A31g — English: Symmetrical, Two Knights

1.c4 c5 2.Nf3 Nf6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 * ● Trait aux Noirs

Ouverture — Centre semi-ouvert

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

abcdefgh

Avantages : majorité aile_dame (3v2), case forte b5, paire de fous, colonne d.
Faiblesses adverses : Bc8 enfermé, Bf8 enfermé, roi noir au centre.
Problèmes : roi au centre, Bc1 enfermé, Bf1 enfermé, 5 pièces non développées (B1, C1, F1, A1, H1).
Plans :
● O-O — Mettre le roi en sécurité, connecter les tours
● e4 — Centre d4+e4, menace e5, libère Bf1
● Nc3 — Développer Nb1
● Bg5 — Clouer Nf6
● Rd — Tour sur colonne d

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

hgfedcba

Avantages : majorité centre (2v1), paire de fous, colonne c.
Faiblesses adverses : Bc1 enfermé, Bf1 enfermé, roi blanc au centre.
Problèmes : roi au centre, Bc8 enfermé, Bf8 enfermé, 5 pièces non développées (B8, C8, F8, A8, H8).
Plans :
● O-O — Mettre le roi en sécurité, connecter les tours
● ...d6 — Libérer Bc8
● ...Nc6 — Développer Nb8
● ...Bd6 — Développer Bf8
● ...d5 — Rupture

Avantages

Faiblesses adverses

Diagonale active

Plans

Structure de pions

A31g — Symmetrical Two Knights

1.c4 c5 2.Nf3 Nf6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4

Eval: [+0.12]

Les coups candidats

4…e5 — 35.4% (5604 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Bellon Lopez, Juan Manuel (17x), Raetsky, Alexander (16x), Burnett, Jim (12x), Lesiege, Alexandre (11x), Heinig, Wolfram, Dr. (11x), Ritter, Uwe (9x), Rogers, Ian (9x), Kovacs, Arthur Dr. (8x)

4…Nc6 — 23.0% (3648 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Matulovic, Milan (8x), Gheorghiu, Florin (8x), Geller, Efim P. (7x), Raetsky, Alexander (6x), Plat, Vojtech (6x), Vasiukov, Evgeni (5x), Janosevic, Dragoljub (5x), Browne, Walter Shawn (5x)

4…e6 — 15.7% (2488 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Rashkovsky, Nukhim N (17x), Quinteros, Miguel A. (17x), Alburt, Lev (14x), Doda, Zbigniew (11x), Szmetan, Jorge (11x), Adamski, Jan (11x), Knaak, Rainer (10x), Gheorghiu, Florin (9x)

4…b6 — 10.5% (1657 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Gheorghiu, Florin (8x), Ljubojevic, Ljubomir (7x), Arsovic, Zoran (7x), Kasparov, Sergey (7x), Hausner, Ivan (7x), Debarnot, Roberto (6x), Sergeev, Vladimir (6x), Erdelyi, Tamas Dr (6x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	4…e5	4…Nc6	4…e6	4…b6
<1800	372	38%	28%	9%	3%
1800-2200	5464	38%	26%	10%	8%
2200-2600	6571	35%	20%	18%	15%
2600+	235	14%	32%	34%	7%

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	4…e5	4…Nc6	4…e6	4…b6
1920s	21	5%	19%	10%	33%
1930s	46	2%	46%	13%	4%
1940s	30	7%	37%	20%	3%
1950s	110	5%	38%	32%	3%
1960s	202	3%	40%	34%	4%
1970s	781	7%	21%	44%	10%
1980s	1241	35%	13%	27%	14%
1990s	3005	42%	18%	15%	10%
2000s	4361	39%	22%	12%	10%
2010s	5160	35%	27%	11%	11%
2020s	886	35%	31%	13%	8%

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
4…e5	35%	35%	-0.3%
4…Nc6	27%	31%	▲ +3.5%
4…e6	11%	13%	▲ +1.8%
4…b6	11%	8%	▼ -2.6%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Tal, Mikhail — 10 parties
Kasparov, Garry — 10 parties
Smyslov, Vladimir — 9 parties
Carlsen, Magnus — 8 parties
Alekhine, Alexander — 7 parties
Kramnik, Vladimir — 6 parties
Hou, Yifan — 5 parties
Ju, Wenjun — 5 parties
Karpov, Aleksandr — 4 parties
Euwe, Max — 3 parties
Anand, Viswanathan — 2 parties
Karpov, Anatoly — 1 partie
Botvinnik, Mikhail — 1 partie

