C98a — Spanish: Closed, Chigorin, 12…Nc6

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.O-O Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 O-O 8.c3 d6 9.h3 Na5 10.Bc2 c5 11.d4 Qc7 12.Nbd2 Nc6 * ○ Trait aux Blancs

Ouverture — Centre fermé

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

abcdefgh

Atouts. Les Blancs s'appuient sur un fou actif en c2 et la paire de fous.

Côté adverse. Les fous enfermés en e7 et c8.

En contrepartie. Plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le fou c1 et la tour a1).

Plans. Bg5 (Clouer Nf6).

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

hgfedcba

Atouts. Les Noirs s'appuient sur la paire de fous.

Côté adverse. Le fou enfermé en c1.

En contrepartie. Plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le fou c8 et la tour a8).

Plans. ...Bg4 (Développer Bc8, clouer Nf3) ; ...c4 (Rupture) ; ...d5 (Rupture).

Avantages

Faiblesses adverses

Diagonale active

Plans

Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	—
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	● b2→c3, g2→h3, c3→d4	● a6→b5, d6→c5, d6→e5
Passés	—	—
Majorité	—	—

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	—	—
Cases faibles	—	—
Centre	● e4 (3v1)	● d4 (3v2)

Colonnes et diagonales

♔ Blancs

♚ Noirs

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bc1	● Bc1 Non développé (mob. 0)
Bc2	● Bc2 Actif (mob. 4)
Be7		● Be7 Enfermé (mob. 1)
Bc8		● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 6)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Non développées	2 (c1, a1)	2 (c8, a8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Roqué	● Roqué
Droits de roque	—	—

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	fermé
Ruptures	● c3-c4, ● d4-d5	● …c5-c4, ● …d6-d5

Partie
1908 DSB-16.Kongress – Round 7 – Suechting, Hugo – 0-1 – Salwe, Georg – G40 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1931 New York – Round 7 – Lasker, Edward – 1/2-1/2 – Kupchik, Abraham – G52 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1932 Bad Sliac – Round 1 – Gonzalez May, Daniel Francisco – 0-1 – Vidmar, Marjeta – G68 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. d4 Qc7
1947 Moscow RUS – Round 1 – Simagin, Vladimir – 1/2-1/2 – Bronstein, David I – G25 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1947 Schlechter Memorial – Round 3 – Turiansky, M. – 1-0 – Gereben, Erno – G8 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. h3 O-O
1949 URS Ch, semi final – Round 9 – Simagin, Vladimir – 1-0 – Chekhover, Vitaly – G71 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1955 Zagreb – Round 1 – Matanovic, Aleksandar – 1/2-1/2 – Rabar, Braslav – G21 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1957 Sombor – Round 14 – Djurasevic, Bozidar – 1/2-1/2 – Nedeljkovic, Srecko M – G142 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1958 JUG-13ch Sarajevo BIH – Round 12 – Ciric, Dragoljub M – 1/2-1/2 – Janosevic, Dragoljub – G17 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O b5 6. Bb3 Be7 7. Re1 O-O 8. h3 d6 9. c3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1960 Leipzig olm prel – Round 5 – Ribeiro, Joao Mario – 1/2-1/2 – Tarnowski, Alfred – G21 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1960 URS Ch sf – Round 8 – Novopashin, Arkady – 1-0 – Movshovich A – G64 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1963 Moscow RUS – Round ? – Simagin, Vladimir – 1/2-1/2 – Smyslov, Vasily – G46 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1966 Moscow – Round 1 – Murey, Jacob – 1/2-1/2 – Yudovich, Mikhail Jr – G18 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1967 ISR Ch – Round 1 – Rom, Meir – 1-0 – Porath, Yosef – G5 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1968 Alma Ata ch-URS – Round 6 – Tal, Mikhail – 1-0 – Cherepkov, Alexander V – G68 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1969 Corr – Round ? – Hamarat, Tunc – 1/2-1/2 – Korelov, Alexander P – G16 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1969 Hoogovens – Round 2 – Keres, Paul Petrovich – 1-0 – Van Scheltinga, Theo – G23 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1969 Moscow – Round 1 – Gufeld, Eduard – 1/2-1/2 – Smyslov, Vladimir – G10 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O d6 6. Re1 Be7 7. c3 b5 8. Bb3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1969 Moskou ch-URS – Round 13 – Gufeld, Eduard – 1/2-1/2 – Smyslov, Vladimir – G220 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5

C98a — Closed Chigorin

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.O-O Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 O-O 8.c3 d6 9.h3 Na5 10.Bc2 c5 11.d4 Qc7 12.Nbd2 Nc6

Eval: [+1.05]

Les coups candidats

13.d5 — 67.0% (1743 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Lengyel, Bela (85x), Zielinski, Sergej (32x), Rubil, Marko (16x), Grotnes, Nils Ragnar (13x), Vass, Viktor (10x), Kovachev, Daniel Jakobsen (9x), Shaw, Terrey I (8x), Hernandez Onna, Roman (8x)

