C97d — Spanish: Closed, Chigorin, 11.d4 Qc7 12.Nbd2

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.O-O Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 O-O 8.c3 d6 9.h3 Na5 10.Bc2 c5 11.d4 Qc7 12.Nbd2 * ● Trait aux Noirs

Ouverture — Centre fermé

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

abcdefgh

Atouts. Les Blancs s'appuient sur un fou actif en c2 et la paire de fous.

Côté adverse. Les fous enfermés en e7 et c8.

En contrepartie. Plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le fou c1 et la tour a1).

Plans. Bg5 (Clouer Nf6).

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

hgfedcba

Atouts. Les Noirs s'appuient sur la case forte c4, un avant-poste en c4 et la paire de fous.

Côté adverse. Le fou enfermé en c1.

En contrepartie. Plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le fou c8 et la tour a8).

Plans. ...Bg4 (Développer Bc8, clouer Nf3) ; ...c4 (Rupture) ; ...d5 (Rupture).

Avantages

Faiblesses adverses

Diagonale active

Plans

Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	—
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	● b2→c3, g2→h3, c3→d4	● a6→b5, d6→c5, d6→e5
Passés	—	—
Majorité	—	—

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	—	● c4 (2v1)
Cases faibles	—	—
Centre	● e4 (3v1), ● e5 (2v1)	—

Colonnes et diagonales

♔ Blancs

♚ Noirs

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bc1	● Bc1 Non développé (mob. 0)
Bc2	● Bc2 Actif (mob. 4)
Be7		● Be7 Enfermé (mob. 1)
Bc8		● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 6)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Non développées	2 (c1, a1)	2 (c8, a8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Roqué	● Roqué
Droits de roque	—	—

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	fermé
Ruptures	● c3-c4, ● d4-d5	● …c5-c4, ● …d6-d5

