C48q — Four Knights: Rubinstein, 5.Ba4 Bc5

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bb5 Nd4 5.Ba4 Bc5 * ○ Trait aux Blancs

Ouverture — Centre fermé

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

abcdefgh

Avantages : case forte b5, case forte d5, Ba4 actif, paire de fous.
Faiblesses adverses : Bc8 enfermé, roi noir au centre, pawn e5 en prise.
Problèmes : roi au centre, Bc1 enfermé, 3 pièces non développées (C1, A1, H1).
Plans :
● O-O — Mettre le roi en sécurité, connecter les tours
● d3 — Libérer Bc1
● h3 — Empêcher ...Bg4
● c3 — Préparer d4

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

hgfedcba

Avantages : case forte d4, Bc5 actif, paire de fous.
Faiblesses adverses : Bc1 enfermé, roi blanc au centre.
Problèmes : roi au centre, Bc8 enfermé, 3 pièces non développées (C8, A8, H8).
Plans :
● O-O — Mettre le roi en sécurité, connecter les tours
● ...d6 — Libérer Bc8
● ...Bg4 — Clouer Nf3
● ...c6 — Rupture
● ...d5 — Rupture

Avantages

Faiblesses adverses

Diagonale active

Plans

Structure de pions

C48q — Rubinstein

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bb5 Nd4 5.Ba4 Bc5

Eval: [+0.15]

Les coups candidats

6.Nxe5 — 60.6% (734 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Ginsburg, Gennadi (7x), Nunn, John D M (6x), Shirov, Alexei (6x), Short, Nigel D (5x), Dervishi, Erald (5x), Speelman, Jon S (4x), Kuehnel, Guenter (4x), Sidenko, Anatoly Viktorovich (4x)

6.d3 — 21.9% (266 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Botvinnik, Mikhail (3x), Kotan, Ladislav (3x), Halasz, Tamas (3x), Pecha, Tomas (3x), ? (2x), Johnson (2x), Zagoriansky, Evgeny (2x), Gruenfeld, Ernst (2x)

6.O-O — 17.0% (206 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Banas, Jan (2x), Lukacs, Peter (2x), Zitek, Adam (2x), Drtina, Milan (2x), Posta, Petr (2x), Meier, Volker (2x), Pirrot, Dieter (2x), Gross, David (2x)

6.Nxd4 — 0.2% (3 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Macko, Michal (1x), Minovsky, Roman (1x), Szenczy, Sandor (1x), Sacerdotali, Sergio (1x), Mergard, Hans-Peter (1x), Popenkov, Aleksandr Petrovich (1x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	6.Nxe5	6.d3	6.O-O	6.Nxd4
<1800	20	45%	30%	25%	—
1800-2200	320	52%	23%	24%	0%
2200-2600	485	62%	23%	14%	—
2600+	37	92%	3%	5%	—

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	6.Nxe5	6.d3	6.O-O	6.Nxd4
1900s	3	—	100%	—	—
1910s	6	17%	83%	—	—
1920s	9	11%	56%	33%	—
1930s	10	70%	30%	—	—
1940s	21	62%	29%	10%	—
1950s	24	62%	21%	17%	—
1960s	30	57%	20%	20%	—
1970s	28	46%	32%	21%	—
1980s	82	73%	17%	10%	—
1990s	380	67%	16%	17%	—
2000s	354	59%	21%	18%	1%
2010s	237	54%	27%	18%	0%
2020s	28	54%	29%	18%	—

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
6.Nxe5	54%	54%	▼ -0.9%
6.d3	27%	29%	▲ +1.6%
6.O-O	18%	18%	+0.1%
6.Nxd4	0%	0%	-0.4%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Botvinnik, Mikhail — 4 parties
Anand, Viswanathan — 1 partie
Carlsen, Magnus — 1 partie
Kasparov, Garry — 1 partie

Parties historiques

6.Nxe5 — 60.6% (734 parties)

1919 — Flamberg, Alexander vs Rubinstein, Akiba — 1/2-1/2 — Warszawa ch-city
1928 — Merenyi, Lajos vs Von Balla, Zoltan — 1/2-1/2 — Budapest HUN
1930 — Havasi, Kornel vs Kmoch, Hans — 1/2-1/2 — Vienna AUT
1932 — Canal, Esteban vs Steiner, Lajos — 0-1 — Budapest HUN
1933 — Canal, Esteban vs Eliskases, Erich — 1/2-1/2 — Kecskemet HUN

6.d3 — 21.9% (266 parties)

1903 — Spielmann, Rudolf vs Marshall, Frank — 1-0 — Monte Carlo MNC
1903 — Tarrasch, Siegbert vs Marshall, Frank — 1-0 — Monte Carlo MNC
1906 — Shoosmith, Hector W vs Blackburne, Joseph — 0-1 — Shrewsbury
1914 — Alekhine, A. vs Bernstein, Olivia — 1/2-1/2 — St Petersburg RUS
1915 — Van Gleder, GJ. vs Olland, Adolf George — 0-1 — Utrecht NED

