A31n — English: Symmetrical, Two Knights, 4…b6

1.c4 c5 2.Nf3 Nf6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 b6 5.Nc3 Bb7 * ○ Trait aux Blancs

Ouverture — Centre mobile

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

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Plans. f3 (Poussée — 64 % des parties) ; Bg5 (Fou actif (mobilité 7), Développer c1 — 27 % des parties).

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

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Plans. ...d6 (Solidifier le centre, libérer le fou — 37 % des parties) ; ...e6 (Solidifier le centre, libérer le fou — 32 % des parties) ; ...a6 (Préparer expansion aile dame — 15 % des parties) ; ...Nc6 (Développer b8 — 6 % des parties) ; ...g6 (Préparer le fianchetto — 5 % des parties).

Avantages

Faiblesses

Diagonale active

Plans

Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	—
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	—	● a7→b6
Passés	—	—
Majorité	● aile dame 3v2	—

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	● b5 (3v0)	● e4 (2v1)
Cases faibles	—	● d5
Centre	● d4 (1v0)	● e4 (2v1)

Colonnes et diagonales

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Semi-ouvertes	● d	● c

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bc1	● Bc1 Non développé (mob. 5)
Bf1	● Bf1 Non développé (mob. 0)
Bb7		● Bb7 Actif (mob. 7)
Bf8		● Bf8 Non développé (mob. 0)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Non développées	4 (● c1, ● f1, ● a1, ● h1)	4 (● b8, ● f8, ● a8, ● h8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Au centre	● Au centre
Droits de roque	O-O / O-O-O	O-O / O-O-O

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	mobile
Ruptures	● c4-c5	● …d7-d5

