A31a — English: Symmetrical, Two Knights, 4…Nc6

1.c4 c5 2.Nf3 Nf6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nc6 * ○ Trait aux Blancs

Ouverture — Centre semi-ouvert

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

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Atouts. Les Blancs s'appuient sur une majorité de pions à l'aile_dame (3 contre 2), la case forte b5, la paire de fous et la colonne semi-ouverte d.

Côté adverse. Les fous enfermés en c8 et f8 et le roi resté au centre.

En contrepartie. Le roi n'est pas encore à l'abri et plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le cavalier b1, les fous c1 et f1 et les tours a1 et h1).

Plans. O-O (Mettre le roi en sécurité, connecter les tours) ; e4 (Centre d4+e4, menace e5, libère Bf1) ; Nc3 (Développer Nb1) ; Bg5 (Clouer Nf6) ; Tour sur colonne d.

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

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Atouts. Les Noirs s'appuient sur une majorité de pions à l'centre (2 contre 1), la paire de fous et la colonne semi-ouverte c.

Côté adverse. Les fous enfermés en c1 et f1 et le roi resté au centre.

En contrepartie. Le roi n'est pas encore à l'abri et plusieurs pièces dorment encore (les fous c8 et f8 et les tours a8 et h8).

Plans. O-O (Mettre le roi en sécurité, connecter les tours) ; ...d6 (Libérer Bc8) ; ...Bd6 (Développer Bf8) ; ...d5 (Rupture) ; ...e6 (Rupture).

Avantages

Faiblesses adverses

Diagonale active

Plans

Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	—
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	—	—
Passés	—	—
Majorité	● aile_dame 3v2	● centre 2v1

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	● b5 (2v0)	—
Cases faibles	—	—
Centre	—	● e4 (1v0), ● e5 (1v0)

Colonnes et diagonales

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Semi-ouvertes	● d	● c

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bc1	● Bc1 Non développé (mob. 5)
Bf1	● Bf1 Non développé (mob. 0)
Bc8		● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 0)
Bf8		● Bf8 Non développé (mob. 0)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Non développées	5 (b1, c1, f1, a1, h1)	4 (c8, f8, a8, h8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Au centre !	● Au centre !
Droits de roque	O-O / O-O-O	O-O / O-O-O

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	semi-ouvert
Ruptures	● c4-c5, ● e2-e3, ● f2-f3	● …d7-d6, ● …d7-d5, ● …e7-e6, ● …e7-e5

