A81g — Dutch: 2.g3 e6 3.Nf3 Nf6

1.d4 f5 2.g3 e6 3.Nf3 Nf6 * ○ Trait aux Blancs

Ouverture — Centre mobile

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

abcdefgh

Plans. Bg2 (Fianchetto, fou sur la grande diagonale — 96 % des parties) ; c4 (Frapper le centre adverse — 3 % des parties).

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

hgfedcba

Plans. ...d5 (Occuper le centre — 46 % des parties) ; ...Be7 (Fou actif (mobilité 5), Développer f8 — 46 % des parties).

Avantages

Faiblesses

Diagonale active

Plans

Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	—
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	● f2→g3, h2→g3	● e6→f5, d7→e6
Passés	—	—
Majorité	—	—

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	● f4 (2v0), ● e5 (2v0), ● g5 (2v0)	● e4 (2v0), ● g4 (2v0), ● d5 (2v0)
Cases faibles	—	—
Centre	● d4 (2v0), ● e5 (2v0)	● d5 (2v0), ● e4 (2v0)

Colonnes et diagonales

♔ Blancs

♚ Noirs

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bc1	● Bc1 Non développé (mob. 5)
Bf1	● Bf1 Non développé (mob. 2)
Bc8		● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 0)
Bf8		● Bf8 Non développé (mob. 5)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Non développées	5 (● b1, ● c1, ● f1, ● a1, ● h1)	5 (● b8, ● c8, ● f8, ● a8, ● h8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Au centre	● Au centre
Droits de roque	O-O / O-O-O	O-O / O-O-O

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	mobile
Ruptures	● d4-d5, ● e2-e4	● …c7-c5, ● …e6-e5, ● …f5-f4