Parties historiques

4…e5 — 35.4% (5604 parties)

1929 — Capablanca, Jose vs De La Torre Huertas, Carlos — 1-0 — Barcelona, Spain
1937 — Tims Collins, Francis George vs Kitto, Francis E A — 1-0 — City of London CC
1945 — Mugridge, Donald vs Fine, Reuben — 0-1 — New York, NY USA
1948 — Konstantinopolsky, Alexander vs Taimanov, Mark — 1/2-1/2 — Moskou ch-URS
1954 — Scherbakoff, Georges vs Czerniak, Moshe — 1/2-1/2 — Paris FRA

4…Nc6 — 23.0% (3648 parties)

1924 — Michell, Reginald vs Blake, Joseph — 1/2-1/2 — Southport ENG
1925 — De La Torre Huertas, Carlos vs Alekhine, Alexander — 1/2-1/2 — Baden-Baden GER
1927 — Sergieev, Alexander vs Kubbel, Arvid — 1/2-1/2 — Leningrad tt
1927 — Schmitt, Ludwig vs Machate, Gottlieb — 1-0 — Gleiwitz
1930 — Rejfir, Josef vs Prokop, Frantisek — 1/2-1/2 — Mnichovo Hradiste

4…e6 — 15.7% (2488 parties)

1927 — Reti, Richard vs Norman, George — 1/2-1/2 — Hastings ENG
1928 — Alamo Romano, Juan Francisco vs Palau, Luis — 1/2-1/2 — Mar del Plata ARG
1930 — Nimzowitsch, Aron vs Rubinstein, Akiba — 0-1 — San Remo ITA
1931 — Alekhine, Alexander vs Steiner, Endre — 1-0 — Praag olm
1933 — Kunert, Helmut vs Spielmann, Rudolf — 1-0 — Ebensee

4…b6 — 10.5% (1657 parties)

1925 — Alekhine, Alexander vs Saemisch, Friedrich — 1-0 — Baden-Baden GER
1925 — Alekhine, Alexander vs Saemisch, Friedrich — 1-0 — Baden-Baden GER
1928 — Blanco Cruz, Wara vs Batista Grau, Ricardo — 1/2-1/2 — Mar del Plata ARG
1928 — Kmoch, Hans vs Steiner, Endre — 1/2-1/2 — Wenen Trebitsch
1928 — Engel, Jindrich vs Steiner, Endre — 1-0 — Trencianske Teplice SVK

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	—
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	—	—
Passés	—	—
Majorité	● aile_dame 3v2	● centre 2v1

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	● b5 (2v0)	—
Cases faibles	—	—
Centre	● d4 (1v0)	● e4 (1v0)

Colonnes et diagonales

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Semi-ouvertes	● d	● c

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bc1	● Bc1 Non développé (mob. 5)
Bf1	● Bf1 Non développé (mob. 0)
Bc8		● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 0)
Bf8		● Bf8 Non développé (mob. 0)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Non développées	5 (b1, c1, f1, a1, h1)	5 (b8, c8, f8, a8, h8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Au centre !	● Au centre !
Droits de roque	O-O / O-O-O	O-O / O-O-O

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	semi-ouvert
Ruptures	● c4-c5, ● e2-e3, ● f2-f3	● …d7-d6, ● …d7-d5, ● …e7-e6, ● …e7-e5