Partie
1936 Trade Unions – Round 1 – Stepanov, Aleksandar – 0-1 – Yudovich, Mikhail M – G23 1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nc6 5. Nxc6 bxc6 6. g3 g6 7. Bg2 Bg7 8. O-O O-O 9. Nc3 Rb8 10. Qa4 Qc7
1959 Warsaw Legion tt – Round 1.5 – Grynszpan, Adam – 0-1 – Zinn, Lothar – G9 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. Nf3 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nc6 5. Nc2 g6 6. g3 Bg7 7. Bg2 O-O 8. O-O d6 9. Nc3 Bg4 10. Ne3 Qd7
1962 Bucharest – Round 4 – Dunkelblum, Arthur – 1/2-1/2 – Gheorghiu, Florin – G19 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. Nf3 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nc6 5. e3 g6 6. Nc3 Bg7 7. Be2 O-O 8. Nc2 d6 9. O-O Be6 10. e4 Rc8
1963 Hoogovens – Round 1 – Van Scheltinga, Theo – 1/2-1/2 – Donner, Jan-Hein – G16 1. Nf3 c5 2. c4 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. g3 Qa5+ 6. Nc3 Ne4 7. Bd2 Qb6 8. Nxe4 Qxd4 9. Qc2 e6 10. Bg2 d5
1963 JUG-URS – Round 1 – Korchnoi, Viktor – 1-0 – Parma, Bruno – G1 1. c4 c5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. g3 Nxd4 6. Qxd4 d6 7. Bg2 g6 8. b3 Bg7 9. Bb2 O-O 10. O-O Qc7
1964 Tel Aviv olm fin-A – Round 8 – Meza Pomar, Aroa – 1/2-1/2 – Petrosian, Tigran A. – G166 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. Nf3 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nc6 5. g3 Qa5+ 6. Nc3 Ne4 7. Nb5 Nxc3 8. Nxc3 g6 9. Bd2 Bg7 10. Nd5 Qd8
1965 Pardubice – Round 12 – Opocensky, Karel – 1/2-1/2 – Cibulka, Vladimir – G78 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. Nf3 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nc6 5. g3 d6 6. Bg2 Bd7 7. Nc3 g6 8. O-O Bg7 9. Nc2 O-O 10. b3 Qc8
1965 Tallinn ch-URS – Round 1 – Korchnoi, Viktor – 1/2-1/2 – Suetin, Alexey S – G6 1. c4 c5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nb5 a6 6. N5c3 e6 7. e4 b6 8. Bf4 d6 9. Be2 Bb7 10. O-O Be7
1966 Sochi Chigorin Memorial 04th – Round 8 – Krogius, Nikolai V – 1-0 – Vladimirov, Boris T – G33 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. Nf3 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nc6 5. g3 Qb6 6. Nb3 Ne4 7. Be3 Qb4+ 8. N1d2 Nxd2 9. Bxd2 Qxc4 10. Bg2 e6
1968 Toronto CAN Open – Round 9 – Fuster, Geza – 1/2-1/2 – Coudari, Camille – G19 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. Nf3 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nc6 5. g3 d6 6. Bg2 Bd7 7. O-O g6 8. b3 Bg7 9. Bb2 O-O 10. Nc3 Rb8
20. European Teams 2015 – Round 7.4 – Vallejo Pons, Francisco – 1/2-1/2 – Leko, Peter – G307 1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nc6 5. g3 e5 6. Nb5 Bb4+ 7. Bd2 a6 8. Bxb4 axb5 9. Bd6 Qa5+ 10. Nd2 Ne4
2026 Tata Steel India Blitz - Round 8.2 - Erigaisi Arjun - 0-1 - Praggnanandhaa R - G37 1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nc6 5. g3 e5 6. Nb5 Bb4+ 7. N1c3 d6 8. a3 Bxc3+ 9. Nxc3 Be6 10. Bg2 Bxc4
