Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	—
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	—	—
Passés	—	—
Majorité	—	—

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	—	● b4 (2v0), ● d4 (2v1)
Cases faibles	—	—
Centre	—	● d4 (2v1), ● e4 (1v0)

Colonnes et diagonales

♔ Blancs

♚ Noirs

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bc1	● Bc1 Non développé (mob. 0)
Bb5	● Bb5 Actif (mob. 7)
Bc8		● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 0)
Bf8		● Bf8 Non développé (mob. 5)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Non développées	4 (● b1, ● c1, ● a1, ● h1)	4 (● c8, ● f8, ● a8, ● h8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Au centre	● Au centre
Droits de roque	O-O / O-O-O	O-O / O-O-O

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	fermé
Ruptures	● d2-d4	● …d7-d5

C65a — Spanish: Berlin Defence

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Nf6 * ○ Trait aux Blancs

Ouverture — Centre fermé

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

abcdefgh

Plans. O-O (Mettre le roi en sécurité, connecter les tours — 60 % des parties) ; d3 (Solidifier le centre — 30 % des parties).

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

hgfedcba

Plans. ...Nxe4 (Cavalier centralisé en e4 — 44 % des parties) ; ...Bc5 (Fou actif (mobilité 9), Développer f8 — 30 % des parties) ; ...d6 (Libérer Bc8 — 13 % des parties).

Avantages

Faiblesses

Diagonale active

Plans

Partie
1953 CSR Ch Prague – Round 9 – Fichtl, Jiri – 1/2-1/2 – Stulik, Vlastimil – G56 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nf6 4. Bxc6 dxc6 5. d3 Bd6 6. Nbd2 Be6 7. b3 O-O 8. O-O Nd7 9. Nc4 f5 10. Ng5 Bxc4
1959 UKR Ch – Round 1 – Kostiuchenko, Alexander – 1/2-1/2 – Pogrebissky, Iosif – G8 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nf6 4. Bxc6 dxc6 5. d3 Bd6 6. Bg5 h6 7. Bh4 g5 8. Bg3 Qe7 9. Nbd2 Bg4 10. Qe2 O-O-O
1960 Friendly – Round ? – Collins, Richard Arnold – 1-0 – Moscrop, Brian – G35 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nf6 4. Bxc6 dxc6 5. Nc3 Bg4 6. h3 Bh5 7. g4 Bg6 8. Nxe5 Nxe4 9. Nxe4 Bxe4 10. Qe2 Qd5
1964 Kiev ch-URS – Round 1 – Kortchnoi, V. – 1-0 – Bronstein, Daniel E – G111 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nf6 4. Bxc6 dxc6 5. d3 Bd6 6. Nbd2 Be6 7. b3 Nd7 8. Nc4 Bb4+ 9. Bd2 Bxd2+ 10. Qxd2 Bxc4
1966 Rio Hondo zt – Round 15 – Rubinetti, Jorge – 1-0 – Fabian Godoy, Dhyago Fabricio – G92 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nf6 4. Bxc6 dxc6 5. d3 Nd7 6. O-O Be7 7. Nbd2 O-O 8. Nc4 Bf6 9. b3 Re8 10. Bb2 g6
1966 URS Team Ch – Round 1 – Bronstein, David I – 1/2-1/2 – Bykhovsky, Anatoly A – G64 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nf6 4. Bxc6 dxc6 5. d3 Bg4 6. h3 Bxf3 7. Qxf3 Bb4+ 8. Nd2 Bxd2+ 9. Bxd2 Qd6 10. Qf5 O-O
1968 Sarajevo – Round 7 – Kelecevic, Nedeljko – 1/2-1/2 – Pietzsch, Wolfgang – G54 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nf6 4. Bxc6 dxc6 5. d3 Nd7 6. Nbd2 g6 7. b3 Bg7 8. Bb2 O-O 9. h4 h5 10. Ng5 Qe7
42. Olympiad 2016 – Round 2.1 – Atabayev, Yusup – 0-1 – Kramnik, Vladimir – G79 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nf6 4. Bxc6 dxc6 5. d3 Bd6 6. h3 Be6 7. Nc3 Qe7 8. Qe2 O-O-O 9. Bd2 h6 10. O-O-O Kb8

C65a — Berlin Defense (1953)

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Nf6

Les coups candidats

4.O-O — 59.6% (40403 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Popov, Vladimir Valentinovich (161x), Aleksandrov, Viktor A. (120x), Morcin, Tom (117x), Herzog, Klaus (109x), Vachier-Lagrave, Maxime (88x), ? (80x), Swiatek, Janusz (74x), Almasi, Zoltan (73x)

