Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	● c3, ● c4	—
Pions isolés	● a3	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	● f2→e3, c3→d4, e3→d4	● e6→d5, f7→e6
Passés	—	—
Majorité	—	—

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	● b4 (2v0)	● e4 (2v1)
Cases faibles	—	—
Centre	● d4 (2v0), ● e5 (1v0)	● d5 (3v1), ● e4 (2v1)

Colonnes et diagonales

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Semi-ouvertes	● b	—

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bc1	● Bc1 Non développé (mob. 2)
Bd3	● Bd3 Actif (mob. 8)
Bc8		● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 1)
Paire de fous	● Oui	Non
Non développées	4 (● g1, ● c1, ● a1, ● h1)	3 (● b8, ● c8, ● a8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Au centre	● Roqué
Droits de roque	O-O / O-O-O	—

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	fermé
Ruptures	● e3-e4	● …e6-e5

E49a — Nimzo-Indian: Botvinnik System

1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Bb4 4.e3 O-O 5.Bd3 d5 6.a3 Bxc3+ 7.bxc3 * ● Trait aux Noirs

Ouverture — Centre fermé

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

abcdefgh

Plans. cxd5 (Capture en d5, Occuper le centre — 24 % des parties) ; Ne2 (Développer g1 — 11 % des parties) ; Nf3 (Développer g1 — 7 % des parties).

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

hgfedcba

Plans. ...dxc4 (Capture en c4, Frapper le centre adverse — 56 % des parties) ; ...c5 (Frapper le centre adverse — 27 % des parties) ; ...b6 (Préparer le fianchetto — 9 % des parties).