6.O-O — 17.0% (206 parties)

1920 — Holloway, Edith Martha vs Kostic, Boris — 0-1 — Bromley/ London
1920 — Deutschmann , Max vs Heck, Samuele — 1-0 — Berlin GER
1929 — EliskasesScheinberg vs Bogoljubow, Efim — 0-1 — Innsbruck AUT
1944 — Liublinsky, Victor vs Lilienthal, Andor — 0-1 — Moscow RUS
1946 — Balogh, Janos vs Kluger, Gyula — 0-1 — Budapest HUN

6.Nxd4 — 0.2% (3 parties)

2001 — Macko, Michal vs Minovsky, Roman — 0-1 — ICCF Email
2008 — Szenczy, Sandor vs Sacerdotali, Sergio — 1/2-1/2 — LSS
2010 — Mergard, Hans-Peter vs Popenkov, Aleksandr Petrovich — 0-1 — ICCF

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	—
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	—	—
Passés	—	—
Majorité	—	—

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	● b5 (2v1), ● d5 (2v1)	● d4 (2v1)
Cases faibles	—	—
Centre	● d5 (2v1), ● e5 (1v0)	● d4 (2v1)

Colonnes et diagonales

♔ Blancs

♚ Noirs

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bc1	● Bc1 Non développé (mob. 0)
Ba4	● Ba4 Actif (mob. 4)
Bc5		● Bc5 Actif (mob. 6)
Bc8		● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 0)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Clouages	—	● pawn d7
Non développées	3 (c1, a1, h1)	3 (c8, a8, h8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Au centre !	● Au centre !
Droits de roque	O-O / O-O-O	O-O / O-O-O

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	fermé
Ruptures	● d2-d3	● …c7-c6, ● …d7-d6, ● …d7-d5