Partie
1929 Karlsbad – Round 1 – Menchik, Vera Frantsevna – 0-1 – Rubinstein, Akiba – G170 1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 d5 5. cxd5 a6 6. a3 Nxd5 7. g3 e5 8. Nc2 Bc5 9. Bg2 Be6 10. O-O Nc6
1935 Buenos Aires – Round 9 – Villegas, Benito – 1/2-1/2 – da Silva Rocha, Adhemar – G72 1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 d5 5. cxd5 Nxd5 6. e4 Nb4 7. Qa4+ N8c6 8. Nxc6 Nxc6 9. Nc3 Bd7 10. Be3 e6
1937 Bad Elster – Round 8 – Bluemich, Max – 1/2-1/2 – Rellstab, Ludwig – G27 1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 d5 5. cxd5 Nxd5 6. e4 Nb4 7. Be3 N8c6 8. Nxc6 Qxd1+ 9. Kxd1 Nxc6 10. Nc3 Bd7
1939 Bad Oeynhausen ch-GER – Round 12 – Kieninger, Georg – 1-0 – Rellstab, Ludwig – G82 1. c4 c5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 d5 5. cxd5 Nxd5 6. a3 g6 7. e4 Nc7 8. Nc3 Bg7 9. Be3 O-O 10. Bc4 Nd7
1939 Bad Oeynhausen ch-GER – Round 15 – Heinicke, Herbert – 1-0 – Gilg, Karl – G102 1. c4 c5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 d5 5. cxd5 Nxd5 6. e4 Nb4 7. Bb5+ Bd7 8. Bc4 N8c6 9. Nxc6 Bxc6 10. Qb3 e6
1939 Prague olm qual – Round 1 – Kottnauer, Cenek – 1/2-1/2 – Louma, Josef – G1 1. c4 c5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 d5 5. cxd5 Nxd5 6. e4 Nb4 7. Na3 e5 8. Bb5+ N8c6 9. Nxc6 Qxd1+ 10. Kxd1 bxc6
1940 Rakovnik – Round 1 – Zíta, František – 0-1 – Louma, Jiri – G1 1. c4 c5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 d5 5. cxd5 Nxd5 6. e4 Nb4 7. Qa4+ N8c6 8. Nxc6 Nxc6 9. Be3 Bd7 10. Nc3 e6
1942 Chocen NT – Round ? – Kottnauer, Cenek – 1-0 – Zita, Frantisek – G16 1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 d5 5. cxd5 Nxd5 6. e3 e6 7. Be2 Be7 8. O-O O-O 9. Bd2 e5 10. Nf3 Nc6
1944 Brno ch CZE – Round 9 – Opocensky, Karel – 1/2-1/2 – Pachman, Ludek – G14 1. Nf3 c5 2. c4 Nf6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 d5 5. cxd5 Nxd5 6. Nb5 Qa5+ 7. N1c3 Nxc3 8. Nxc3 e5 9. g3 Nc6 10. Bg2 Be6
1945 Ljubljana Liberation – Round 5 – Pachman, Ludek – 1/2-1/2 – Gligoric, Svetozar – G13 1. c4 Nf6 2. Nf3 c5 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 d5 5. cxd5 Nxd5 6. e4 Nb4 7. Qa4+ N4c6 8. Nxc6 Nxc6 9. Be3 g6 10. Nc3 Bg7
1946 New York ch-USA – Round 1 – Levin, Jerome A – 1/2-1/2 – Pinkus, Albert – G14 1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 d5 5. cxd5 Nxd5 6. e4 Nc7 7. Nc3 e5 8. Ndb5 Qxd1+ 9. Nxd1 Nxb5 10. Bxb5+ Bd7
1949 URS Ch, semi final – Round 6 – Sokolsky, Alexey – 1-0 – Bastrikov, Georgy – G45 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. Nf3 cxd4 4. Nxd4 d5 5. cxd5 Qxd5 6. Nc3 Qa5 7. g3 e5 8. Nb3 Qc7 9. Bg2 Bd7 10. O-O Bc6
1954 CSR Ch – Round 5 – Pithart, Frantisek – 1/2-1/2 – Zíta, František – G36 1. c4 Nf6 2. Nf3 c5 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 d5 5. cxd5 Nxd5 6. e4 Nc7 7. Bf4 e5 8. Bxe5 Bb4+ 9. Nc3 O-O 10. Qf3 Re8
1957 OWL Ch – Round 7 – Hantke Rolf – 1/2-1/2 – Josting, Friedel – G16 1. c4 c5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 d5 5. cxd5 Nxd5 6. e3 e6 7. Be2 Be7 8. O-O O-O 9. a3 Bd7 10. e4 Nb6
1959 Buenos Aires Ch – Round 7 – Incutto, Carlos – 1/2-1/2 – Palermo, Vicente – G26 1. c4 Nf6 2. d4 c5 3. Nf3 cxd4 4. Nxd4 d5 5. cxd5 Nxd5 6. e4 Nc7 7. Bc4 e5 8. Qa4+ Bd7 9. Qb3 Qe7 10. Nf5 Qb4+