Partie
1925 Moscow – Round 1 – Gruenfeld, Ernst – 1/2-1/2 – Bohatyrchuk, Fedir Parfenovych – G28 1. d4 e6 2. Nf3 f5 3. g3 Nf6 4. Bg2 c5 5. dxc5 Bxc5 6. O-O Nc6 7. c4 O-O 8. Nc3 d6 9. Na4 Qe7 10. a3 a5
1927 London – Round 3 – Buerger, Victor – 1/2-1/2 – Tartakower, Savielly – G13 1. d4 e6 2. Nf3 f5 3. g3 Nf6 4. Bg2 c5 5. O-O cxd4 6. Nxd4 Nc6 7. c4 Bc5 8. Nb3 Be7 9. Nc3 d6 10. e4 e5
1927 Moskou ch-URS – Round 2 – Rauzer, Vsevolod – 1-0 – Kaspersky, Anton Antonovich – G6 1. d4 e6 2. Nf3 f5 3. g3 Nf6 4. Bg2 Nc6 5. O-O Be7 6. c4 d6 7. d5 exd5 8. cxd5 Nb8 9. Nd4 O-O 10. Qc2 g6
1932 Berlin Ch – Round 1 – Saemisch, Friedrich – 1/2-1/2 – John Wilhelm – G1 1. d4 f5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. g3 e6 4. Bg2 c5 5. O-O Nc6 6. c4 cxd4 7. Nxd4 Bc5 8. Nb3 Be7 9. Nc3 O-O 10. Bf4 d6
1933 Folkestone Olympiad 5th – Round 13.24 – Devos, Paul – 0-1 – Mueller, Hans – G112 1. d4 e6 2. Nf3 f5 3. g3 Nf6 4. Bg2 d6 5. O-O Nc6 6. c4 e5 7. dxe5 dxe5 8. Qxd8+ Kxd8 9. Nc3 Be6 10. b3 Bc5
1936 Olympiad (unofficial) – Round 19 – Tsvetkov, Alexandar K – 0-1 – Krogius, Ragnar – G134 1. Nf3 e6 2. d4 f5 3. g3 Nf6 4. Bg2 d5 5. Ne5 Nbd7 6. Nxd7 Bxd7 7. Bg5 c5 8. e3 Be7 9. O-O Qb6 10. b3 cxd4
1936 Trade Unions – Round 1 – Tolush, Alexander – 1-0 – Pimenov, Aleksandr – G8 1. d4 e6 2. Nf3 f5 3. g3 Nf6 4. Bg2 Be7 5. O-O O-O 6. b3 Qe8 7. c4 Qh5 8. Ne1 Ng4 9. h3 Nh6 10. Nd3 g5
1937 Ostende – Round 5 – Koltanowski, George – 1/2-1/2 – Keres, Paul – G25 1. d4 e6 2. Nf3 f5 3. g3 Nf6 4. Bg2 c5 5. c4 cxd4 6. Nxd4 Be7 7. O-O O-O 8. Nc3 Nc6 9. Nc2 b6 10. Bf4 Bb7
1941 Lasker Memorial – Round ? – Levin Astorga, Nicolas Daniel – 0-1 – Steiner, Herman – G21 1. Nf3 f5 2. d4 Nf6 3. g3 e6 4. Bg2 Be7 5. O-O O-O 6. c3 d6 7. Re1 Qe8 8. Qc2 Nc6 9. Nbd2 e5 10. dxe5 dxe5
1941 Mar del Plata – Round 1 – Winz, Victor – 1-0 – Engels, Ludwig – G7 1. d4 f5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. g3 e6 4. Bg2 c5 5. O-O Be7 6. c4 cxd4 7. Nxd4 O-O 8. Nc3 Nc6 9. e4 g6 10. exf5 gxf5
1946 Nt Augsburg GER – Round 12 – Palme, Rudolf – 1-0 – Ozols, Karlis – G24 1. d4 e6 2. Nf3 f5 3. g3 Nf6 4. Bg2 c6 5. O-O Bd6 6. Bf4 Bc7 7. Bxc7 Qxc7 8. c4 d6 9. Qb3 O-O 10. Nc3 d5
1947 Moscow – Round 1 – Zagoriansky, Evgeny – 1-0 – Simagin, Vladimir – G6 1. d4 e6 2. Nf3 f5 3. g3 Nf6 4. Bg2 Be7 5. O-O O-O 6. b3 d6 7. Bb2 Qe8 8. Nbd2 a5 9. a3 a4 10. b4 b5
1947 Moscow Ch – Round ? – Zagoriansky, Evgeny – 0-1 – Bronstein, David I – G40 1. d4 e6 2. Nf3 f5 3. g3 Nf6 4. Bg2 Bb4+ 5. Nbd2 O-O 6. O-O Nc6 7. Ne1 Bxd2 8. Qxd2 d6 9. b3 Qe8 10. Bb2 Bd7
1947 URS-ch15 – Round 5 – Kan, Ilya A – 1/2-1/2 – Bronstein, David I – G7 1. Nf3 e6 2. d4 f5 3. g3 Nf6 4. Bg2 Bb4+ 5. Bd2 Bxd2+ 6. Nbxd2 O-O 7. O-O d6 8. c3 Nc6 9. Qb3 Kh8 10. Nc4 Ne4
1949 Budapest-Moscow – Round 8 – Tipary, Lajos – 1/2-1/2 – Bronstein, David I – G55 1. d4 e6 2. Nf3 f5 3. g3 Nf6 4. Bg2 Bb4+ 5. Bd2 Bxd2+ 6. Nbxd2 O-O 7. O-O Nc6 8. c3 d6 9. Qb3 Kh8 10. Rad1 Qe8