4. London Chess Classic 2012 – Round 1.3 – Aronian, Levon – 0-1 – Nakamura, Hikaru – G3 1. c4 c5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. g3 e5 6. Nb5 Bb4+ 7. Bd2 a6 8. N5c3 d5 9. cxd5 Nxd5 10. Bg2 Be6
40. Olympiad Open 2012 – Round 1.13 – Kojima, Shinya – 0-1 – Dominguez Perez, Leinier – G17 1. Nf3 c5 2. c4 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. g3 e5 6. Nb5 Bb4+ 7. N1c3 d6 8. Bg2 a6 9. Na3 Bxc3+ 10. bxc3 O-O
42. Olympiad 2016 – Round 8.3 – Adhiban, B. – 1/2-1/2 – Howell, David W L – G581 1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nc6 5. g3 e5 6. Nb5 Bb4+ 7. N1c3 d6 8. a3 Bxc3+ 9. Nxc3 Be6 10. Bg5 Bxc4
Amber-rapid 12th 2003 – Round 8 – Gelfand, Boris – 1/2-1/2 – Topalov, Veselin – G30 1. Nf3 c5 2. c4 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. g3 Qb6 6. Nb3 e6 7. Bg2 Ne5 8. Qc2 Qa6 9. c5 d5 10. cxd6 Bxd6
Amber-rapid 20th 2011 – Round 11 – Grischuk, Alexander – 1/2-1/2 – Gashimov, Vugar – G31 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. Nf3 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nc6 5. g3 d6 6. Bg2 Bd7 7. Nc3 g6 8. Nxc6 Bxc6 9. e4 Bg7 10. O-O Nd7
Chess Classics Giants 1998 – Round 4 – Kasparov, Garry – 1/2-1/2 – Kramnik, Vladimir – G3 1. c4 c5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nc6 5. g3 g6 6. Bg2 Bg7 7. Nc3 O-O 8. Nc2 d6 9. O-O Be6 10. b3 Qd7
EU-Cup 24th 2008 – Round 5 – Roiz, Michael – 1/2-1/2 – Avrukh, Boris – G57 1. Nf3 c5 2. c4 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. g3 Qb6 6. Nb3 Ne5 7. c5 Qc6 8. Rg1 d5 9. cxd6 e6 10. Bg2 Qxd6
FIDE GP 2010 – Round 13 – Leko, Peter – 1-0 – Gashimov, Vugar – G78 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. Nf3 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nc6 5. g3 d6 6. Bg2 Bd7 7. Nc3 g6 8. O-O Bg7 9. Nc2 Ng4 10. Bd2 h5
GCT Blitz Paris 2021 – Round 6.1 – Rapport, Richard – 0-1 – Firouzja, Alireza – G25 1. Nf3 c5 2. c4 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. g3 d6 6. Bg2 Bd7 7. Nc3 g6 8. Nxc6 bxc6 9. e4 Bg7 10. Qe2 Bg4
Kosmos m 5' 1998 – Round 7 – Kasparov, Garry – 1/2-1/2 – Kramnik, Vladimir – G7 1. c4 c5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. g3 d6 6. Bg2 Bd7 7. Nc3 g6 8. Nxc6 bxc6 9. c5 d5 10. e4 dxe4
Moscow Tal Memorial 7. Blitz 2012 – Round 9 – Tomashevsky, Evgeny – 0-1 – Carlsen, Magnus – G29 1. c4 c5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. g3 h5 6. Bg2 h4 7. Nc3 g6 8. Bg5 hxg3 9. hxg3 Rxh1+ 10. Bxh1 Bg7
PCA/Intel-GP 1995 – Round 1 – Bacrot, Etienne – 1/2-1/2 – Kramnik, Vladimir – G2 1. c4 c5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. g3 d6 6. Bg2 Bd7 7. O-O g6 8. Nc3 Bg7 9. Nc2 O-O 10. b3 a6
RUS Ch Superfinal 2005 – Round 1 – Tomashevsky, Evgeny – 1/2-1/2 – Morozevich, Alexander – G6 1. Nf3 c5 2. c4 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. g3 Qb6 6. Nc2 h5 7. h3 Ne4 8. e3 Qa5+ 9. Nd2 Qf5 10. Nf3 Qa5+