1963 POL Ch 20th – Round 15 – Sliwa, Bogdan – 1-0 – Manasterski, Lutoslaw – G90 1. c4 c5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 d6 5. Nc3 g6 6. e4 Bg7 7. Be2 O-O 8. O-O Na6 9. Be3 Nc5 10. f3 Re8
1964 FRG Ch qual 9th – Round 3 – Hund, Gerhard – 1/2-1/2 – Huebner, Robert – G9 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. Nf3 cxd4 4. Nxd4 d5 5. cxd5 Nxd5 6. Qa4+ Bd7 7. Qb3 Nb6 8. e4 g6 9. Be3 Bg7 10. a4 Nc6
1964 Hoogovens-B – Round 10 – Kramer, Hanspeter – 1/2-1/2 – Van Geet, Dirk Daniel – G34 1. d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 c5 3. c4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 d5 5. cxd5 Nxd5 6. e4 Nb4 7. Qa4+ N8c6 8. Nxc6 Nxc6 9. Be3 e6 10. Nc3 Bd7
1967 YUG Ch 22th – Round 5 – Ivkov, Borislav – 1/2-1/2 – Kovacevic, Vlatko – G20 1. c4 c5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 d5 5. cxd5 Qa5+ 6. Nc3 Nxd5 7. Bd2 e5 8. Rc1 Nxc3 9. Rxc3 Qd8 10. Nb5 Nc6 1/2-1/2
1969 Luhacovice – Round 7 – Smejkal, Jakub – 1-0 – Beni, Alfred – G59 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. Nf3 cxd4 4. Nxd4 d5 5. cxd5 Nxd5 6. g3 e5 7. Nb3 Bb4+ 8. Bd2 Nc6 9. Bg2 Be6 10. O-O O-O
1975 URS Team Ch – Round 5 – Mikenas, Vladas – 0-1 – Kapengut, Albert – G97 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. Nf3 cxd4 4. Nxd4 a6 5. Nc3 d5 6. cxd5 Nxd5 7. Bd2 e5 8. Nf3 Nc6 9. Qa4 Nb6 10. Qc2 Be7
5. Sinquefield Cup 2017 – Round 8.1 – Anand, Viswanathan – 1/2-1/2 – Vachier-Lagrave, Maxime – G36 1. Nf3 c5 2. c4 Nf6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 d5 5. cxd5 Nxd5 6. e4 Nb4 7. Bb5+ Bd7 8. Bc4 N8c6 9. Nxc6 Nxc6 10. O-O e6
Bugojno 1986 – Round 1 – Timman, Jan H – 1-0 – Miles, Anthony J – G2 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. Nf3 cxd4 4. Nxd4 d5 5. cxd5 Nxd5 6. e4 Nc7 7. Bf4 Ne6 8. Bb5+ Nc6 9. Nxe6 Qxd1+ 10. Kxd1 Bxe6
Bugojno 1986 – Round 13 – Timman, Jan H – 1-0 – Miles, Anthony J – G58 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. Nf3 cxd4 4. Nxd4 d5 5. cxd5 Nxd5 6. e4 Nc7 7. Bf4 Ne6 8. Bb5+ Nc6 9. Nxe6 Qxd1+ 10. Kxd1 Bxe6
FIDE World Cup 2025 – Round QF Classical 1 – Nodirbek Yakubboev – 1-0 – Donchenko Alexander – G636 1. d4 d5 2. c4 dxc4 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. e3 e6 5. Bxc4 c5 6. O-O Be7 7. dxc5 Qxd1 8. Rxd1 Bxc5 9. Nc3 O-O 10. Be2 Nc6
FIDE World Cup 2025 – Round R5 Rapid 1 – Harikrishna Pentala – 1/2-1/2 – Martinez Alcantara Jose Eduardo – G626 1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 d5 5. cxd5 Nxd5 6. e4 Nf6 7. Nc3 e5 8. Bb5+ Bd7 9. Bxd7+ Qxd7 10. Nc2 Qxd1+
World Blitz 2016 – Round 13.23 – Vallejo Pons, Francisco – 1-0 – Pantsulaia, Levan – G519 1. d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 c5 3. c4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 a6 5. g3 Qc7 6. Nd2 e5 7. Nc2 Qc6 8. e4 Bc5 9. Bg2 d6 10. O-O h5
World Blitz 2019 – Round 15.38 – Gelfand, Boris – 0-1 – Khusnutdinov, Rafael – G1014 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. Nf3 cxd4 4. Nxd4 a6 5. Nc3 d5 6. Nb3 e6 7. g3 Nc6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Bg2 Be6 10. O-O Be7
World Rapid 2019 – Round 3.42 – Andreikin, Dmitry – 1-0 – Khusnutdinov, Rafael – G186 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. Nf3 cxd4 4. Nxd4 a6 5. g3 d5 6. Bg2 dxc4 7. O-O e5 8. Nc2 Qxd1 9. Rxd1 Nc6 10. Bg5 Be6

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