C48r — Four Knights: Rubinstein, 5.Ba4 Bc5 6.Nxe5

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bb5 Nd4 5.Ba4 Bc5 6.Nxe5 * ● Trait aux Noirs

Ouverture — Centre semi-ouvert

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

abcdefgh

Plan principal. Attaque sur le roi adverse resté au centre.

Atouts. Les Blancs s'appuient sur une majorité de pions à l'centre (2 contre 1), les cases fortes g4, b5 et d5, un fou actif en a4 et la paire de fous.

Côté adverse. Le fou enfermé en c8 et le roi resté au centre.

En contrepartie. Le roi n'est pas encore à l'abri et plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le fou c1 et les tours a1 et h1).

Plans. O-O (Mettre le roi en sécurité, connecter les tours) ; d3 (Libérer Bc1).

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

hgfedcba

Plan principal. Attaque sur le roi adverse resté au centre.

Atouts. Les Noirs s'appuient sur un fou actif en c5, la paire de fous et la colonne semi-ouverte e.

Côté adverse. Le fou enfermé en c1 et le roi resté au centre.

En contrepartie. Le roi n'est pas encore à l'abri et plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le fou c8 et les tours a8 et h8).

Plans. O-O (Mettre le roi en sécurité, connecter les tours) ; ...c6 (Rupture).

Avantages

Faiblesses adverses

Diagonale active

Plans

Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	—
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	—	—
Passés	—	—
Majorité	● centre 2v1	—

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	● g4 (2v1), ● b5 (2v1), ● d5 (2v1)	—
Cases faibles	—	● d7
Centre	● d5 (2v1)	● d4 (1v0)

Colonnes et diagonales

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Semi-ouvertes	—	● e

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bc1	● Bc1 Non développé (mob. 0)
Ba4	● Ba4 Actif (mob. 4)
Bc5		● Bc5 Actif (mob. 6)
Bc8		● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 0)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Clouages	—	● pawn d7
Non développées	3 (● c1, ● a1, ● h1)	3 (● c8, ● a8, ● h8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Au centre !	● Au centre !
Droits de roque	O-O / O-O-O	O-O / O-O-O

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	semi-ouvert
Ruptures	● d2-d3, ● f2-f3	● …c7-c6, ● …d7-d6, ● …d7-d5