Saint Louis Blitz 2021 – Round 5.2 – Rapport, Richard – 0-1 – Svidler, Peter – G21 1. Nf3 c5 2. c4 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. g3 e5 6. Nb5 Bb4+ 7. Bd2 a6 8. N5c3 d5 9. cxd5 Nxd5 10. Bg2 Be6
Sparkassen GM 2009 – Round 9 – Bacrot, Etienne – 1/2-1/2 – Leko, Peter – G25 1. c4 c5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. g3 Qb6 6. Nc2 e6 7. Bg2 Be7 8. O-O O-O 9. Nc3 d6 10. e4 a6
SuperUnited Blitz 2022 – Round 11.2 – Mamedyarov, Shakhriyar – 1/2-1/2 – Dominguez Perez, Leinier – G52 1. c4 c5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nc6 5. g3 e5 6. Nb5 Bb4+ 7. N1c3 d6 8. a3 Bxc3+ 9. Nxc3 Be6 10. Bg5 Bxc4
SuperUnited Rapid 2022 – Round 7.1 – Mamedyarov, Shakhriyar – 0-1 – Vachier-Lagrave, Maxime – G31 1. Nf3 c5 2. c4 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. g3 e5 6. Nb5 Bb4+ 7. N1c3 d6 8. a3 Bxc3+ 9. Nxc3 Be6 10. Bg5 Bxc4
World Blitz 2015 – Round 3.36 – Lagno, Kateryna – 0-1 – Karjakin, Sergey – G167 1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nc6 5. g3 e5 6. Nb5 Bb4+ 7. N1c3 d6 8. a3 Bxc3+ 9. Nxc3 Be6 10. Bg2 Bxc4
World Blitz 2015 – Round 9.27 – Iturrizaga Bonelli, Eduardo – 0-1 – Moiseenko, Alexander – G545 1. Nf3 c5 2. c4 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. g3 e5 6. Nb5 d6 7. Bg2 Be6 8. N1a3 Be7 9. O-O a6 10. Nc3 O-O
World Blitz 2016 – Round 3.19 – Fressinet, Laurent – 0-1 – Vachier-Lagrave, Maxime – G105 1. Nf3 c5 2. c4 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. g3 e5 6. Nb5 Bb4+ 7. Bd2 a6 8. Bxb4 axb5 9. Bd6 Ne4 10. c5 Qa5+
World Blitz 2016 – Round 3.45 – Mchedlishvili, Mikheil – 0-1 – Quintiliano, Renato R. – G130 1. c4 c5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. g3 e5 6. Nb5 Bb4+ 7. N1c3 d6 8. Bg2 a6 9. Na3 Bxc3+ 10. bxc3 Be6
World Blitz Final 2012 – Round 10 – Kotsur, Pavel – 0-1 – Andreikin, Dmitry – G71 1. c4 c5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. g3 d6 6. Bg2 Bd7 7. O-O g6 8. Nc3 Bg7 9. Nc2 Qc8 10. Nd5 Ne5
World Blitz Final 2012 – Round 18 – Svidler, Peter – 1/2-1/2 – Andreikin, Dmitry – G133 1. c4 c5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. g3 d6 6. Bg2 Bd7 7. Nc3 g6 8. O-O Bg7 9. c5 dxc5 10. Nb3 O-O
World ChampionshipCandidates 2011 – Round 2.5 – Kramnik, Vladimir – 1/2-1/2 – Grischuk, Alexander – G10 1. Nf3 c5 2. c4 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. g3 e5 6. Nb5 Bb4+ 7. N1c3 d6 8. Bg2 a6 9. Na3 Bxc3+ 10. bxc3 O-O
XIX Ciudad 2006 – Round 1.3 – Bruzon Batista, Lazaro – 1/2-1/2 – Anand, Viswanathan – G6 1. Nf3 c5 2. c4 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. g3 Qb6 6. Nc2 e6 7. Bg2 d5 8. O-O Be7 9. cxd5 Nxd5 10. Ne3 Nxe3
XXVI SuperGM 2009 – Round 6 – Ivanchuk, Vasyl – 1/2-1/2 – Dominguez Perez, Leinier – G24 1. Nf3 c5 2. c4 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. g3 Qb6 6. Nc2 e6 7. Bg2 d5 8. O-O Be7 9. cxd5 Nxd5 10. Nc3 Nxc3