Avantages

Faiblesses

Diagonale active

Plans

Partie
1923 Trieste-chB – Round ? – Ferrari, Romeo – 1/2-1/2 – Stalda, Giuseppe – G4 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. a3 Bxc3+ 5. bxc3 d5 6. e3 O-O 7. Bd3 b6 8. Ne2 c5 9. cxd5 exd5 10. O-O Nc6
1934 Hastings3435 – Round 1 – Lilienthal, Andor – 1-0 – Michell, Reginald – G11 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. a3 Bxc3+ 5. bxc3 d5 6. e3 O-O 7. Bd3 b6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Ne2 Bb7 10. O-O c5
1937 Kemeri – Round ? – Petrov, Vladimir S. – 1/2-1/2 – Steiner, Endre – G157 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. e3 O-O 5. Bd3 d5 6. a3 Bxc3+ 7. bxc3 b6 8. Ne2 Ba6 9. cxd5 exd5 10. Bxa6 Nxa6
1937 Kemeri – Round 1 – Petrov, Vladimirs – 1/2-1/2 – Steiner, Endre – G50 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. e3 O-O 5. Bd3 d5 6. a3 Bxc3+ 7. bxc3 b6 8. Ne2 Ba6 9. cxd5 exd5 10. Bxa6 Nxa6
1943 UJCS-17.Kongress – Round 10 – Dobias, Josef – 0-1 – Prucha, Karel – G48 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. e3 O-O 5. Bd3 d5 6. a3 Bxc3+ 7. bxc3 Nbd7 8. Ne2 dxc4 9. Bxc4 e5 10. O-O Nb6
1944 Moskou ch-URS – Round 1 – Kotov Lundqvist, Alex – 1-0 – Lilienthal, Andor – G38 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. e3 O-O 5. Bd3 d5 6. a3 Bxc3+ 7. bxc3 e5 8. Ne2 e4 9. Bc2 dxc4 10. Ng3 Re8
1945 Moscow Ch – Round 1 – Lilienthal, Andor – 1-0 – Aramanovich, I – G2 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. e3 O-O 5. Bd3 d5 6. a3 Bxc3+ 7. bxc3 b6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Ne2 Ba6 10. Bxa6 Nxa6
1946 Groningen – Round 9 – Euwe, Max – 1-0 – Steiner, Heinrich Jun. – G40 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. e3 O-O 5. Bd3 d5 6. a3 Bxc3+ 7. bxc3 Nbd7 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Ne2 Re8 10. O-O Nf8
1949 BUL Ch – Round 2 – Piskov, Kamen Penev – 1-0 – Bobotsov, Milko G – G7 1. c4 Nf6 2. d4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. e3 O-O 5. Bd3 d5 6. a3 Bxc3+ 7. bxc3 Nbd7 8. f4 dxc4 9. Bxc4 Ne4 10. Bd3 Qh4+
1949 Moscow Ch – Round ? – Fridstein, German – 1/2-1/2 – Averbakh, Yuri L – G45 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. e3 O-O 5. Bd3 d5 6. a3 Bxc3+ 7. bxc3 b6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Ne2 c5 10. O-O Ba6
1950 Dubrovnik olm – Round 14 – Enevoldsen, Harald – 1/2-1/2 – Johansson, Ingemar 1966 – G208 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. a3 Bxc3+ 5. bxc3 d5 6. e3 O-O 7. Bd3 b6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Ne2 Nbd7 10. O-O Re8
1950 Sorrento ch ITA – Round 7 – Porreca, Giorgio – 1-0 – Napolitano, Mario – G17 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. e3 O-O 5. Bd3 d5 6. a3 Bxc3+ 7. bxc3 b6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Ne2 Ba6 10. O-O Bxd3
1951 YUG Ch 6th – Round 12 – Andric, Dragoslav – 0-1 – Majstorovic, Ljubomir – G67 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. e3 O-O 5. Bd3 d5 6. a3 Bxc3+ 7. bxc3 e5 8. Ne2 e4 9. Bc2 dxc4 10. Ng3 Bg4
1951 YUG Ch 6th – Round 7 – Andric, Dragoslav – 0-1 – Karaklajic, Nikola – G34 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. e3 O-O 5. Bd3 d5 6. a3 Bxc3+ 7. bxc3 e5 8. Ne2 e4 9. Bc2 dxc4 10. Ng3 Re8
1955 Argentina – Round 14 – Sanguinetti, Renato – 0-1 – Wexler, Bernardo – G100 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. e3 O-O 5. Bd3 d5 6. a3 Bxc3+ 7. bxc3 e5 8. cxd5 Qxd5 9. f3 exd4 10. cxd4 c5
1957 WchT U26 04th – Round 13.3 – Abarca Benites, Isaac Alejandro – 0-1 – Forintos, Gyozo V – G168 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. e3 O-O 5. Bd3 d5 6. a3 Bxc3+ 7. bxc3 b6 8. Nf3 Nc6 9. O-O Bb7 10. cxd5 exd5
1960 CSR Ch – Round 6 – Kupka, Slavoj – 0-1 – Vesely, Jiri – G47 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. e3 O-O 5. Bd3 d5 6. a3 Bxc3+ 7. bxc3 e5 8. cxd5 e4 9. Bb1 Qxd5 10. Ne2 b6
1963 Leningrad ch-URS – Round 1 – Furman, Slavomir – 1/2-1/2 – Kholmov, Ratmir D – G38 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. e3 O-O 5. Bd3 d5 6. a3 Bxc3+ 7. bxc3 e5 8. cxd5 Qxd5 9. f3 exd4 10. cxd4 c5
1965 Tbilisi – Round 1 – Dzindzichashvili, Roman – 1-0 – Zaitsev, Igor A – G25 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. e3 O-O 5. Bd3 d5 6. a3 Bxc3+ 7. bxc3 b6 8. Nf3 Bb7 9. cxd5 exd5 10. O-O c5
43. Olympiad 2018 – Round 9.8 – Hamitevici, Vladimir – 1/2-1/2 – L'Ami, Erwin – G620 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. e3 O-O 5. Bd3 d5 6. a3 Bxc3+ 7. bxc3 c6 8. Ne2 b6 9. cxd5 cxd5 10. f3 Bb7
GCT Blitz Paris 2021 – Round 16.5 – So, Wesley – 1-0 – Firouzja, Alireza – G78 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. e3 O-O 5. Bd3 d5 6. a3 Bxc3+ 7. bxc3 c6 8. Ne2 b6 9. cxd5 cxd5 10. f3 Ba6
Manila Interzonal 1990 – Round 1 – Rechlis, Gad – 1/2-1/2 – Sax, Gyula – G3 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. e3 O-O 5. Bd3 d5 6. a3 Bxc3+ 7. bxc3 e5 8. dxe5 dxc4 9. exf6 Qxd3 10. Qxd3 cxd3
World Blitz 2017 – Round 11.15 – Korobov, Anton – 1-0 – Socko, Bartosz – G556 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. e3 O-O 5. Bd3 d5 6. a3 Bxc3+ 7. bxc3 b6 8. Ne2 Ba6 9. cxd5 exd5 10. O-O c5
World Blitz 2023 – Round 8.24 – Ponomariov, Ruslan – 1-0 – Bocharov, Dmitry – G461 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. e3 O-O 5. Bd3 d5 6. a3 Bxc3+ 7. bxc3 c6 8. a4 e5 9. dxe5 dxc4 10. exf6 Qxd3
World Rapid 2021 – Round 4.11 – Sarana, Alexey – 1/2-1/2 – Cheparinov, Ivan – G200 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. e3 O-O 5. Bd3 d5 6. a3 Bxc3+ 7. bxc3 c6 8. a4 b6 9. Ba3 Re8 10. Nf3 Ba6

E49a — Normal Variation, Botvinnik System (1923)

1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Bb4 4.e3 O-O 5.Bd3 d5 6.a3 Bxc3+ 7.bxc3

