Davidson, Jacques – G9 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Be7 5. e3 O-O 6. Nf3 Nbd7 7. Qc2 b6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Bd3 Bb7 10. O-O-O c5
1915 New York USA – Round 11 – Marshall Viele, Fabrizio Aaron – 1-0 – Hodges, Albert – G15 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Nbd7 5. e3 Be7 6. Nf3 O-O 7. Qc2 Re8 8. Bd3 dxc4 9. Bxc4 a6 10. Bd3 c5
1916 Nordisk Turnering-B – Round 12 – Brodersen, V. – 1-0 – Berndtsson, Karl – G12 1. d4 d5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. c4 e6 4. Nc3 Nbd7 5. Bg5 Be7 6. e3 O-O 7. Qc2 b6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Bd3 Bb7 10. O-O-O Ne4
1928 Budapest – Round 1 – Marshall Viele, Fabrizio Aaron – 1-0 – Havasi, Kornel – G17 1. d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 e6 3. Bg5 d5 4. c4 Be7 5. Nc3 O-O 6. e3 Nbd7 7. Qc2 Re8 8. Bd3 c6 9. O-O Nf8 10. Rae1 dxc4
1930 Zagreb simultaan – Round 1 – Alekhine, Alexander – 0-1 – Rojnic, Matko – G3 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Nbd7 5. e3 Be7 6. Nf3 O-O 7. Qc2 Re8 8. Rd1 c6 9. a3 Qc7 10. Bd3 h6
1931 Budapest – Round 12 – Lilienthal, Andor – 1-0 – Szigeti, Miklos – G65 1. d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 e6 3. c4 d5 4. Nc3 Nbd7 5. Bg5 Be7 6. e3 O-O 7. Qc2 Ne4 8. Bxe7 Qxe7 9. cxd5 Nxc3 10. Qxc3 Nb6
1932 New York sim – Round ? – Alekhine, Alexander – 1-0 – New York Athletic Cl – G3 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Be7 5. e3 c6 6. Nf3 Nbd7 7. Bd3 dxc4 8. Bxc4 O-O 9. Qc2 Re8 10. O-O b6
1935 Barcelona – Round 1 – Grob, Henry – 1-0 – Ticoulat, Nicolas – G11 1. d4 e6 2. c4 Nf6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Nbd7 5. Qc2 Be7 6. Bg5 O-O 7. e3 Re8 8. Bd3 c6 9. O-O dxc4 10. Bxc4 Nd5
1936 BCF Ch 29. Major Open A – Round 5 – Ritson-Morry, William – 1-0 – List, Paul – G8 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Bg5 Nbd7 5. e3 Be7 6. Nf3 O-O 7. Qc2 b6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Rd1 Bb7 10. Ne5 h6
1937 Stockholm SWE – Round 9 – Van Scheltinga, Theo – 1-0 – Gulbrandsen, Andreas – G44 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Bg5 Be7 5. e3 Nbd7 6. Nf3 O-O 7. Qc2 Ne4 8. Bxe7 Qxe7 9. cxd5 Nxc3 10. Qxc3 exd5
1938 Bad Elster – Round 9 – Eliskases, Erich – 1-0 – Kieninger, Georg – G36 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Bg5 Be7 5. e3 Nbd7 6. Nf3 O-O 7. Qc2 Re8 8. Rd1 c6 9. a3 Nf8 10. Bd3 a6
1938 Stockholm – Round 1 – Stoltz, Gösta – 1-0 – Bergqvist, Allan – G3 1. c4 Nf6 2. Nc3 e6 3. Nf3 d5 4. d4 Nbd7 5. Bg5 Be7 6. e3 O-O 7. Qc2 b6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Bb5 Bb7 10. Qa4 a6
1939 Buenos Aires ol prel-C – Round 4 – Van Scheltinga, Theo – 1-0 – Granda Ponce, Nicolas Alejandro – G15 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 d5 4. Nc3 Be7 5. Bg5 Nbd7 6. e3 O-O 7. Qc2 Ne4 8. Bxe7 Qxe7 9. cxd5 Nxc3 10. Qxc3 Nf6
1958 Torneo de las Americas 1st – Round 10 – Bisguier, Arthur B – 1-0 – Humerez Estrada, Cidar – G49 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Nbd7 5. e3 Be7 6. Nf3 O-O 7. Qc2 dxc4 8. Bxc4 c5 9. dxc5 Nxc5 10. O-O a6
1960 Leipzig olm prel – Round 3 – Johansson, Martin 1979 – 1-0 – Solmundarson, Magnus – G83 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. Nc3 Nbd7 5. Bg5 Be7 6. e3 O-O 7. Qc2 b6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Bd3 c5 10. Ne5 c4
1966 Helsinki – Round 1 – Brander, Ilmari – 1-0 – Henneberke, Frans – G1 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Be7 5. e3 O-O 6. Nf3 Nbd7 7. Qc2 b6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Bd3 Bb7 10. O-O-O c5
1966 Palma de Mallorca – Round 6 – Wade, Robert G – 1/2-1/2 – Pfleger, Helmut, Dr. – G36 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Bg5 Be7 5. Nf3 O-O 6. e3 Nbd7 7. Qc2 b6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Be2 Bb7 10. O-O Ne4
1969 Budapest – Round 1 – Yuferov, Sergey N – 1/2-1/2 – Csom, Istvan – G8 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Bg5 Nbd7 5. e3 Be7 6. Qc2 O-O 7. Nf3 Re8 8. Rd1 c6 9. Bd3 h6 10. Bh4 dxc4
Jakarta / Yogya / Bali 1983 – Round 17 – Kurajica, Bojan – 1/2-1/2 – Andersson, Ulf 1949 – G54 1. d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 d5 3. c4 e6 4. Bg5 Be7 5. Nc3 O-O 6. e3 Nbd7 7. Qc2 Re8 8. Rd1 h6 9. Bh4 a6 10. cxd5 exd5
Thessaloniki olm 1988 – Round 5 – Karkanaqe, Ilir – 0-1 – Granda Zuniga, Julio E – G46 1. Nf3 d5 2. d4 Nf6 3. c4 e6 4. Nc3 Be7 5. Bg5 O-O 6. e3 Nbd7 7. Qc2 b6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Bd3 Bb7 10. Ne5 Nxe5