4.d3 — 30.1% (20391 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Popov, Vladimir Valentinovich (130x), Anand, Viswanathan (115x), Karjakin, Sergey (93x), Caruana, Fabiano (92x), Nakamura, Hikaru (81x), Aleksandrov, Viktor A. (79x), Potrata, Janko (74x), So, Wesley (72x)

4.Nc3 — 4.5% (3045 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Da Silva Filho, Alcindo Luz Bastos (10x), Ishemguzhin, Igor Evgenievich (7x), Pirhala, Ladislav (6x), Jenni, Florian (6x), Thomas, Kevin (5x), Roesiger, Christina (5x), Movsesian, Sergei (5x), Tinture, Laurent (5x)

4.Qe2 — 2.8% (1900 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Tiviakov, Sergei (17x), Cherniaev, Alexander (10x), Mrdja, Milan (8x), Gorbatov, Alexej (7x), Westerinen, Heikki M.J. (6x), Levin, Felix (6x), Meijers, Viesturs (6x), Schlindwein, Rolf (6x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	4.O-O	4.d3	4.Nc3	4.Qe2
<1800	5007	60%	25%	7%	3%
1800-2200	20672	63%	29%	3%	3%
2200-2600	26914	58%	35%	2%	3%
2600+	5140	52%	44%	2%	1%

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	4.O-O	4.d3	4.Nc3	4.Qe2
1950s	283	78%	7%	5%	4%
1960s	524	78%	8%	4%	5%
1970s	978	81%	7%	3%	7%
1980s	1441	81%	8%	3%	4%
1990s	5683	68%	12%	9%	5%
2000s	14628	66%	18%	7%	4%
2010s	30455	56%	36%	3%	2%
2020s	13754	52%	43%	3%	1%

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
4.O-O	56%	52%	▼ -4.8%
4.d3	36%	43%	▲ +7.2%
4.Nc3	3%	3%	▼ -0.7%
4.Qe2	2%	1%	▼ -1.4%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Tal, Mikhail — 10 parties
Anand, Viswanathan — 10 parties
Kasparov, Garry — 10 parties
Karpov, Anatoly — 10 parties
Kramnik, Vladimir — 10 parties
Carlsen, Magnus — 10 parties
Hou, Yifan — 10 parties
Ding, Liren — 10 parties
Gukesh D — 10 parties
Ju, Wenjun — 10 parties
Smyslov, Vladimir — 4 parties

Parties historiques

4.O-O — 59.6% (40403 parties)

1950 — Pietzsch, Wolfgang vs Krause, Kurt — 1/2-1/2 — Soemmerda GER
1950 — Keres Paul Petrovich vs Szabo, Laszlo — 1/2-1/2 — ?
1950 — Keres, Paul Petrovich vs Szabo, Laszlo — 1/2-1/2 — Wch candidates
1950 — Pietzsch, Wolfgang vs Otto, Arnold — 1-0 — Soemmerda GER
1950 — John Bayron Moreno vs Callejo — 1-0 — cr.

4.d3 — 30.1% (20391 parties)

1950 — Blatny, Frantisek vs Calda, R. — 1-0 — Chocen
1950 — Pfeiffer, Gerhard vs Kinzel, Alfred — 1-0 — Berlin GER
1950 — Orbaan, Constant vs Eken, Max — 0-1 — Amsterdam ch-NED
1950 — Orbaan, Constant vs Stumpers, Louis — 1/2-1/2 — Amsterdam ch-NED
1950 — Horowitz, Albert Israel vs Trifunovic, Petar — 1/2-1/2 — USA

4.Nc3 — 4.5% (3045 parties)

1950 — Alexander Tadala vs Bondarevsky, Igor — 1/2-1/2 — Moskou ch-URS
1950 — Kupferstich, Moises vs Trifunovic, Petar — 0-1 — Dubrovnik olm
1950 — Rhodes, Herbert Gibson vs Fairhurst, William — 1/2-1/2 — Buxton
1951 — Lokvenc, Josef vs Pedersen, Erik — 1/2-1/2 — ?
1951 — Lokvenc, Josef vs Pedersen, Eigil — 1/2-1/2 — Marianske Lazne zt

4.Qe2 — 2.8% (1900 parties)

1953 — Bisguier, Arthur B vs Bernstein, Ossip — 1-0 — Paris FRA
1954 — Vlagsma, Chris vs Beni, Alfred — 1-0 — ?
1955 — Vasiukov, Evgeni vs Alenius, Bengt — 1-0 — Lyon FRA
1956 — Zurakhov, Vladlen Y vs Buslaev, Aleksander — 1/2-1/2 — Tbilisi GEO
1957 — Ivkov, Borislav vs Aadhitha Karikalan — 1/2-1/2 — Sombor