Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	—
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	—	● e6→d5, f7→e6
Passés	—	—
Majorité	—	—

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	● b5 (2v0)	—
Cases faibles	● e4	—
Centre	● d4 (1v0), ● e5 (1v0)	● d5 (3v2), ● e4 (2v1)

Colonnes et diagonales

♔ Blancs

♚ Noirs

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bf1	● Bf1 Non développé (mob. 5)
Bg5	● Bg5 Actif (mob. 7)
Be7		● Be7 Actif (mob. 5)
Bc8		● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 1)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Non développées	4 (● g1, ● f1, ● a1, ● h1)	4 (● b8, ● c8, ● a8, ● h8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Au centre	● Au centre
Droits de roque	O-O / O-O-O	O-O / O-O-O

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	fermé
Ruptures	—	● …e6-e5

C13a — French: Classical

1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 Be7 ○ Trait aux Blancs

Ouverture — Centre fermé

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

abcdefgh

Plans. e5 (Occuper le centre — 92 % des parties) ; Bxf6 (Fou actif (mobilité 5) — 5 % des parties).

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

hgfedcba

Plans. ...Nfd7 (88 % des parties) ; ...Ne4 (Cavalier centralisé en e4 — 3 % des parties).

Avantages

Faiblesses

Diagonale active

Plans

Partie
1900 DSB-12.Kongress – Round 13 – Popiel, Ignacy – 1-0 – Showalter, Jackson – G82 1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Be7 5. Nf3 Nxe4 6. Bxe7 Qxe7 7. Nxe4 dxe4 8. Nd2 f5 9. Bc4 O-O 10. c3 Nd7
1908 Vienna – Round 16 – Cohn, Erich – 0-1 – Tartakower, Savielly – G157 1. d4 e6 2. e4 d5 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Be7 5. exd5 Nxd5 6. Bxe7 Qxe7 7. Bd3 Qb4 8. Ne2 Qxb2 9. Nxd5 exd5 10. O-O O-O
1911 San Sebastian – Round 10 – Schlechter, Carl – 1/2-1/2 – Spielmann, Rudolf – G64 1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Be7 5. exd5 Nxd5 6. Bxe7 Qxe7 7. Qd2 Qb4 8. Nxd5 Qxd2+ 9. Kxd2 exd5 10. Re1+ Kf8
1911 San Sebastian – Round 8 – Schlechter, Carl – 1/2-1/2 – Maroczy, Geza – G47 1. d4 e6 2. e4 d5 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Be7 5. exd5 Nxd5 6. Bxe7 Qxe7 7. Qd2 Qb4 8. Nxd5 Qxd2+ 9. Kxd2 exd5 10. Re1+ Kf8
1913 Debrecen – Round ? – Reti, Richard – 1-0 – Breyer, Gyula – G29 1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Be7 5. exd5 Nxd5 6. Bxe7 Qxe7 7. Qd2 O-O 8. Bd3 Nd7 9. Nf3 b6 10. O-O-O Bb7
1922 Bad Pistyan – Round 11 – Reti, Richard – 1/2-1/2 – Spielmann, Rudolf – G66 1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Be7 5. exd5 Nxd5 6. Bxe7 Qxe7 7. Qd2 Nxc3 8. Qxc3 Nc6 9. Nf3 O-O 10. O-O-O Bd7
1923 Karlsbad – Round 1 – Teichmann, Richard – 1/2-1/2 – Maroczy, Geza – G98 1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Be7 5. exd5 exd5 6. Bd3 O-O 7. Nge2 Nc6 8. O-O Ne8 9. Bxe7 Nxe7 10. Qd2 c6
1928 Budapest – Round 1 – Kmoch, Hans – 1/2-1/2 – Spielmann, Rudolf – G5 1. d4 e6 2. e4 d5 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Be7 5. exd5 Nxd5 6. Bxe7 Qxe7 7. Qd2 Qb4 8. Nxd5 Qxd2+ 9. Kxd2 exd5 10. Re1+ Kf8