Partie
1925 Baden-Baden – Round 11 – Alekhine, Alexander – 1-0 – Saemisch, Friedrich – G129 1. c4 c5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 b6 5. Nc3 Bb7 6. Bg5 Ne4 7. Nxe4 Bxe4 8. f3 Bb7 9. e4 f6 10. Be3 Nc6
1925 Baden-Baden GER – Round ? – Alekhine, Alexander – 1-0 – Saemisch, Friedrich – G7 1. c4 c5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 b6 5. Nc3 Bb7 6. Bg5 Ne4 7. Nxe4 Bxe4 8. f3 Bb7 9. e4 f6 10. Be3 Nc6
1929 Karlsbad – Round 1 – Menchik, Vera Frantsevna – 0-1 – Canal, Esteban – G162 1. Nf3 c5 2. c4 Nf6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 b6 5. Nc3 Bb7 6. Bg5 Ne4 7. Nxe4 Bxe4 8. f3 Bb7 9. e4 g6 10. Be2 Bg7
1932 Swinemunde – Round 1 – Moritz, Bruno – 0-1 – Mieses, Jacques – G2 1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. Nc3 b6 4. d4 cxd4 5. Nxd4 Bb7 6. f3 g6 7. e4 d6 8. Be3 Bg7 9. Be2 O-O 10. Qd2 Nbd7
1942 Chocen – Round ? – Dobias, Josef – 0-1 – Hromadka, Karel – G47 1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 b6 3. Nc3 c5 4. d4 cxd4 5. Nxd4 Bb7 6. f3 Nc6 7. e4 g6 8. Be3 Bg7 9. Be2 O-O 10. Qd2 Rc8
1955 CSR Ch – Round 7 – Kozma, Julius – 1/2-1/2 – Fichtl, Jiri – G57 1. Nf3 Nf6 2. d4 c5 3. c4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 b6 5. Nc3 Bb7 6. f3 Nc6 7. Nc2 e6 8. e4 Bc5 9. Be3 O-O 10. Be2 Qe7
1956 URS Ch sf – Round ? – Rovner, Dmitry – 1/2-1/2 – Stoliar, Efim Samoilovich – G7 1. c4 c5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 b6 5. Nc3 Bb7 6. Bg5 e6 7. e4 h6 8. Bh4 g5 9. Bg3 Nxe4 10. Be5 f6
1964 CAN-op – Round 9 – Marchand, Erich W – 1-0 – Sarosy, Zoltan L – G15 1. c4 Nf6 2. Nf3 c5 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 b6 5. Nc3 Bb7 6. f3 g6 7. e4 d6 8. Be2 Bg7 9. Be3 Nc6 10. O-O O-O
1966 OWL Ch – Round 10 – Werner, Stephan – 1-0 – Meseberg, Willi – G39 1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 b6 5. Nc3 Bb7 6. f3 g6 7. e4 d6 8. Be3 Nbd7 9. Be2 Bg7 10. O-O Rc8
1967 Moscow – Round 1 – Smyslov, Vladimir – 1/2-1/2 – Botvinnik, Mikhail – G1 1. c4 c5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. Nc3 b6 4. d4 cxd4 5. Nxd4 Bb7 6. Bg5 d6 7. f3 Nbd7 8. e4 e6 9. Qd2 a6 10. Be2 Be7
1967 Palma de Mallorca – Round 12 – Medina-Garcia, Antonio – 1-0 – Matulovic, Milan – G87 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. Nf3 cxd4 4. Nxd4 b6 5. Nc3 Bb7 6. f3 d6 7. e4 e6 8. Be3 Nbd7 9. Be2 Be7 10. O-O O-O
1969 YUG Ch 24th – Round 3 – Stupica, Janez – 0-1 – Planinec, Albin – G7 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. Nf3 cxd4 4. Nxd4 b6 5. Nc3 Bb7 6. f3 d6 7. e4 Nbd7 8. Be2 e6 9. O-O Be7 10. b3 O-O
1970 Vinkovci – Round 12 – Hort, Vlastimil – 1/2-1/2 – Minic, Dragoljub – G28 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. Nf3 cxd4 4. Nxd4 b6 5. Nc3 Bb7 6. f3 d6 7. e4 e6 8. Be2 Be7 9. O-O O-O 10. Be3 Nbd7
1975 URS Team Ch – Round ? – Khasin, Alexander – 1/2-1/2 – Zheliandinov, Viktor – G530 1. Nf3 c5 2. c4 Nf6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 b6 5. Nc3 Bb7 6. f3 Nc6 7. e4 e6 8. Be3 Be7 9. Be2 O-O 10. O-O Qb8