A31a — Symmetrical Two Knights

1.c4 c5 2.Nf3 Nf6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nc6

Eval: [+0.29]

Les coups candidats

5.Nc3 — 83.5% (6356 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Vachier-Lagrave, Maxime (19x), Korchnoi, Viktor (16x), De Firmian, Nick (16x), Ernst, Thomas (16x), Ghaem Maghami, Ehsan (16x), Stohl, Igor (14x), Wojtkiewicz, Aleksander (13x), Rogulj, Branko (12x)

5.g3 — 12.8% (972 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Schlosser, Philipp (12x), Gelfand, Boris (8x), Ivanchuk, Vasyl (8x), Hracek, Zbynek (7x), Kramnik, Vladimir (6x), Raetsky, Alexander (6x), Moiseenko, Alexander (6x), Filippov, Vadim (5x)

5.e3 — 1.6% (123 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Juric, Goran (2x), Dankova J (1x), Dobrovolsky, Ladislav (1x), Lahti, Jouko (1x), Dueball, Juergen (1x), Dunkelblum, Arthur (1x), Gheorghiu, Florin (1x), Lee, John L (1x)

5.Nxc6 — 1.1% (85 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Pavlov, Gennadij (2x), Stepanov, Aleksandar (1x), Yudovich, Mikhail M (1x), Weiss, Fernando (1x), Kroon, Piet (1x), Ridameya Tatche, Jose Miguel (1x), O'Kelly de Galway, Alberic (1x), Van Dyke, B. (1x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	5.Nc3	5.g3	5.e3	5.Nxc6
<1800	147	71%	10%	8%	5%
1800-2200	2298	83%	12%	2%	1%
2200-2600	3716	87%	13%	0%	0%
2600+	408	79%	21%	—	—

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	5.Nc3	5.g3	5.e3	5.Nxc6
1920s	5	80%	20%	—	—
1930s	25	76%	20%	—	4%
1940s	16	94%	6%	—	—
1950s	55	85%	13%	—	—
1960s	110	81%	13%	3%	2%
1970s	211	89%	9%	1%	1%
1980s	263	88%	9%	0%	1%
1990s	1019	84%	12%	2%	2%
2000s	2025	79%	17%	2%	1%
2010s	3152	85%	12%	1%	1%
2020s	731	86%	11%	2%	1%

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
5.Nc3	85%	86%	▲ +1.0%
5.g3	12%	11%	-0.4%
5.e3	1%	2%	+0.1%
5.Nxc6	1%	1%	-0.2%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Kramnik, Vladimir — 10 parties
Anand, Viswanathan — 10 parties
Carlsen, Magnus — 9 parties
Ju, Wenjun — 8 parties
Kasparov, Garry — 7 parties
Hou, Yifan — 7 parties
Smyslov, Vladimir — 5 parties
Alekhine, Alexander — 3 parties
Tal, Mikhail — 2 parties
Karpov, Aleksandr — 2 parties
Botvinnik, Mikhail — 1 partie

Parties historiques

5.Nc3 — 83.5% (6356 parties)

1922 — Alekhine, Alexander vs Deutsch Edelheim Schroeder — 1-0 — Berlin GER
1924 — Michell, Reginald vs Blake, Joseph — 1/2-1/2 — Southport ENG
1925 — De La Torre Huertas, Carlos vs Alekhine, Alexander — 1/2-1/2 — Baden-Baden GER
1927 — Sergieev, Alexander vs Kubbel, Arvid — 1/2-1/2 — Leningrad tt
1930 — Rejfir, Josef vs Prokop, Frantisek — 1/2-1/2 — Mnichovo Hradiste

5.g3 — 12.8% (972 parties)

1927 — Schmitt, Ludwig vs Machate, Gottlieb — 1-0 — Gleiwitz
1932 — Rohacek, Erik vs Bogoljubow, Efim — 0-1 — Bad Sliac
1932 — Rohacek, Ivan vs Bogoljubow, Efim — 0-1 — Bad Sliac
1934 — Reinhardt, Enrique vs Antze, Oskar — 1-0 — Aachen GER
1936 — Mazel, Isaak Y vs Gergenreder — 1-0 — Moscow RUS

5.e3 — 1.6% (123 parties)

1962 — Dunkelblum, Arthur vs Gheorghiu, Florin — 1/2-1/2 — Bucharest ROU
1969 — Dankova J vs Dobrovolsky, Ladislav — 1/2-1/2 — Brno CZE
1969 — Lahti, Jouko vs Dueball, Juergen — 0-1 — Raach
1971 — Lee, John L vs Berry, Jonathan — 0-1 — Vancouver BC CAN
1977 — Clarke, Paul R H vs Mesa Reid, Alexander Russell — 1-0 — Brighton ch-BCF

5.Nxc6 — 1.1% (85 parties)

1936 — Stepanov, Aleksandar vs Yudovich, Mikhail M — 0-1 — Moscow RUS
1960 — Ridameya Tatche, Jose Miguel vs O'Kelly de Galway, Alberic — 0-1 — Terrassa ESP
1968 — Weiss, Fernando vs Kroon, Piet — 1/2-1/2 — Lugano SUI
1974 — Van Dyke, B. vs Pekun, Cem — 0-1 — Nice FRA
1974 — Drozd, Ryszard vs Schinzel, Wladyslaw — 1/2-1/2 — POL-ch31 Zielona Gora

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