Partie
? 1975 – Round ? – Tal, Mikhail – 1/2-1/2 – Petrosian, Tigran V – G2 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1906 DSB-15.Kongress – Round 6 – Důras, Oldřich – 0-1 – Chigorin, Mikhail – G34 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1907 It (Men) San Sebastian ESP – Round 3 – John, Walter – 1-0 – Loman, Rudolf – G6 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. d4 Qc7
1907 Ostende II – Round 24 – Suechting, Hugo – 1/2-1/2 – Forgacs, Laszlo – G289 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. d4 Qc7
1907 Vienna – Round 3 – Maróczy, Géza – 1-0 – Perlis, Julius – G14 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. d4 Qc7
1909 BCF Ch 6th – Round 9 – Ward, William 2001 – 1-0 – Michell, Reginald – G37 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. d4 Qc7
1912 Temesvary – Round 1 – Barasz, Zsigmond – 0-1 – Von Balla, Zoltan – G33 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1916 It (Men) Hastings ENG – Round 1 – Tarrasch, Siegbert – 0-1 – Lasker, Emanuel – G2 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 d6 7. c3 O-O 8. h3 b5 9. Bb3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1920 Gothenburg-B – Round 12 – Olsson, Anton – 1/2-1/2 – Gruenfeld, Ernst – G73 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. d4 Qc7
1924 Moskou ch-URS – Round 7 – Smorodsky, Andrey – 0-1 – Selezniev, Alexey – G24 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1924 New York – Round 1 – Lasker, Edward – 1-0 – Reti, Richard – G42 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1927 Moskou ch-URS – Round 20 – Rabinovich, Ilya Mar – 1-0 – Selezniev, Alexey – G56 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. d4 Qc7
1928 Brno – Round 5 – Steiner, Lajos – 1-0 – Teller, Alfred – G13 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. d4 Qc7
1928 Trencianske Teplice – Round 7 – Steiner, Endre – 1-0 – Zobel, Leo – G17 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. d4 Qc7
1940 Moskou ch-URS – Round 1 – Boleslavsky, Isaac – 1-0 – Panov, Vasily – G103 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1942 Moscow Ch – Round 1 – Boleslavsky, Isaac – 0-1 – Zagoriansky, Evgeny – G50 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1943 Sverdlovsk – Round 1 – Smyslov, Vladimir – 1-0 – Zagoriansky, Evgeny – G10 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1943 Sverdlovsk – Round 14 – Boleslavsky, Isaac – 1/2-1/2 – Zagoriansky, Evgeny – G54 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1947 Chigorin Memorial – Round 1 – Pachman, Ludek – 1/2-1/2 – Novotelnov, Nikolai – G65 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1948 Nijmegen – Round 3 – Stumpers, Louis – 1-0 – Van Scheltinga, Theo – G11 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1949 Moskou ch-URS – Round 1 – Boleslavsky, Isaac – 0-1 – Furman, Slavomir – G131 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1951 Staunton Memorial – Round 7 – Matanovic, Aleksandar – 1-0 – Van Scheltinga, Theo – G54 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1952 Moscow Ch – Round 2 – Kotov Lundqvist, Alex – 1/2-1/2 – Baranov, Aleksandr – G12 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O b5 6. Bb3 d6 7. c3 Be7 8. Re1 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1956 Candidats Tournament – Round 14 – Smyslov, Vladimir – 1-0 – Filip, Marius Liviu – G67 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1958 OWL Ch – Round 10 – Groenegress, Wilfried – 1/2-1/2 – Flatau, Leo – G27 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. h3 O-O
1958 Sarajevo Sarajevo BIH – Round 1 – Ivkov, Borislav – 1/2-1/2 – Puc, Stojan – G37 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1959 Lodz ch POL – Round 16 – Kostro, Jerzy – 0-1 – Tarnowski, Alfred – G78 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1959 York ch-BCF – Round 3 – Barden, Leonard – 1-0 – Penrose, Justin – G44 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1961 Moskou – Round 1 – Boleslavsky, Isaac – 1/2-1/2 – Cherepkov, Alexander V – G95 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1962 Open – Round 3 – Blackstone, John – 1-0 – Andia Gonzales, Mateo – G6 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1963 Hoogovens – Round 11 – Parma, Bruno – 1/2-1/2 – Van Scheltinga, Theo – G92 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1963 Hoogovens – Round 2 – Bronstein, David I – 1-0 – Van Scheltinga, Theo – G27 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1965 Chigorin Memorial – Round 10 – Ciric, Dragoljub M – 1-0 – Malich, Burkhard, Dr. – G50 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. h3 O-O 9. c3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1965 Santiago Santiago de Chile – Round ? – Flores Alvarez, Rodrigo – 1-0 – Cuellar Gacharna, Miguel – G14 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1966 Panamerican – Round ? – Garcia Martinez, Silvino – 1-0 – Martinez, Gustavo – G90 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O b5 6. Bb3 Be7 7. Re1 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1967 DDR Ch 16th – Round 1 – Liebert, Heinz – 1/2-1/2 – Bruentrup, Dieter – G5 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O b5 6. Bb3 Be7 7. Re1 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1968 Lugano ol (Men) qual-E – Round 1 – Gheorghiu, Florin – 1-0 – Kazanski, Boris – G13 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1969 Hoogovens-B – Round 5 – Scholl, Eckhard – 1/2-1/2 – Honfi, K. – G29 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
Erevan ch-URS 1975 – Round 1 – Tal, Mikhail – 1/2-1/2 – Petrosian, Tigran V. – G25 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O b5 6. Bb3 d6 7. Re1 Be7 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5

C97d —

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.O-O Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 O-O 8.c3 d6 9.h3 Na5 10.Bc2 c5 11.d4 Qc7 12.Nbd2

Eval: [+0.37]

Les coups candidats

12…cxd4 — 56.3% (10810 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Zielinski, Sergej (179x), Szabo, Vilmos (101x), Pott, Brian (74x), Van Riemsdijk, Herman C. (64x), Salzmann, Stefan (45x), Sherwood, Russell (42x), Malyshev, Vladimir Pavlovich (42x), Wiesinger, Johann (40x)

12…Bd7 — 15.1% (2889 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Korchut, Adam (32x), Ivkov, Borislav (29x), Gligorić, Svetozar (27x), Matanovic, Aleksandar (25x), Manduch, Milan Ing (25x), Unzicker, Wolfgang (22x), Malmstroem, Jan Hendrik (21x), Tal, Mikhail (14x)

12…Nc6 — 13.3% (2559 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Lengyel, Bela (101x), Zielinski, Sergej (30x), Matanovic, Aleksandar (18x), Smyslov, Vasily (17x), Rubil, Marko (17x), Ivkov, Borislav (15x), Botvinnik, Mikhail (14x), Grotnes, Nils Ragnar (14x)