Partie
1903 It (Men) Monte Carlo MNC – Round 8 – Spielmann, Rudolf – 1-0 – Marshall, Frank – G37 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. d3 Nxf3+ 7. Qxf3 c6 8. O-O d6 9. Be3 Bxe3 10. fxe3 Bg4
1906 BCF Ch 3rd – Round 5 – Shoosmith, Hector W – 0-1 – Blackburne, Joseph – G8 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. d3 Qe7 7. O-O c6 8. Nxd4 Bxd4 9. Be3 Bb6 10. Qe2 O-O
1914 St Petersburg prel – Round 1 – Alekhine, A. – 1/2-1/2 – Bernstein, Olivia – G14 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. d3 O-O 7. Ne2 d5 8. Nexd4 exd4 9. e5 Ne8 10. Bxe8 Rxe8
1920 Bromley – Round ? – Holloway, Edith Martha – 0-1 – Kostic, Boris – G21 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. O-O O-O 7. d3 d6 8. Nxd4 exd4 9. Ne2 d5 10. Ng3 c6
1920 Moskou ch-URS – Round 15 – Zubarev, Nikolay – 0-1 – Romanovsky, Pjotr – G18 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. d3 O-O 7. Bg5 c6 8. Bb3 h6 9. Bxf6 Qxf6 10. Nxd4 exd4
1928 World Championship Amateur – Round 11 – Matisons, Hermanis – 1/2-1/2 – Becker, Albert – G35 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. d3 O-O 7. Nxd4 Bxd4 8. Bg5 h6 9. Bh4 c6 10. Bb3 d6
1933 Leningrad ch-URS – Round 1 – Sorokin, Nikolay – 1-0 – Rauzer, Vsevolod – G47 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. d3 O-O 7. Bg5 c6 8. O-O h6 9. Bh4 g5 10. Bg3 Nxf3+
1938 It AVRO – Round 1 – Botvinnik, Mikhail – 1/2-1/2 – Fine, Richard Alvaro Adrien – G6 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. Nc3 Nc6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. d3 O-O 7. O-O d6 8. h3 c6 9. Nxd4 Bxd4 10. Ne2 Bb6
1942 Moscow Ch – Round 1 – Zagoriansky, Evgeny – 1/2-1/2 – Ravinsky, Grigory – G55 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. d3 O-O 7. Nxe5 c6 8. Be3 d5 9. O-O Re8 10. Bxd4 Bxd4
1944 Moskou ch-URS – Round 1 – Botvinnik, Mikhail – 1/2-1/2 – Makogonov, Vladimir – G90 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. d3 O-O 7. O-O c6 8. h3 d6 9. Nxd4 Bxd4 10. Ne2 Bb6
1945 URS-sf – Round 15 – Bondarevsky, Igor – 1-0 – Zagoriansky, Evgeny – G64 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. d3 Qe7 7. Nxd4 Bxd4 8. Ne2 Bb6 9. Ng3 O-O 10. Bg5 h6
1946 Hungary – Round 1 – Balogh, Janos – 0-1 – Kluger, Gyula – G25 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. Nc3 Nc6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. O-O O-O 7. d3 d6 8. Nxd4 Bxd4 9. Ne2 Bb6 10. h3 Nh5
1951 Marianske Lazne zt – Round 1 – Lokvenc, Josef – 1/2-1/2 – Pedersen, Ebbe – G73 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nf6 4. Nc3 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. d3 c6 7. O-O d6 8. Nxd4 Bxd4 9. Ne2 Bb6 10. c3 O-O
1952 Hungary Ch – Round 3 – Koberl, Ferenc – 1-0 – Kluger, Gyula – G18 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. d3 O-O 7. Bg5 h6 8. Bh4 g5 9. Bg3 d6 10. Nxd4 Bxd4
1952 SUI-GER – Round 1.10 – Morel, Fernand – 0-1 – Rellstab, Ludwig – G1 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. O-O O-O 7. d3 d6 8. Nxd4 Bxd4 9. Bg5 h6 10. Bxf6 Qxf6
1953 URS-training – Round 7 – Kotov Lundqvist, Alex – 1/2-1/2 – Geller, Efim P – G24 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. d3 O-O 7. O-O d6 8. Nxd4 Bxd4 9. Be3 Bxc3 10. bxc3 c6
1958 Munich olm fin-A – Round 10 – Fichtl, Jiri – 1/2-1/2 – Toran Albero, Roman – G54 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. d3 O-O 7. O-O d6 8. h3 c6 9. Nxd4 Bxd4 10. Ne2 Bb6
1961 Baku ch-URS – Round 1 – Bagirov, Vladimir – 0-1 – Shamkovich, Leonid – G17 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nf6 4. Nc3 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. O-O O-O 7. d3 d6 8. Nxd4 Bxd4 9. Bg5 c6 10. Qd2 h6
1963 Sweden – Round 3 – Horberg, Bengt-Eric – 1-0 – Ek, Hans – G11 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. Nc3 Nc6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. d3 Qe7 7. Nxd4 Bxd4 8. O-O c6 9. Ne2 Bb6 10. Ng3 d6
1964 Tel Aviv olm prel – Round 5 – Geus, William J – 0-1 – Ciocaltea, Victor – G200 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. O-O O-O 7. d3 d6 8. h3 c6 9. Nxd4 Bxd4 10. Ne2 Bb6
1965 Wch women Riga LAT – Round 8 – Gaprindashvili, Nona – 1-0 – Kushnir Aleksandr – G8 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. O-O O-O 7. d3 c6 8. Nxd4 Bxd4 9. Ne2 Bb6 10. Bg5 h6
1966 WchTJ U26 fin-A – Round 10 – Hort, Vlastimil – 1-0 – Zuidema, Coen – G59 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. d3 Nxf3+ 7. Qxf3 O-O 8. Bg5 c6 9. Bb3 Be7 10. h3 d6
1967 Oxford ch-BCF – Round 3 – Hindle, Owen M – 1/2-1/2 – Davie, Alexander M – G34 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. Nc3 Nc6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. O-O Qe7 7. Nxd4 Bxd4 8. d3 O-O 9. Bg5 c6 10. Ne2 Bb6
1967 Paignton Women's International – Round 4 – Gaprindashvili, Nona – 1-0 – Polihroniade, Elisabeta – G6 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. Nc3 Nc6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. d3 Nxf3+ 7. Qxf3 c6 8. h3 d6 9. Bb3 Bb4 10. O-O Bxc3
1968 Buenos Aires – Round 2 – Schweber, Samuel – 1/2-1/2 – Sanguineti, Raúl Carlos – G11 1. e4 Nf6 2. Nc3 e5 3. Nf3 Nc6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. d3 Qe7 7. O-O c6 8. Nxd4 Bxd4 9. Kh1 O-O 10. Ne2 Bb6
1968 Meldorf U26 – Round 11 – Mestrovic, Zvonimir – 1-0 – Held, Paul – G46 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. d3 Qe7 7. Bg5 c6 8. O-O h6 9. Bh4 O-O 10. Nxd4 Bxd4
Moscow 1981 – Round 1 – Torre, Eugenio – 1/2-1/2 – Balashov, Yuri S – G29 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. Nc3 Nc6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. d3 O-O 7. O-O c6 8. Nxd4 exd4 9. Ne2 d5 10. exd5 Nxd5
Moskou 1981 – Round 1 – Torre, Eugenio – 1/2-1/2 – Balashov, Yuri S – G22 1. e4 e5 2. Nc3 Nf6 3. Nf3 Nc6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. d3 O-O 7. O-O c6 8. Nxd4 exd4 9. Ne2 d5 10. exd5 Nxd5

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