Amber Rapid 2006 – Round 4 – Nielsen, Peter Heine – 1-0 – Aronian, Levon – G15 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. Nf3 cxd4 4. Nxd4 b6 5. Nc3 Bb7 6. f3 e6 7. e4 d6 8. Be3 a6 9. Be2 Nbd7 10. O-O Be7
Bugojno 1980 – Round 5 – Polugaevsky, Lev – 1-0 – Ljubojevic, Ljubomir – G20 1. Nf3 c5 2. c4 Nf6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 b6 5. Nc3 Bb7 6. f3 d6 7. e4 Nbd7 8. Be2 e6 9. O-O Be7 10. Be3 O-O
Dortmund 1992 – Round 7 – Ivanchuk, Vasyl – 1-0 – Adams, Michael – G34 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. Nf3 cxd4 4. Nxd4 b6 5. Nc3 Bb7 6. f3 d6 7. e4 e6 8. Be2 a6 9. O-O Nbd7 10. Be3 Be7
FIDE World Cup 2019 – Round 1.1 – McShane, Luke J – 1/2-1/2 – Delgado Ramirez, Neuris – G61 1. Nf3 c5 2. c4 b6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Bb7 5. Nc3 Nf6 6. Bg5 Nc6 7. e3 a6 8. Be2 e6 9. O-O Be7 10. Rc1 O-O
Moskou ch-URS 1973 – Round 1 – Taimanov, Mark E – 1-0 – Tal, Mikhail – G31 1. d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 c5 3. c4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 b6 5. Nc3 Bb7 6. f3 Nc6 7. e4 e6 8. Be3 Qb8 9. Qd2 Bc5 10. Be2 O-O
Niksic 1978 – Round 7 – Hort, Vlastimil – 1/2-1/2 – Ljubojevic, Ljubomir – G18 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. Nf3 cxd4 4. Nxd4 b6 5. Nc3 Bb7 6. f3 e6 7. e4 d6 8. Be3 Nbd7 9. Be2 Be7 10. Qd2 a6
Novi Sad olm 1990 – Round 8 – Stohl, Igor – 1/2-1/2 – Yudasin, Leonid – G51 1. Nf3 c5 2. c4 Nf6 3. Nc3 b6 4. d4 cxd4 5. Nxd4 Bb7 6. f3 d6 7. e4 Nbd7 8. Be3 e6 9. Qd2 a6 10. Be2 Rc8
Petropolis Interzonal 1973 – Round 16 – Panno, Oscar – 1/2-1/2 – Smyslov, Vassily – G71 1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. Nc3 b6 4. d4 cxd4 5. Nxd4 Bb7 6. f3 e6 7. e4 Bc5 8. Nc2 O-O 9. Be3 d5 10. cxd5 exd5
Phillips&Drew 1980 – Round 8 – Stean, Michael F – 1/2-1/2 – Gheorghiu, Florin – G20 1. c4 c5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. Nc3 b6 4. d4 cxd4 5. Nxd4 Bb7 6. f3 d6 7. e4 e6 8. Be2 Be7 9. O-O O-O 10. Be3 a6
Riga Interzonal 1979 – Round 15 – Tal, Mikhail – 1/2-1/2 – Adorjan, Andras – G41 1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 b6 5. Nc3 Bb7 6. Bg5 Nc6 7. e4 e6 8. Nxc6 dxc6 9. Qf3 Bd6 10. Rd1 Qe7
Riga Interzonal 1979 – Round 4 – Polugaevsky, Lev – 1-0 – Acosta Rodriguez, Ramon David – G9 1. c4 c5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 b6 5. Nc3 Bb7 6. f3 Nc6 7. e4 e6 8. Be3 Be7 9. Be2 O-O 10. O-O d6
Tata Steel India Blitz 2019 – Round 13.5 – Saini Vidit – 1-0 – Aronian, Levon – G64 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. Nf3 cxd4 4. Nxd4 b6 5. Nc3 Bb7 6. f3 a6 7. e4 e6 8. Be2 Qc7 9. Be3 Bd6 10. g3 Nc6
USA Ch 2016 – Round 11.5 – Xiong, Jeffery – 1/2-1/2 – Shabalov, Alexander – G64 1. d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 c5 3. c4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 b6 5. Nc3 Bb7 6. f3 d6 7. e4 e6 8. Be2 Nbd7 9. Be3 Be7 10. O-O O-O