1950 URS Ch sf – Round ? – Averbakh, Yuri L – 1-0 – Goldberg, Grigory A – G16 1. d4 e6 2. Nf3 f5 3. g3 Nf6 4. Bg2 c5 5. c4 cxd4 6. Nxd4 Be7 7. Nc3 a6 8. O-O Qc7 9. e4 g6 10. exf5 gxf5
1954 Leningrad ch22-SU sf – Round 16 – Kholmov, Ratmir D – 1/2-1/2 – Lisitsin, Georgy – G49 1. d4 e6 2. Nf3 f5 3. g3 Nf6 4. Bg2 Be7 5. O-O O-O 6. Nbd2 c6 7. b3 a5 8. a3 d5 9. c4 Ne4 10. Bb2 Nd7
1954 Montevideo – Round 14 – Bauza, Lorenzo – 1-0 – Trompowsky, Octávio – G104 1. d4 f5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. g3 e6 4. Bg2 d5 5. O-O c6 6. b3 Be7 7. Nbd2 O-O 8. Ne5 Nbd7 9. Nd3 Qe8 10. e3 b6
1954 URS Ch, semi final – Round 1 – Kotov Lundqvist, Alex – 1-0 – Pimenov, Serafim – G18 1. d4 e6 2. Nf3 f5 3. g3 Nf6 4. Bg2 c5 5. c4 cxd4 6. Nxd4 Nc6 7. O-O a6 8. Nc3 Bc5 9. Nc2 d6 10. e4 e5
1956 Mar del Plata ARG – Round 5 – Bolbochan, J. – 0-1 – San Martin Sanguinetti, Vicente – G6 1. d4 f5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. g3 e6 4. Bg2 Be7 5. O-O O-O 6. b3 a5 7. a3 Na6 8. Bb2 b5 9. Ne5 Rb8 10. d5 Rb6
1958 Asztalos Memorial 1st – Round 8 – Troianescu, Octav – 1/2-1/2 – Plater, Kazimierz – G16 1. d4 f5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. g3 e6 4. Bg2 Be7 5. O-O O-O 6. b3 a5 7. c4 a4 8. bxa4 d5 9. cxd5 Nxd5 10. Ba3 Bd7
1958 Wageningen Caldex – Round 4 – Flohr, Salo – 1-0 – Roessel, Frits – G9 1. Nf3 f5 2. d4 Nf6 3. g3 e6 4. Bg2 Be7 5. O-O O-O 6. b3 a5 7. a4 b6 8. Ne5 c6 9. Nd2 Bb7 10. e4 d5
1960 Ljubljana – Round 3 – Udovcic, Mijo – 1-0 – Knezevic, Milorad – G30 1. d4 f5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. g3 e6 4. Bg2 Be7 5. O-O O-O 6. b3 Qe8 7. Nbd2 Qh5 8. Re1 d5 9. Ne5 Nbd7 10. Nd3 g5
1960 Olympiad prel I – Round 6 – Damjanovic, Mato – 1-0 – Raisa, Unto – G17 1. d4 f5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. g3 e6 4. Bg2 Be7 5. O-O O-O 6. b3 d5 7. Bb2 c6 8. Ne5 Bd7 9. Nxd7 Nbxd7 10. Nd2 Qe8
1962 Hungary – Round 1 – Flesch, János – 1-0 – Filep, Tibor – G14 1. Nf3 e6 2. g3 f5 3. d4 Nf6 4. Bg2 Be7 5. O-O O-O 6. b3 a5 7. Nbd2 d6 8. Bb2 Qe8 9. Ne1 Nc6 10. Nd3 Nb4
1962 Zuerich Seniors – Round ? – Szabados, Eugenio – 1/2-1/2 – Grob, Henry – G13 1. d4 e6 2. Nf3 f5 3. g3 Nf6 4. Bg2 a6 5. c4 Bb4+ 6. Bd2 Qe7 7. O-O Bxd2 8. Qxd2 O-O 9. Nc3 Ne4 10. Nxe4 fxe4
1963 Budapest – Round 1 – Gasztonyi, Endre – 1-0 – Csanady, Zsombor – G10 1. d4 e6 2. Nf3 f5 3. g3 Nf6 4. Bg2 Be7 5. O-O O-O 6. b3 Qe8 7. Bb2 Qh5 8. Ne5 d6 9. Nd3 g5 10. Nd2 d5
1963 Luzern Clare Benedic – Round ? – Darga, Klaus – 1-0 – Dueckstein, Andreas – G4 1. d4 e6 2. Nf3 f5 3. g3 Nf6 4. Bg2 Be7 5. O-O O-O 6. Nc3 d5 7. Bf4 b6 8. Nb5 Ne8 9. c4 Bb7 10. cxd5 exd5
1963 Nt Helmbrechts GER – Round 13 – Clemens, Christian, Dr. – 1/2-1/2 – Ellrich, Paul – G54 1. Nf3 f5 2. d4 Nf6 3. g3 e6 4. Bg2 Be7 5. O-O O-O 6. b3 d6 7. Bb2 Qe8 8. Qd3 Qg6 9. Nbd2 Nbd7 10. a4 Ne4