D61a — Orthodox Rubinstein Variation

1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 Be7 5.e3 O-O 6.Nf3 Nbd7 7.Qc2

Les coups candidats

7…c6 — 28.4% (1455 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Alekhine, Alexander (9x), Foessmeier, Ulrich (6x), Flohr, Salo (4x), Keres, Paul (4x), Taimanov, Mark (4x), Vontina, Maria (4x), Orekhov, Dmitry Vjacheslavov (4x), Najdorf, Miguel (3x)

7…c5 — 25.9% (1326 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Flohr, Salo (17x), Piket, Jeroen (13x), Teichmann, Richard (10x), Alekhine, Alexander (10x), Capablanca, Jose (10x), Foltys, Jan (8x), Grigoriants, Sergey (7x), Stahlberg, Gideon (6x)

7…h6 — 17.7% (905 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Glienke, Manfred, Dr. (11x), Guimard, Carlos E (6x), Trifunovic, Petar (6x), Portisch, Lajos (5x), Stahlberg, Gideon (4x), Van Scheltinga, Theo (4x), Van den Bosch, Johannes (4x), Flohr, Salo (4x)

7…b6 — 11.0% (561 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Vukovic, Zdravko (16x), Rubinstein, Akiba (8x), Teichmann, Richard (4x), Wahltuch, Victor Leonard (4x), Yates, Frederic D (4x), Marshall, Frank (3x), Alekhine, Alexander (3x), Schlechter, Carl (2x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	7…c6	7…c5	7…h6	7…b6
<1800	146	20%	17%	29%	21%
1800-2200	1458	30%	15%	18%	15%
2200-2600	1768	29%	31%	16%	7%
2600+	62	10%	56%	31%	—

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	7…c6	7…c5	7…h6	7…b6
1900s	83	13%	27%	2%	28%
1910s	39	5%	44%	—	31%
1920s	72	26%	50%	6%	7%
1930s	200	27%	50%	12%	1%
1940s	111	29%	35%	25%	2%
1950s	95	27%	29%	27%	4%
1960s	113	27%	19%	31%	7%
1970s	125	29%	28%	26%	4%
1980s	491	23%	40%	19%	7%
1990s	1060	28%	27%	17%	12%
2000s	1458	30%	24%	14%	12%
2010s	1046	29%	18%	20%	14%
2020s	224	37%	8%	29%	10%

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
7…c6	29%	37%	▲ +7.6%
7…c5	18%	8%	▼ -9.6%
7…h6	20%	29%	▲ +9.3%
7…b6	14%	10%	▼ -4.3%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Alekhine, Alexander — 10 parties
Euwe, Max — 10 parties
Lasker, Emanuel — 7 parties
Kasparov, Garry — 5 parties
Tal, Mikhail — 4 parties
Carlsen, Magnus — 4 parties
Karpov, Aleksandr — 1 partie
Kramnik, Vladimir — 1 partie
Gukesh D — 1 partie

Parties historiques

7…c6 — 28.4% (1455 parties)

1905 — Kostic, Boris vs Morrison, John — 1-0 — Barmen GER
1905 — Kostic, Boris vs Nimzowitsch, Aron — 1-0 — Barmen GER
1905 — Maroczy, G. vs Suchting, H. — 1-0 — Barmen GER
1905 — Marshall, Frank vs Spielmann, Rudolf — 0-1 — Ostende
1907 — Rubinstein, Akiba vs D Marco, Gianni — 1/2-1/2 — Ostende II

7…c5 — 25.9% (1326 parties)

1905 — Atkins, Henry Ernest vs Bellingham, George E — 1/2-1/2 — Southport ENG
1905 — Hakansson, Arthur vs Marco, Georg — 1-0 — Barmen GER
1905 — Cohn, Erich vs Heilmann, Ernst — 1-0 — Barmen GER
1906 — Marshall, Frank vs Horatio Stonier Jr — 1/2-1/2 — Morristown, NJ USA (Tapkaow Club)
1906 — Schlechter, Carl vs Svensson, Sven — 1-0 — Stockholm SWE

7…h6 — 17.7% (905 parties)

1906 — Marshall Viele, Fabrizio Aaron vs Leonhardt, Paul — 1-0 — Nuerenberg GER
1908 — Rubinstein, Akiba vs Leonhardt, Paul — 1-0 — Prague CZE
1928 — Landau, Salo vs Noteboom, Daniel — 1/2-1/2 — Leiden NED
1928 — Tartakower, Savielly vs Hoenlinger, Baldur — 0-1 — Vienna AUT
1929 — Baratz, Abraham vs Menchik, Vera — 1-0 — Paris FRA

7…b6 — 11.0% (561 parties)

1900 — Lasker, Emanuel vs Jones, Edward O — 0-1 — Great Britain
1905 — Leussen, Benjamin vs Petterson, AH. — 1-0 — Barmen GER
1905 — Marshall, Frank vs Te Kolste, Jan Willem — 1-0 — Scheveningen NED
1905 — Marshall, Frank vs Schories, Georg — 1-0 — Scheveningen NED
1905 — Benima, Fred vs Rubinstein, Akiba — 0-1 — Barmen GER

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