Partie
1904 USA-07.Congress – Round 5 – Kemeny, Matthias – 0-1 – Marshall Viele, Fabrizio Aaron – G13 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bc5 5. Nxe5 Nd4 6. Ba4 O-O 7. Nd3 Bb6 8. e5 Ne8 9. O-O f6 10. Kh1 fxe5
1912 It (Men) San Sebastian ESP – Round 16 – Spielmann, Rudolf – 0-1 – Rubinstein, Akiba – G37 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bc5 5. Nxe5 Nd4 6. Ba4 O-O 7. d3 d5 8. Bg5 c6 9. Qd2 Re8 10. f4 b5
1928 Budapest – Round 1 – Merenyi, Lajos – 1/2-1/2 – Von Balla, Zoltan – G34 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. Nxe5 Qe7 7. Nf3 Nxe4 8. O-O Nxc3 9. bxc3 Nxf3+ 10. Qxf3 O-O
1932 Budapest – Round 1 – Canal, Esteban – 0-1 – Steiner, Lajos – G45 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. Nxe5 O-O 7. Nd3 Bb6 8. Nf4 d6 9. d3 Bg4 10. f3 Nh5
1935 Tatatovaros – Round 12 – Merenyi, Lajos – 0-1 – Szabo, Laszlo – G66 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. Nxe5 O-O 7. d3 d6 8. Nf3 Bg4 9. Be3 Bxf3 10. gxf3 Nh5
1935 Warsaw POL – Round 3 – Book, Eero – 1-0 – Vidmar Milan – G16 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. Nxe5 O-O 7. Nd3 d6 8. Nxc5 dxc5 9. d3 c6 10. Bb3 b5
1938 Hastings3839 – Round 3 – Tylor, Theodore Henry – 0-1 – Milner Barry, Philip – G13 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. Nxe5 O-O 7. Nd3 Bb6 8. e5 Ne8 9. Nd5 d6 10. c3 Qh4
1940 Moskou ch-URS – Round 1 – Botvinnik, Mikhail – 1-0 – Veresov, Gavriil – G107 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. Nxe5 Qe7 7. Nd3 Nxe4 8. O-O Nxc3 9. dxc3 Ne6 10. Nxc5 Qxc5
1947 Essen – Round 1 – Rautenberg, Wilhelm – 0-1 – Wildschuetz – G4 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. Nxe5 O-O 7. Nd3 Bb6 8. Nf4 d5 9. d3 dxe4 10. dxe4 Qe7
1948 GBR-NED match – Round 2.7 – Tylor, Theodore Henry – 0-1 – Vlagsma, Chris – G15 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. Nxe5 O-O 7. Nd3 Bb6 8. e5 Ne8 9. O-O d5 10. exd6 Nxd6
1949 Mar del Plata – Round 11 – Lasker, Edward – 1/2-1/2 – Maderna, Carlos – G100 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. Nxe5 Qe7 7. Nd3 Nxe4 8. O-O Nxc3 9. dxc3 Ne6 10. Nxc5 Qxc5
1949 Mar del Plata – Round 15 – Michel, Pascal – 1-0 – Gentil Le Roux, Loevan – G132 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. Nc3 Nc6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. Nxe5 O-O 7. Nd3 Bb6 8. Nf4 d5 9. d3 Bg4 10. f3 Bh5
1949 Oldenburg – Round ? – Tautvaisas, Povilas – 1-0 – Sarapu, Ortvin – G36 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. Nxe5 O-O 7. Nd3 d6 8. Nxc5 dxc5 9. d3 c6 10. Bb3 a5
1949 Oldenburg – Round 1 – Tautvaisas, Povilas – 1-0 – Sarapuu, Ortwin – G6 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. Nxe5 O-O 7. Nd3 d6 8. Nxc5 dxc5 9. d3 c6 10. Bb3 a5
1950 Interzonal – Round 11 – Rellstab, Ludwig – 0-1 – Kostic, Boris – G18 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. Nxe5 O-O 7. Nd3 Bb6 8. Nf4 c6 9. d3 d5 10. Be3 Re8
1953 Hastings Premier 1952/53 28th – Round 6 – Blau, Max – 0-1 – Lasker, Edward – G18 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. Nxe5 O-O 7. Nd3 Bb6 8. Nf4 d5 9. Nfxd5 Nxe4 10. Nxb6 axb6
1957 Leningrad Ch – Round 16 – Nikitin, Aleksander S – 1/2-1/2 – Stoliar, Efim Samoilovich – G122 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. Nxe5 Qe7 7. Nd3 Nxe4 8. O-O Nxc3 9. bxc3 Ne6 10. Nxc5 Qxc5
1957 Moskou ch-URS – Round 1 – Klaman, Konstantin Mikhailovich – 0-1 – Kholmov, Ratmir D – G20 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. Nxe5 Qe7 7. Nd3 Nxe4 8. O-O Nxc3 9. bxc3 Ne6 10. Kh1 Bd6
1959 HUN Ch 15th – Round 13 – Honfi, Karoly – 0-1 – Kluger, Gyula – G47 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. Nxe5 O-O 7. Nd3 Bb6 8. O-O d5 9. Nxd5 Nxe4 10. Nc3 Nf6