1963 Split ol women – Round 9 – Steedman, Peggy – 0-1 – Lazarevic, Milunka – G32 1. Nf3 f5 2. d4 Nf6 3. g3 e6 4. Bg2 Be7 5. O-O O-O 6. Nbd2 d6 7. b3 e5 8. dxe5 dxe5 9. Bb2 e4 10. Ne5 Bc5
1964 Moscow Ch – Round ? – Yudovich, Mikhail M – 1-0 – Gusev, Yuri S – G29 1. d4 e6 2. Nf3 f5 3. g3 Nf6 4. Bg2 d5 5. O-O Bd6 6. c4 O-O 7. b3 b6 8. Ba3 Nbd7 9. Qc2 Qe7 10. Bb2 Ba6
1965 Hamburg etc – Round 1 – Udovcic, Mijo – 1-0 – Stanciu, Teodora-Elena – G14 1. d4 f5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. g3 e6 4. Bg2 Be7 5. O-O O-O 6. b3 d6 7. Bb2 Qe8 8. Nbd2 a5 9. a4 Qh5 10. e3 g5
1966 Havana – Round 3 – Andersen, Borge – 1-0 – Marin Price, Armand – G31 1. d4 f5 2. Nf3 e6 3. g3 Nf6 4. Bg2 Be7 5. O-O O-O 6. b3 d6 7. Bb2 Qe8 8. Nbd2 Qh5 9. Ne1 g5 10. Nd3 Qh6
1967 Asztalos Memorial 10th – Round 8 – Johansson, Martin 1979 – 0-1 – Flesch, Janos – G40 1. d4 f5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. g3 e6 4. Bg2 Be7 5. O-O O-O 6. b3 a5 7. a3 d6 8. Bb2 Qe8 9. Nbd2 Qh5 10. e3 Nbd7
1967 Monte Carlo-B – Round ? – Gereben, Erno – 1-0 – Letzelter, Jean-Claude – G27 1. d4 e6 2. Nf3 f5 3. g3 Nf6 4. Bg2 Be7 5. b3 O-O 6. O-O c6 7. Ba3 d6 8. c4 a5 9. Nc3 Na6 10. e3 Nb4
1967 Reggio Emilia ITA – Round 11 – Navarovszky, Laszlo – 1-0 – Mariotti, Sergio – G18 1. d4 f5 2. Nf3 e6 3. g3 Nf6 4. Bg2 Be7 5. O-O O-O 6. Ne5 d5 7. b3 c6 8. Bb2 Nbd7 9. Nd3 Bd6 10. Nd2 g5
1967 Sochi – Round 15 – Kotov Lundqvist, Alex – 0-1 – Simagin, Vladimir – G116 1. d4 f5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. g3 e6 4. Bg2 Bb4+ 5. c3 Be7 6. O-O O-O 7. Nbd2 Qe8 8. Ne5 d6 9. Nd3 Nc6 10. b4 a6
1967 URS Team Ch – Round 1 – Shahtahtinsky, Alekper – 0-1 – Katalymov, Boris – G14 1. d4 e6 2. Nf3 f5 3. g3 Nf6 4. Bg2 Be7 5. O-O O-O 6. Nbd2 d5 7. Ne5 Nbd7 8. Nd3 c5 9. c3 a5 10. Nf3 a4
1967 Venice Venice ITA – Round 5 – Lengyel, Levente – 1-0 – Canal, Esteban – G18 1. Nf3 f5 2. d4 e6 3. g3 Nf6 4. Bg2 Nc6 5. O-O b6 6. c4 Bb7 7. Nc3 Qc8 8. d5 Nd8 9. e4 fxe4 10. Ng5 Bb4
1968 Lugano olm - Round 1 - Lengyel, Laszlo - 1/2-1/2 - Padevsky, Nikola - G343 1. d4 f5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. g3 e6 4. Bg2 Be7 5. O-O O-O 6. b3 Qe8 7. Bb2 a5 8. a3 b6 9. Ne5 d5 10. c4 c6
1969 OWL Ch – Round 2 – Spilker, Friedhelm – 1/2-1/2 – Groenegress, Wilfried – G4 1. d4 f5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. g3 e6 4. Bg2 Be7 5. O-O O-O 6. Bg5 Qe8 7. Bxf6 Bxf6 8. c3 d6 9. Qb3 Kh8 10. Nbd2 d5
1972 San Antonio – Round 13 – Petrosian, Tigran V. – 1-0 – Larsen, Bent – G34 1. d4 e6 2. Nf3 f5 3. g3 Nf6 4. Bg2 b5 5. Ne5 c6 6. Nd2 Qb6 7. e4 Qxd4 8. Nef3 Qc5 9. exf5 Qxf5 10. O-O Nd5
Biel Interzonal 1993 – Round 7 – Ftacnik, Lubomir – 1-0 – Agdestein, Simen – G156 1. d4 e6 2. Nf3 f5 3. g3 Nf6 4. Bg2 d5 5. O-O Bd6 6. c4 O-O 7. b3 a5 8. Ba3 Nc6 9. Bxd6 cxd6 10. Nc3 dxc4
World Blitz 2015 – Round 20.77 – Seel, Christian, Dr. – 1/2-1/2 – Agdestein, Simen – G1281 1. d4 e6 2. Nf3 f5 3. g3 Nf6 4. Bg2 d5 5. O-O Bd6 6. b3 Qe7 7. c4 c6 8. Bb2 b6 9. Qc1 Bb7 10. Ba3 Nbd7