Les coups candidats

7…dxc4 — 68.1% (2017 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Milov, Vadim (26x), Sarana, Alexey (22x), Kozak, Adam (15x), Levitt, Jonathan P (13x), Korneva, Marina (12x), Lobanov, Sergei (11x), Hoi, Carsten (9x), Khanin, Semen (9x)

7…c5 — 19.0% (562 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Szabo, Zsolt (8x), Jelen, Igor (6x), Sarana, Alexey (6x), Gerzhoy, Leonid (4x), Hoi, Carsten (3x), Sax, Gyula (3x), Dumitrache, Dragos-Nicolae (3x), Petkov, Ivan V. (3x)

7…b6 — 6.4% (189 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Gulko, Boris (2x), Liutsko, Igor (2x), Mukhit, Aisezym (2x), Gonzalez Ochoa, Yoana (2x), Enevoldsen, Harald (1x), Johansson, Ingi (1x), Benites Quiche Bernard Steven (1x), Forintos, Gyozo V (1x)

7…c6 — 3.6% (106 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Bocharov, Dmitry (5x), Ibragimov, Ildar (3x), Lobanov, Sergei (3x), Bischoff, Klaus (2x), Rausis, Igors (2x), Hou, Yifan (2x), Sokolov, Ivan (2x), Movsesian, Sergei (2x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	7…dxc4	7…c5	7…b6	7…c6
<1800	86	60%	22%	7%	—
1800-2200	707	62%	22%	12%	1%
2200-2600	1720	72%	18%	4%	5%
2600+	185	84%	6%	2%	7%

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	7…dxc4	7…c5	7…b6	7…c6
1950s	69	51%	32%	6%	—
1960s	40	42%	40%	10%	—
1970s	57	61%	21%	12%	—
1980s	88	65%	26%	5%	1%
1990s	283	57%	26%	9%	3%
2000s	360	57%	28%	8%	1%
2010s	577	58%	24%	10%	4%
2020s	1486	79%	12%	4%	5%

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
7…dxc4	58%	79%	▲ +20.3%
7…c5	24%	12%	▼ -12.5%
7…b6	10%	4%	▼ -6.5%
7…c6	4%	5%	+0.4%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Botvinnik, Mikhail — 4 parties
Carlsen, Magnus — 3 parties
Gukesh D — 3 parties
Ju, Wenjun — 3 parties
Hou, Yifan — 2 parties
Karpov, Anatoly — 1 partie
Ding, Liren — 1 partie
Anand, Viswanathan — 1 partie

Parties historiques

7…dxc4 — 68.1% (2017 parties)

1950 — Collins Justin vs Cuadrado Pastor, Antonio — 1-0 — corr Wch1
1950 — Chaude de Silans, Chantal vs Keller-Hermann, Edith — 1-0 — Moscow RUS
1950 — Collet, Hugo vs Donner, Jan-Hein — 0-1 — Beverwijk NED
1950 — Collet, Hugo vs Donner, Jan-Hein — 0-1 — Beverwijk NED
1950 — Sanguinetti, Ricardo vs Rossolimo, Nicolas — 0-1 — Mar del Plata ARG

7…c5 — 19.0% (562 parties)

1950 — Parliaros, Dimitrios vs Zografakis, Aristidis — 1-0 — Athens GRE
1950 — Moiseev, Oleg vs Abhinaya Polaka — 1-0 — Tula RUS
1950 — Ilivitsky, Georgy A vs Simagin, Vladimir — 1-0 — Tula RUS
1951 — Schroeder, Ruperto vs Cordaro, J — 1-0 — Santiago de Chile
1952 — Witkowski, Stefan vs Pytlakowski, Andrzej — 0-1 — Katowice POL

7…b6 — 6.4% (189 parties)

1950 — Enevoldsen, Harald vs Johansson, Ingi — 1/2-1/2 — Dubrovnik olm
1950 — Von Baudissin, Georg vs Rinder, Elfriede — 1/2-1/2 — Weidenau
1950 — Porreca, Giorgio vs Napolitano, Mario — 1-0 — Sorrento ch ITA
1957 — Benites Quiche Bernard Steven vs Forintos, Gyozo V — 0-1 — Reykjavik ISL
1965 — Dzindzichashvili, Roman vs Zaitsev, Igor A — 1-0 — Tbilisi GEO

7…c6 — 3.6% (106 parties)

1987 — Rimpineva Eino vs Huttunen, Yrjo — 1/2-1/2 — ?
1990 — Hallila, Erkki vs Ylijoki — 0-1 — corr ch-SF jr
1995 — Ramos Bonilla, Ibsen vs Gareth Ndhiwa — 1-0 — CompuServe email
1996 — Ibragimov, Ildar vs Bischoff, Klaus — 1/2-1/2 — Linares open
1996 — Milov, Vadim vs Rozentalis, Eduardas — 0-1 — Liechtenstein

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