Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	—
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	● b2→c3, g2→h3, c3→d4	● a6→b5, d6→c5, d6→e5
Passés	—	—
Majorité	—	—

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	—	● c4 (2v1)
Cases faibles	● e4	—
Centre	● e4 (3v2), ● e5 (2v1)	● d5 (2v1)

Colonnes et diagonales

♔ Blancs

♚ Noirs

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bc1	● Bc1 Non développé (mob. 0)
Bc2	● Bc2 Actif (mob. 4)
Bb7		● Bb7 Actif (mob. 4)
Be7		● Be7 Ok (mob. 1)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Non développées	2 (● c1, ● a1)	1 (● a8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Roqué	● Roqué
Droits de roque	—	—

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	fermé
Ruptures	● c3-c4	● …d6-d5

C97e — Spanish: Closed, Chigorin, 12…Bb7

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.O-O Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 O-O 8.c3 d6 9.h3 Na5 10.Bc2 c5 11.d4 Qc7 12.Nbd2 Bb7 * ○ Trait aux Blancs

Ouverture — Centre fermé

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

abcdefgh

Plan principal. Jeu au centre (rupture c3-c4).

Atouts. Les Blancs s'appuient sur un fou actif en c2.

En contrepartie. Plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le fou c1 et la tour a1).

Plans. Nf1 (47 % des parties) ; d5 (Occuper le centre — 46 % des parties) ; dxe5 (Capture en e5, Occuper le centre — 6 % des parties).

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

hgfedcba

Plan principal. Jeu sur l'aile dame.

Atouts. Les Noirs s'appuient sur un contrôle dominant de c4, un avant-poste en c4 et un fou actif en b7.

Plans. ...cxd4 (Capture en d4, Occuper le centre — 30 % des parties) ; ...Bc8 (Fou actif (mobilité 6) — 25 % des parties) ; ...Rfe8 (9 % des parties) ; ...Rac8 (8 % des parties).

Avantages

Faiblesses

Diagonale active

Plans

Partie
1905 It (Men) Barmen GER – Round 10 – Heilmann, Ernst – 1/2-1/2 – Lasker, Edward – G111 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. d4 Qc7
1947 Warsaw – Round 6 – Boleslavsky, Isaac – 1/2-1/2 – Smyslov, Vladimir – G33 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1948 Karlovy Vary – Round 17 – Steiner, Laszlo – 1-0 – Stulik, Vlastimil – G164 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. h3 d6 9. c3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1949 Budapest-Moscow – Round 5 – Averbakh, Yuri L – 1-0 – Szabo, Ladislav – G36 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1949 Moscow RUS – Round 1 – Ravinsky, Grigory – 0-1 – Lilienthal, Andor – G22 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1949 Zagreb ch YUG – Round 6 – Janosevic, Dragoljub – 1/2-1/2 – Bozic, Aleksandar – G12 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1950 URS Ch sf – Round 3 – Geller, Efim P – 1-0 – Panov, Vasily – G4 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1951 Chigorin Memorial – Round ? – Aronin, Lev – 0-1 – Korchnoi, Viktor – G21 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1951 YUG Ch 6th – Round 4 – Trifunovic, Petar – 1/2-1/2 – Majstorovic, Ljubomir – G19 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1953 JUG Ch – Round 3 – Djurasevic, Bozidar – 1-0 – Nedeljkovic, Srecko M – G4 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1953 Zagreb – Round 13 – Gligorić, Svetozar – 1/2-1/2 – Nedeljkovic, Srecko M – G107 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1957 Sombor – Round 10 – Vukcevich, Milan – 1/2-1/2 – Nedeljkovic, Srecko M – G106 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1957 URS Ch, semi final – Round 17 – Bannik, Anatolij – 0-1 – Shiyanovsky, Vladislav Ivanovich – G157 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1957 Wageningen zt – Round 14 – Dueckstein, Andreas – 1/2-1/2 – Trifunovic, Petar – G63 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1958 Munich olm prel – Round 5 – Tarazi, Andre – 0-1 – Honfi, Karoly – G40 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O b5 6. Bb3 Be7 7. Re1 d6 8. h3 O-O 9. c3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1958 Portoroz Interzonal – Round 3 – Sanguineti, Raúl Carlos – 1/2-1/2 – Cardoso, Radolfo Tan – G28 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1958 URS Ch sf – Round ? – Gipslis, Aivars – 1-0 – Peterson, Andrejs – G66 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O b5 6. Bb3 Be7 7. Re1 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1960 Leipzig olm fin-B – Round 10 – Seth BC – 0-1 – Hoen, Ragnar Harald – G136 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O b5 6. Bb3 Be7 7. Re1 O-O 8. h3 d6 9. c3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1962 Capablanca Memorial – Round 15 – Matanovic, Aleksandar – 1/2-1/2 – Alvarez del Monte, Jose – G154 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1963 POL Ch 20th – Round 5 – Tarnowski, Alfred – 1-0 – Zabierzanski W – G30 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. h3 d6 9. c3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1966 Rio Hondo zt – Round 5 – Aguilera Rocha, Angelina – 1/2-1/2 – Mecking, Henrique – G30 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5