A31n — Symmetrical, Two Knights (1925)

1.c4 c5 2.Nf3 Nf6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 b6 5.Nc3 Bb7

Les coups candidats

6.f3 — 63.9% (1298 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Gheorghiu, Florin (11x), Stohl, Igor (8x), Pogorelov, Ruslan (7x), Ljubojevic, Ljubomir (6x), Kasparov, Sergey (6x), Ivanov, Igor V. (5x), Hort, Vlastimil (4x), Pomar Salamanca, Arturo (4x)

6.Bg5 — 26.9% (547 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Psakhis, Lev (6x), Rashkovsky, Nukhim N (3x), Kavalek, Lubomir (3x), Lerner, Konstantin Z (3x), Plaskett, H James (3x), Luukkonen, Tommi (3x), Raetsky, Alexander (3x), Hausner, Ivan (3x)

6.Qc2 — 2.7% (54 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Sikorski, Thomas (2x), Napolitano, Mario (1x), Leepin, Peter (1x), Porth, Dietmar (1x), Matern, Roland (1x), Cox, Jacques (1x), Van Wely, Loek (1x), Julliard, David (1x)

6.Bf4 — 2.2% (44 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Kamuhangire, Silver (2x), Fatyga, Henryk (1x), Polakowski, Jan (1x), Andersson, Tor (1x), Berg, Klaus (1x), Khonji, Hameed (1x), Day, Lawrence A. (1x), Borg, Andrew (1x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	6.f3	6.Bg5	6.Qc2	6.Bf4
<1800	38	47%	34%	5%	3%
1800-2200	561	52%	31%	6%	3%
2200-2600	1274	71%	25%	1%	1%
2600+	24	96%	4%	—	—

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	6.f3	6.Bg5	6.Qc2	6.Bf4
1950s	3	33%	33%	33%	—
1960s	7	57%	43%	—	—
1970s	83	59%	40%	1%	—
1980s	247	66%	28%	2%	2%
1990s	367	69%	22%	1%	3%
2000s	585	63%	29%	2%	2%
2010s	643	63%	25%	4%	2%
2020s	96	59%	27%	5%	4%

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
6.f3	63%	59%	▼ -3.6%
6.Bg5	25%	27%	▲ +1.9%
6.Qc2	4%	5%	▲ +1.2%
6.Bf4	2%	4%	▲ +2.3%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Karpov, Anatoly — 3 parties
Tal, Mikhail — 2 parties
Smyslov, Vladimir — 1 partie
Botvinnik, Mikhail — 1 partie
Carlsen, Magnus — 1 partie
Ju, Wenjun — 1 partie

Parties historiques

6.f3 — 63.9% (1298 parties)

1955 — Kozma, Julius vs Fichtl, Jiri — 1/2-1/2 — Prague CZE
1964 — Marchand, Erich W vs Sarosy, Zoltan L — 1-0 — Scarborough CAN
1966 — Werner, Stephan vs Meseberg, Willi — 1-0 — Detmold
1967 — Medina-Garcia, Antonio vs Matulovic, Milan — 1-0 — Palma de Majorca ESP
1969 — Stupica, Janez vs Planinec, Albin — 0-1 — Novi Travnik

6.Bg5 — 26.9% (547 parties)

1956 — Rovner, Dmitry vs Stoliar, Efim Samoilovich — 1/2-1/2 — Leningrad RUS
1967 — Borja, Meliton vs De Castro, Edgar — 1/2-1/2 — Manila PHI
1967 — Smyslov, Vladimir vs Botvinnik, Mikhail — 1/2-1/2 — Moscow RUS
1969 — De Lange, Daan vs Alcorta, Martinez Leopoldo — 1-0 — Nordic-ch Lidkoping SWE
1970 — Peresipkin, Vladimir vs Beliavsky, Alexander G — 0-1 — Sukhumi GEO

6.Qc2 — 2.7% (54 parties)

1954 — Napolitano, Mario vs Leepin, Peter — 1/2-1/2 — Lucerne SUI
1977 — Porth, Dietmar vs Matern, Roland — 1-0 — Zell
1980 — Vukovic, Ivo vs Damljanovic, Branko — 0-1 — Skender Vakuf
1982 — Julliard, David vs Adler, Joel — 0-1 — Sas van Gent NED
1986 — Cox, Jacques vs Van Wely, Loek — 0-1 — Oss OSV IC

6.Bf4 — 2.2% (44 parties)

1985 — Andersson, Tor vs Berg, Klaus — 0-1 — Kopenhagen open
1986 — Khonji, Hameed vs Day, Lawrence A. — 0-1 — Dubai olm
1987 — Fatyga, Henryk vs Polakowski, Jan — 1-0 — Chorzow
1988 — Borg, Andrew vs Kamuhangire, Silver — 0-1 — Thessaloniki GRE
1988 — Kamuhangire, Silver vs Antonio, Rogelio Jr — 0-1 — Thessaloniki olm

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