A81g — Dutch (1925)

1.d4 f5 2.g3 e6 3.Nf3 Nf6

Les coups candidats

4.Bg2 — 96.4% (7544 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Naumkin, Igor (41x), Williams, Simon K (38x), Gleizerov, Evgeny (36x), Karlsson, Lars 1937 (25x), Vaisser, Anatoli (24x), Lyell, Mark (20x), Ulybin, Mikhail (15x), Agdestein, Simen (14x)

4.c4 — 2.7% (213 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Friedrich, Wolfgang (2x), Orolin, Ján (2x), Almarza Mato, Carlos (2x), Nielsen, Axel (1x), Pedersen, Eigil (1x), Parak, Frantisek (1x), Jezek, Jaroslav (1x), Bergraser, Volf (1x)

4.Bg5 — 0.6% (46 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Eugenio, Sarah De Oliveira (1x), Grob, Henry (1x), Pallas Muino, Jesus (1x), Delta S (1x), Falco, Gerardo (1x), Sosa Macho, Federico (1x), Jack, Lisakhanya (1x), Brodie, Hugh (1x)

4.Nbd2 — 0.1% (7 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Sandor, Jozsef (1x), Kahan, Robert (1x), Hermida Araujo, Lino (1x), Vazquez Alfonsin, Luis Alberto (1x), Bolle, Dietrich (1x), Keusch, Horst (1x), Soto Martin, Miguel (1x), Rodriguez Valero, Martin Jose (1x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	4.Bg2	4.c4	4.Bg5	4.Nbd2
<1800	363	93%	3%	2%	0%
1800-2200	3274	96%	3%	1%	0%
2200-2600	3104	98%	2%	0%	—
2600+	32	97%	3%	—	—

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	4.Bg2	4.c4	4.Bg5	4.Nbd2
1950s	180	98%	2%	1%	—
1960s	154	100%	—	—	—
1970s	171	99%	1%	—	—
1980s	536	97%	2%	1%	—
1990s	1539	97%	2%	1%	0%
2000s	1985	96%	3%	1%	0%
2010s	2620	96%	3%	0%	0%
2020s	638	95%	4%	1%	—

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
4.Bg2	96%	95%	▼ -1.2%
4.c4	3%	4%	▲ +1.3%
4.Bg5	0%	1%	+0.3%
4.Nbd2	0%	0%	-0.2%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Botvinnik, Mikhail — 3 parties
Karpov, Anatoly — 3 parties
Kasparov, Garry — 2 parties
Carlsen, Magnus — 2 parties
Tal, Mikhail — 1 partie
Kramnik, Vladimir — 1 partie
Anand, Viswanathan — 1 partie
Gukesh D — 1 partie

Parties historiques

4.Bg2 — 96.4% (7544 parties)

1950 — Averbakh, Yuri L vs Goldberg, Grigory A — 1-0 — Tula RUS
1950 — Miguel, Nahuel vs Ivkov, Borislav — 1-0 — Bled SLO
1950 — O'Kelly de Galway, Alberic vs Donner, Jan-Hein — 1-0 — Amsterdam NED
1950 — Fridstein, German vs Korchnoi, Viktor — 1-0 — Tula RUS
1950 — Ricci, Giorgio vs Staldi, Cherubino — 0-1 — Sorrento ITA

4.c4 — 2.7% (213 parties)

1956 — Nielsen, Axel vs Pedersen, Eigil — 1/2-1/2 — Copenhagen DEN
1956 — Parak, Frantisek vs Jezek, Jaroslav — 0-1 — Marianske Lazne
1958 — Bergraser, Volf vs Prins, Lodewijk — 1/2-1/2 — Munich GER
1972 — Borisenko, Georgy K vs Shishov, Mikhail — 1-0 — Volokolamsk
1981 — Natsis, Trifon vs Hinteregger, Arthur — 0-1 — WchT U26 Graz AUT

4.Bg5 — 0.6% (46 parties)

1952 — Eugenio, Sarah De Oliveira vs Grob, Henry — 0-1 — Lausanne SWZ-ITA
1987 — Pallas Muino, Jesus vs Delta S — 1-0 — ?
1987 — Jack, Lisakhanya vs Brodie, Hugh — 0-1 — Ottawa CAN
1988 — Falco, Gerardo vs Sosa Macho, Federico — 0-1 — Uruguay
1990 — Sinai, Gerard vs Tibensky, Robert — 0-1 — Cannes op2 Cannes FRA

4.Nbd2 — 0.1% (7 parties)

1998 — Sandor, Jozsef vs Kahan, Robert — 0-1 — HUN
2001 — Hermida Araujo, Lino vs Vazquez Alfonsin, Luis Alberto — 1-0 — ?
2009 — Bolle, Dietrich vs Keusch, Horst — 0-1 — Berlin GER
2010 — Ofstad, Per vs Jokic, Miljenko — 1-0 — Rijeka CRO
2014 — Soto Martin, Miguel vs Rodriguez Valero, Martin Jose — 1-0 — Madrid ESP

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