C97e —

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.O-O Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 O-O 8.c3 d6 9.h3 Na5 10.Bc2 c5 11.d4 Qc7 12.Nbd2 Bb7

Les coups candidats

13.d5 — 54.7% (368 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Jovcic, Milan (9x), Barron, Michael (7x), Gereben, Erno (4x), Hackbarth, Wolfgang (3x), Bednarski, Jacek (2x), Honfi, Karoly (2x), Karpov, Anatoly (2x), Andersson, Ulf (2x)

13.Nf1 — 40.7% (274 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Jovcic, Milan (14x), Trifunovic, Petar (4x), Nedeljkovic, Srecko M (4x), Matanovic, Aleksandar (3x), Keres, Paul Petrovich (3x), Niephaus, Walter (3x), Lovric, Dusan (3x), Klaic, Pero (3x)

13.dxe5 — 3.9% (26 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Aronin, Lev (2x), Korchnoi, Viktor (2x), Jovcic, Milan (2x), Nikolic, Branislav (2x), Seth BC (1x), Hoen, Ragnar Harald (1x), Tarnowski, Alfred (1x), Zabierzanski, W. (1x)

13.a4 — 0.3% (2 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Keres, Paul (1x), Unzicker, Ferdinand, Dr. (1x), Jurjo, Miguel (1x), Basil Jobin (1x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	13.d5	13.Nf1	13.dxe5	13.a4
<1800	41	54%	44%	—	—
1800-2200	253	63%	34%	2%	—
2200-2600	103	64%	36%	—	—
2600+	1	100%	—	—	—

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	13.d5	13.Nf1	13.dxe5	13.a4
1950s	58	34%	53%	10%	2%
1960s	58	40%	52%	7%	2%
1970s	63	43%	54%	3%	—
1980s	44	43%	45%	11%	—
1990s	117	60%	36%	4%	—
2000s	179	55%	45%	1%	—
2010s	133	69%	26%	2%	—
2020s	21	90%	10%	—	—

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
13.d5	69%	90%	▲ +21.3%
13.Nf1	26%	10%	▼ -16.8%
13.dxe5	2%	0%	▼ -2.3%
13.a4	0%	0%	+0.0%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Karpov, Anatoly — 2 parties
Tal, Mikhail — 1 partie

Parties historiques

13.d5 — 54.7% (368 parties)

1952 — Bogdanovic, Rajko vs Vukovic, Sava — 1/2-1/2 — Belgrade SRB
1952 — Penrose, Jonathan vs Pachman, Ludek — 1/2-1/2 — Helsinki olm
1953 — Averbakh, Yuri L vs Keres, Paul Petrovich — 1/2-1/2 — Zurich SUI
1953 — Dworzynski, Roman vs Luczynowicz, Waclaw — 1/2-1/2 — Krakow POL
1953 — Kaliwoda, Kurt vs Jezek, Jaroslav — 0-1 — Corr

13.Nf1 — 40.7% (274 parties)

1950 — Geller, Efim P. vs Panov, Vasily — 1-0 — Kiev UKR
1951 — Ivkov, Borislav vs Matanovic, Aleksandar — 1/2-1/2 — Sarajevo BIH
1952 — Klovans, Janis vs Tal, Mikhail — 1-0 — Riga LAT
1953 — Hofmann, Harald vs Doehner, Hans-Juergen — 0-1 — ?
1953 — Lehmann, Heinz vs Teschner, Rudolf — 1-0 — GER-ch

13.dxe5 — 3.9% (26 parties)

1951 — Trifunovic, Petar vs Majstorovic, Ljubomir — 1/2-1/2 — Ljubljana
1951 — Aronin, Lev vs Korchnoi, Viktor — 0-1 — Leningrad RUS
1951 — Aronin, Lev vs Korchnoi, Viktor — 0-1 — Leningrad Chigorin
1956 — Unzicker, Ferdinand, Dr. vs Keres, Paul Petrovich — 1/2-1/2 — Hamburg GER
1957 — Dueckstein, Andreas vs Trifunovic, Predrag — 1/2-1/2 — Wageningen zt

13.a4 — 0.3% (2 parties)

1956 — Keres, Paul vs Unzicker, Ferdinand, Dr. — 1-0 — Hamburg GER
1966 — Jurjo, Miguel vs Basil Jobin — 0-1 — Montreal CAN