1928 The Hague ol (Men) – Round 16 – Frydman, Paulino – 1-0 – Kroone, Gerard – G95 1. d4 e6 2. e4 d5 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Be7 5. exd5 exd5 6. Bd3 c6 7. Nge2 h6 8. Bf4 O-O 9. Qd2 Re8 10. O-O-O b5
1930 Liege – Round 11 – Tartakower, Savielly – 1-0 – Sultan Khan, Mir – G60 1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Be7 5. exd5 exd5 6. Nf3 O-O 7. Bd3 Bg4 8. h3 Bh5 9. g4 Bg6 10. Ne5 c5
1932 London – Round 1 – Maroczy, Geza – 1/2-1/2 – Menchik, Vera Frantsevna – G6 1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Be7 5. exd5 exd5 6. Bd3 Nc6 7. Nge2 Nb4 8. O-O O-O 9. Ng3 Nxd3 10. Qxd3 h6
1932 Mexico City – Round 2 – Brunner, Jan – 0-1 – Araiza Munoz, Jose Joaquin – G4 1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Be7 5. exd5 exd5 6. Bd3 Nc6 7. Nge2 Nb4 8. a3 Nxd3+ 9. Qxd3 c6 10. O-O O-O
1933 Scheveningen – Round 4 – Van Hoorn, Peter – 0-1 – Maroczy, Geza – G8 1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Be7 5. exd5 exd5 6. Bb5+ c6 7. Bd3 O-O 8. Nge2 Ne8 9. h4 Nd6 10. Ng3 Re8
1934 Ujpest – Round 1 – Eliskases, Erich – 1/2-1/2 – Stahlberg, Gideon – G91 1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Be7 5. exd5 exd5 6. Bd3 O-O 7. Nge2 Nc6 8. O-O Bg4 9. f3 Bh5 10. Ng3 Bg6
1939 Buenos Aires ol f-A – Round 15 – De Groot, Adriaan – 1/2-1/2 – Engels, Ludwig – G302 1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Be7 5. exd5 exd5 6. Bd3 c6 7. Nge2 Na6 8. a3 h6 9. Bf4 Nc7 10. Ng3 Ne6
1940 Berlin – Round 2 – Lehmann, Heinz – 0-1 – Bogoljubow, Efim – G8 1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Be7 5. exd5 Nxd5 6. Bxe7 Qxe7 7. Nf3 Qb4 8. a3 Qa5 9. Qd2 Nxc3 10. bxc3 c5
1943 Prague – Round 4 – Saemisch, Friedrich – 1/2-1/2 – Urbanec, Karel – G32 1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Be7 5. exd5 Nxd5 6. Bxe7 Qxe7 7. Qd2 O-O 8. Nf3 Nd7 9. O-O-O c6 10. Bd3 a5
1948 Berlin GER – Round 10 – Richter, Kurt P – 1/2-1/2 – Koch, Berthold – G9 1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Be7 5. exd5 exd5 6. Bd3 O-O 7. Nf3 Nc6 8. h3 h6 9. Be3 Nb4 10. O-O Nxd3
1959 Stevenson Memorial – Round 6 – Hindle, Owen M – 0-1 – Garcia Wood, Cristian – G27 1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Be7 5. exd5 exd5 6. Nf3 O-O 7. Bd3 Nc6 8. h3 h6 9. Be3 Nb4 10. Qd2 Nxd3+
1962 Lasker Memorial Berlin-Ost – Round 15 – Vasiukov, Evgeni – 1/2-1/2 – Enevoldsen, Jens – G74 1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Be7 5. exd5 exd5 6. Nf3 Bf5 7. Bd3 Bxd3 8. Qxd3 c6 9. O-O O-O 10. Rfe1 Nbd7
1966 La Habana olm fin-C – Round 8 – Vyzantiadis, Lazaros – 1/2-1/2 – Heidenfeld, Wolfgang – G50 1. d4 d5 2. Nc3 Nf6 3. Bg5 e6 4. e4 Be7 5. exd5 Nxd5 6. Bxe7 Qxe7 7. Qd2 Nd7 8. Nxd5 exd5+ 9. Qe2 Nf6 10. Qxe7+ Kxe7

C13a — Classical Variation, Normal Variation (1900)

1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 Be7

Les coups candidats

5.e5 — 92.2% (20535 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Gaujens, Artis (105x), Gleizerov, Evgeny (101x), Ulybin, Mikhail (67x), Dehaybe, Andre (61x), Jovanovic, Bratislav M (56x), Dzenis, Janis (46x), Jurkovic, Ante (32x), ? (31x)