12…Re8 — 4.6% (877 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Ivkov, Borislav (14x), Malmstroem, Jan Hendrik (9x), Matanovic, Aleksandar (6x), Gonda, Laszlo (6x), Milic, Borislav (5x), Donner, Jan-Hein (5x), Geller, Efim P. (5x), Stukopin, Andrey (5x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	12…cxd4	12…Bd7	12…Nc6	12…Re8
<1800	433	56%	13%	9%	7%
1800-2200	5987	59%	15%	11%	6%
2200-2600	7247	63%	12%	12%	3%
2600+	257	65%	14%	5%	4%

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	12…cxd4	12…Bd7	12…Nc6	12…Re8
1900s	21	5%	10%	43%	5%
1910s	12	—	8%	67%	—
1920s	60	7%	23%	50%	7%
1930s	65	34%	23%	42%	—
1940s	194	36%	16%	28%	2%
1950s	703	28%	32%	14%	7%
1960s	889	32%	24%	26%	5%
1970s	791	34%	15%	34%	5%
1980s	1031	52%	21%	17%	3%
1990s	1981	51%	17%	15%	5%
2000s	6254	62%	12%	11%	4%
2010s	6457	63%	13%	9%	4%
2020s	728	65%	14%	7%	5%

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
12…cxd4	63%	65%	▲ +1.7%
12…Bd7	13%	14%	+0.4%
12…Nc6	9%	7%	▼ -2.2%
12…Re8	4%	5%	▲ +0.6%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Smyslov, Vladimir — 10 parties
Botvinnik, Mikhail — 10 parties
Karpov, Anatoly — 10 parties
Tal, Mikhail — 10 parties
Anand, Viswanathan — 8 parties
Karpov, Aleksandr — 6 parties
Lasker, Emanuel — 5 parties
Alekhine, Alexander — 5 parties
Euwe, Max — 3 parties
Kramnik, Vladimir — 3 parties
Hou, Yifan — 3 parties
Kasparov, Garry — 2 parties
Carlsen, Magnus — 2 parties
Fischer, Robert James — 1 partie

Parties historiques

12…cxd4 — 56.3% (10810 parties)

1907 — Schlechter vs Tchigorin — 1-0 — Ostende
1924 — Lasker, Emanuel vs Lasker, Edward — 1/2-1/2 — New York, NY USA
1924 — Lasker, Emanuel vs Lasker, Edward — 1/2-1/2 — USA New York, NY
1925 — Fryganas, Stavros vs Lasker, Emanuel — 1-0 — Dresden GER
1926 — Michell, Reginald vs Teller, Alfred — 0-1 — Hastings Town Hall

12…Bd7 — 15.1% (2889 parties)

1908 — Treybal, Frantisek vs Kvicala, Adam — 1/2-1/2 — Prague CZE
1908 — Cohn, Erich vs Berger, Jacob — 0-1 — Vienna AUT
1917 — Lasker, Edward vs Beckner, John Taliaferro — 1-0 — Lexington, KY USA
1922 — Znosko-Borovsky, Eugene vs Guillen Watson, Cesar Augusto — 1-0 — Londen
1924 — Maroczy, Geza vs Reti, Richard — 1/2-1/2 — New York, NY USA

12…Nc6 — 13.3% (2559 parties)

1907 — Fleishmann vs Liberman Rubinstein, Joseph — 1/2-1/2 — Ostende
1907 — Suechting, Hugo vs Salwe, Georg H S — 1/2-1/2 — Ostende II
1907 — Bernstein, Ossip vs Rubinstein, Akiba — 1/2-1/2 — Ostende
1907 — Alapin, Simon vs Rubinstein, Akiba — 1/2-1/2 — Lodz POL
1908 — Treybal, Frantisek vs Rabinovich, Alexander — 0-1 — Prague CZE

12…Re8 — 4.6% (877 parties)

1909 — Sergeant, Edward vs Mackenzie, Arthur J — 1/2-1/2 — Scarborough ENG
1924 — Atkins, Henry Ernest vs Thomas, George Alan — 1/2-1/2 — Southport ENG
1925 — Asztalos, Lajos vs Havasi, Kornel — 1/2-1/2 — Debrecen HUN
1928 — Steiner, Lajos vs Przepiorka, Dawid — 0-1 — Amateur championship
1928 — Steiner, Endre vs Sapira, Emmanuel — 1-0 — The Hague NED

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