13.dxc5 — 19.8% (515 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Smyslov, Vasily (12x), Ivkov, Borislav (12x), Tal, Mikhail (10x), Averbakh, Yuri L (9x), Matanovic, Aleksandar (9x), Filip, Miroslav (8x), Kavalek, Lubomir (8x), Lilienthal, Andor (7x)

13.Nf1 — 5.9% (154 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Gumprich, Kurt (3x), Lengyel, Bela (3x), Lasker, Emanuel (2x), Tarrasch, Siegbert (2x), Engels, Ludwig (2x), Adams, Weaver (2x), Lyly, Seppo (2x), Euwe, Max (1x)

13.dxe5 — 3.2% (82 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Matanovic, Aleksandar (3x), Pilnik, Herman (2x), Botvinnik, Mikhail (2x), Tarnowski, Alfred (2x), Gligorić, Svetozar (2x), Heilemann, Paul (2x), Matulovic, Milan (2x), Sherwood, Russell (2x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	13.d5	13.dxc5	13.Nf1	13.dxe5
<1800	41	71%	7%	10%	2%
1800-2200	655	76%	11%	8%	2%
2200-2600	881	82%	11%	3%	1%
2600+	12	83%	17%	—	—

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	13.d5	13.dxc5	13.Nf1	13.dxe5
1900s	11	55%	—	27%	—
1910s	9	56%	—	44%	—
1920s	31	81%	3%	3%	3%
1930s	29	59%	7%	31%	—
1940s	55	36%	40%	13%	4%
1950s	103	22%	48%	8%	18%
1960s	239	24%	59%	4%	7%
1970s	277	41%	39%	5%	6%
1980s	172	59%	27%	8%	5%
1990s	297	76%	14%	5%	2%
2000s	713	83%	9%	4%	1%
2010s	610	83%	6%	6%	1%
2020s	54	87%	4%	7%	—

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
13.d5	83%	87%	▲ +3.9%
13.dxc5	6%	4%	▼ -2.7%
13.Nf1	6%	7%	▲ +1.7%
13.dxe5	1%	0%	▼ -0.7%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Botvinnik, Mikhail — 10 parties
Tal, Mikhail — 10 parties
Karpov, Anatoly — 10 parties
Smyslov, Vladimir — 6 parties
Euwe, Max — 3 parties
Lasker, Emanuel — 3 parties
Alekhine, Alexander — 2 parties
Karpov, Aleksandr — 2 parties
Carlsen, Magnus — 1 partie

Parties historiques

13.d5 — 67.0% (1743 parties)

1907 — Suechting, Hugo vs Salwe, Georg H S — 1/2-1/2 — Ostende II
1907 — Bernstein, Ossip vs Rubinstein, Akiba — 1/2-1/2 — Ostende
1907 — Alapin, Simon vs Rubinstein, Akiba — 1/2-1/2 — Lodz POL
1908 — Treybal, Frantisek vs Rabinovich, Alexander — 0-1 — Prague CZE
1908 — Von Bardeleben, Curt vs Spielmann, Rudolf — 0-1 — Duesseldorf GER

13.dxc5 — 19.8% (515 parties)

1924 — Bogoljubow, Efim vs Romanovsky, Pjotr — 1/2-1/2 — Leningrad RUS
1939 — Reshevsky, Samuel vs Adams, Weaver — 1-0 — New York, NY USA
1939 — Tolush, Alexander V vs Lilienthal, Andor — 1-0 — Leningrad RUS
1940 — Boleslavsky, Isaac vs Lilienthal, Andor — 1/2-1/2 — Moscow RUS
1940 — Levenfish, Grigory vs Lilienthal, Andor — 1/2-1/2 — Moscow RUS

13.Nf1 — 5.9% (154 parties)

1907 — Fleishmann vs Liberman Rubinstein, Joseph — 1/2-1/2 — Ostende
1908 — Lasker, Emanuel vs Tarrasch, Siegbert — 1-0 — Munchen wch-m
1908 — Lasker, Emanuel vs Tarrasch, Siegbert — 0-1 — GER
1910 — Koehnlein, Friedrich vs Salwe, Georg H S — 1/2-1/2 — Hamburg GER
1911 — Leonhardt, Paul vs Rubinstein, Akiba — 0-1 — San Sebastian ESP

13.dxe5 — 3.2% (82 parties)

1921 — Saemisch, Friedrich vs Bogoljubow, Efim — 1/2-1/2 — Triberg
1948 — Stanchev, Zachari vs Tsvetkov, Alexandar K — 0-1 — Sofia BUL
1949 — Puc, Stojan vs Bozic, Aleksandar — 1/2-1/2 — Zagreb CRO
1951 — Milev, Zdravko vs Karastoichev, Emil — 1-0 — Bucharest ROU
1951 — Matanovic, Aleksandar vs Milic, Borislav — 1/2-1/2 — Sarajevo BIH

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