5.Bxf6 — 5.4% (1207 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Camarero Izquierdo, Juan Carlos (7x), Roy Chowdhury, Saptarshi (6x), Richter, Kurt (5x), Doberitz, Paul (5x), Ljubicic, Filip (4x), Rechel, Ralf (4x), Grott, Peter (4x), Wall, Bill (4x)

5.exd5 — 1.5% (334 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Kuenzner, Franz (3x), Slugin, Sergey (3x), Schmittdiel, Eckhard (3x), Kobas, Adnan (2x), Hansen, Soren Bech (2x), Malisauskas, Vidmantas (2x), Letelier Martner, Rene (2x), Ferron Garcia, Carlos (2x)

5.Bd3 — 0.4% (96 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Methi, Harald (2x), Hyde, John David Beardsmo (1x), Cameron, Fletcher (1x), Sanchez Almeyra, Jorge (1x), Arranz Penalba, Sergio (1x), Danielsson, Harri (1x), Kemppi, Timo (1x), Samp, Jim (1x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	5.e5	5.Bxf6	5.exd5	5.Bd3
<1800	1837	89%	7%	1%	1%
1800-2200	10279	92%	6%	1%	0%
2200-2600	5832	95%	3%	1%	0%
2600+	87	100%	—	—	—

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	5.e5	5.Bxf6	5.exd5	5.Bd3
1950s	273	87%	12%	0%	0%
1960s	350	91%	7%	1%	—
1970s	370	91%	6%	1%	1%
1980s	961	92%	7%	1%	0%
1990s	4265	91%	6%	2%	0%
2000s	6855	91%	6%	2%	1%
2010s	7831	94%	4%	1%	0%
2020s	1356	94%	3%	2%	1%

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
5.e5	94%	94%	+0.4%
5.Bxf6	4%	3%	▼ -0.8%
5.exd5	1%	2%	+0.3%
5.Bd3	0%	1%	+0.2%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Hou, Yifan — 8 parties
Tal, Mikhail — 2 parties
Anand, Viswanathan — 2 parties
Kasparov, Garry — 1 partie

Parties historiques

5.e5 — 92.2% (20535 parties)

1950 — Gaebler, Collin vs Walther, Edgar — 1/2-1/2 — cr.
1950 — Pfeiffer, Gerhard vs Guimard, Carlos E — 1-0 — Dubrovnik olm
1950 — Pfeiffer, Gerhard vs Collet, Hugo — 1-0 — Dubrovnik olm
1950 — Bronstein, David I vs Stahlberg, Gideon — 0-1 — Budapest HUN
1950 — Szily, Jozsef vs Berczy, Robert — 1-0 — Budapest HUN

5.Bxf6 — 5.4% (1207 parties)

1950 — Richter, Kurt vs Koch, Berthold — 1-0 — Berlin GER
1950 — Richter, Kurt vs Vogel III, Frank C — 1-0 — Berlin GER
1950 — Kampman, Tijmen vs Haefner Esmie — 0-1 — ?
1950 — Richter, Kurt vs Darga, Klaus — 1-0 — Berlin GER
1950 — Paoli, Enrico vs Ferrantes, Giovanni — 0-1 — ?

5.exd5 — 1.5% (334 parties)

1959 — Hindle, Owen M vs Wood, Baruch — 0-1 — Bognor Regis
1961 — Flores Alvarez, Rodrigo vs Letelier Martner, Rene — 1/2-1/2 — Santiago de Chile
1962 — Vasiukov, Evgeni vs Enevoldsen, Jens — 1/2-1/2 — Lasker mem Berlin-Ost
1966 — Vyzantiadis, Lazaros vs Heidenfeld, Wolfgang — 1/2-1/2 — Havana CUB
1968 — Nuenchert, Eveline vs Zura, Jutta — 1/2-1/2 — Zinnowitz zt women

5.Bd3 — 0.4% (96 parties)

1955 — Hyde, John David Beardsmo vs Cameron, Fletcher — 1-0 — Hastings ENG
1972 — Stokes, Paul C vs Peterson, Janet — 0-1 — Berkeley
1972 — Bauroc, D. vs Steers, R. — 1-0 — Los Angeles, CA USA
1973 — Samp, Jim vs Doernberg, Dan — 1-0 — Cincinnati
1974 — Danielsson, Harri vs Kemppi, Timo — 1-0 — ?

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