1959 HUN Ch 15th – Round 18 – Honfi, Karoly – 1-0 – Pogats, Jozsef Jr. – G66 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. Nxe5 O-O 7. Nd3 Bb6 8. O-O d5 9. Nxd5 Nxe4 10. Nc3 Nf6
1960 BUL-ch14 Sofia BUL – Round 4 – Hadjipetrov, Alexander – 0-1 – Milev, Zdravko – G16 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. Nxe5 O-O 7. Nd3 Bb6 8. O-O d5 9. Nxd5 Nxd5 10. exd5 Qh4
1961 Oberhausen etc – Round 2 – Fichtl, Jiri – 1-0 – Schuster, Thomas – G76 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. Nxe5 O-O 7. Nd3 Bb6 8. e5 Ne8 9. O-O c6 10. Ne2 d5
1964 Sarajevo 07th – Round 9 – Pachman, Ludek – 1/2-1/2 – Hort, Vlastimil – G19 1. e4 e5 2. Nc3 Nf6 3. Nf3 Nc6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. Nxe5 O-O 7. Nd3 Bb6 8. e5 Ne8 9. O-O d6 10. exd6 Nf6
1966 Corr – Round ? – Dubinin, Peter – 1/2-1/2 – Altshuler, Roman Zinovievich – G12 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. Nxe5 O-O 7. Nd3 Bb6 8. O-O d5 9. Nxd5 Nxe4 10. Ne3 c6
1968 USSR – Round 1 – Estrin, Yakov – 1-0 – Moldavsky, Roman S. – G20 1. e4 Nc6 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. Nc3 e5 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. Nxe5 O-O 7. Nd3 Bb6 8. Nf4 d5 9. d3 dxe4 10. dxe4 Bg4
1969 Nordic Ch Lidkoping SWE – Round 7 – Drimer, Dolfi – 1-0 – Olsson, Ake – G13 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. Nxe5 O-O 7. Nd3 Bb6 8. O-O d5 9. Nxd5 Nxd5 10. exd5 Qh4
1969 USSR – Round 1 – Estrin, Yakov – 1/2-1/2 – Antoshin, Vladimir S – G41 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. Nxe5 O-O 7. Nd3 Bb6 8. Nf4 c6 9. d3 d5 10. Be3 Ng4
Amber Blindfold 2005 – Round 10 – Vallejo Pons, Francisco – 0-1 – Leko, Peter – G44 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. Nxe5 O-O 7. Nd3 Bb6 8. e5 Ne8 9. Nd5 c6 10. Ne3 d5
FIDE WCh KO 2001 – Round 2.2 – Nguyen, Anh Dung – 1/2-1/2 – Tkachiev, Vladislav – G210 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. Nxe5 O-O 7. Nd3 Bb6 8. e5 Ne8 9. O-O d6 10. exd6 Nxd6
FIDE WCh KO 2001 – Round 3.6 – Motylev, Alexander – 1/2-1/2 – Shirov, Alexei – G289 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. Nxe5 O-O 7. Nd3 Bb6 8. e5 Ne8 9. Nd5 d6 10. Ne3 dxe5
FIDE World Blitz Championship 2025 – Round 18 – Erigaisi Arjun – 1-0 – Radjabov Teimour – G342 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 Bg7 4. e4 d6 5. Be2 O-O 6. Bg5 Qe8 7. Nf3 Na6 8. h3 e5 9. d5 Nc5 10. Nd2 a5
It Linares ESP 1992 – Round 11 – Short, Nigel D – 0-1 – Timman, Jan H – G2 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. Nxe5 O-O 7. Nd3 Bb6 8. e5 Ne8 9. Nd5 d6 10. Ne3 Qg5
Makedonia Palace GP 2013 – Round 2.3 – Morozevich, Alexander – 1-0 – Svidler, Peter – G8 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. Nxe5 O-O 7. Nd3 Bb6 8. e5 Ne8 9. Nd5 c6 10. Ne3 d5
Melody Amber, Blindfold, Monaco 1995 – Round 6 – Anand, Viswanathan – 1/2-1/2 – Ivanchuk, Vasyl – G24 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. Nxe5 O-O 7. Nd3 Bb6 8. e5 Ne8 9. Nd5 d6 10. Ne3 c6
Novgorod 1994 – Round 4 – Shirov, Alexei – 1/2-1/2 – Short, Nigel D – G14 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. Nxe5 O-O 7. Nd3 Bb6 8. e5 Ne8 9. Nd5 d6 10. Ne3 dxe5
Saint Louis Blitz 2017 – Round 8.1 – Kasparov, Garry – 1-0 – Dominguez Perez, Leinier – G36 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nf6 4. Nc3 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. Nxe5 O-O 7. Nd3 Bb6 8. e5 Ne8 9. Nd5 c6 10. Ne3 d5
SportAccord Blitz 2014 – Round 17.7 – Ivanchuk, Vasyl – 0-1 – Radjabov, Teimour – G134 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nf6 4. Nc3 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. Nxe5 O-O 7. Nd3 Bb6 8. e5 c6 9. exf6 Re8+ 10. Kf1 Qxf6
World Blitz 2015 – Round 18.22 – Duda, Jacob – 1-0 – Leko, Peter – G1109 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Nd4 5. Ba4 Bc5 6. Nxe5 O-O 7. Nd3 Bb6 8. e5 Ne8 9. O-O d6 10. Re1 Bf5

C48r — Rubinstein

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bb5 Nd4 5.Ba4 Bc5 6.Nxe5

Eval: [+0.10]

Les coups candidats

6…O-O — 88.3% (651 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Ginsburg, Gennadi (7x), Shirov, Alexei (6x), Short, Nigel D (5x), Nunn, John D M (5x), Dervishi, Erald (5x), Speelman, Jon S (4x), Kuehnel, Guenter (4x), Sidenko, Anatoly Viktorovich (4x)

6…Qe7 — 11.0% (81 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Klaman, Konstantin Mikhailovich (2x), Kholmov, Ratmir D (2x), Taylor, Timothy (2x), Paehtz, Elisabeth (2x), Lasker, Edward (1x), Maderna, Carlos (1x), Merenyi, Lajos (1x), Von Balla, Zoltan (1x)

6…c6 — 0.4% (3 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Neimanis, Juris (1x), Dartnell, Dennis R (1x), Schein, Karl-Heinz (1x), Halser, Walter (1x), Arakeljan, Armen M. (1x), Garayev, Murad (1x)

6…b5 — 0.3% (2 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Kuzin, Anton (1x), Eraschenkov, Denis (1x), Kaptsan, Aron (1x), Gentes, Kevin (1x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	6…O-O	6…Qe7	6…c6	6…b5
<1800	9	89%	11%	—	—
1800-2200	167	88%	11%	1%	—
2200-2600	305	89%	10%	0%	1%
2600+	34	100%	—	—	—

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	6…O-O	6…Qe7	6…c6	6…b5
1900s	1	100%	—	—	—
1910s	2	100%	—	—	—
1920s	1	—	100%	—	—
1930s	7	100%	—	—	—
1940s	13	77%	23%	—	—
1950s	15	67%	33%	—	—
1960s	17	88%	12%	—	—
1970s	13	77%	23%	—	—
1980s	60	90%	10%	—	—
1990s	253	89%	11%	0%	—
2000s	211	91%	8%	0%	1%
2010s	129	88%	12%	1%	—
2020s	15	87%	13%	—	—

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
6…O-O	88%	87%	▼ -0.9%
6…Qe7	12%	13%	▲ +1.7%
6…c6	1%	0%	▼ -0.8%
6…b5	0%	0%	+0.0%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Botvinnik, Mikhail — 1 partie
Anand, Viswanathan — 1 partie
Carlsen, Magnus — 1 partie
Kasparov, Garry — 1 partie

Parties historiques

6…O-O — 88.3% (651 parties)

1904 — Kemeny, Matthias vs Marshall Viele, Fabrizio Aaron — 0-1 — St Louis
1912 — Spielmann, Rudolf vs Rubinstein, Akiba — 0-1 — San Sebastian ESP
1919 — Flamberg, Alexander vs Rubinstein, Akiba — 1/2-1/2 — Warszawa ch-city
1930 — Havasi, Kornel vs Kmoch, Hans — 1/2-1/2 — Vienna AUT
1932 — Canal, Esteban vs Steiner, Lajos — 0-1 — Budapest HUN

6…Qe7 — 11.0% (81 parties)

1928 — Merenyi, Lajos vs Von Balla, Zoltan — 1/2-1/2 — Budapest HUN
1940 — Botvinnik, Mikhail vs Veresov, Gavriil — 1-0 — Moskou ch-URS
1947 — Penrose, Jonathan vs Barden, Leonard — 1-0 — Hastings ENG
1949 — Lasker, Edward vs Maderna, Carlos — 1/2-1/2 — Mar del Plata ARG
1953 — Kunze, Klaus vs Otto Arnold — 1/2-1/2 — Jena GER

6…c6 — 0.4% (3 parties)

1997 — Neimanis, Juris vs Dartnell, Dennis R — 1-0 — ?
2005 — Schein, Karl-Heinz vs Halser, Walter — 1-0 — Graz AUT
2018 — Arakeljan, Armen M. vs Garayev, Murad — 0-1 — Tula RUS

6…b5 — 0.3% (2 parties)

2001 — Kuzin, Anton vs Eraschenkov, Denis — 0-1 — Smolensk RUS
2007 — Kaptsan, Aron vs Gentes, Kevin — 1/2-1/2 — Winnipeg CAN