Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	—
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	—	● d7→e6, f7→e6
Passés	—	—
Majorité	—	—

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	● b5 (2v0)	—
Cases faibles	—	—
Centre	● d4 (1v0), ● e5 (1v0)	—

Colonnes et diagonales

♔ Blancs

♚ Noirs

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bf1	● Bf1 Non développé (mob. 0)
Bg5	● Bg5 Actif (mob. 7)
Bb4		● Bb4 Actif (mob. 7)
Bc8		● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 0)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Clouages	● knight c3	—
Non développées	4 (● g1, ● f1, ● a1, ● h1)	4 (● b8, ● c8, ● a8, ● h8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Au centre	● Au centre
Droits de roque	O-O / O-O-O	O-O / O-O-O

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	mobile
Ruptures	● d4-d5	● …c7-c5, ● …d7-d5, ● …e6-e5

E30a — Nimzo-Indian: Leningrad

1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Bb4 4.Bg5 * ● Trait aux Noirs

Ouverture — Centre mobile

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

abcdefgh

Plans. Bh4 (66 % des parties) ; d5 (Occuper le centre — 21 % des parties).

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

hgfedcba

Plans. ...h6 (Poser la question au Bg5 — 69 % des parties) ; ...c5 (Frapper le centre adverse — 24 % des parties).

Avantages

Faiblesses

Diagonale active

Plans

Partie
1928 It BSG Berlin GER – Round 6 – Tartakower, Savielly – 1/2-1/2 – Nimzowitsch, Aron – G23 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Bg5 Bxc3+ 5. bxc3 Qe7 6. Qc2 d6 7. e4 e5 8. Bd3 h6 9. Be3 O-O 10. Ne2 Nc6
1938 Montevideo – Round 4 – Guimard, Carlos E – 1-0 – Blanco Cruz, Wara – G36 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Bg5 Bxc3+ 5. bxc3 h6 6. Bh4 c5 7. d5 Qa5 8. Bxf6 gxf6 9. Qd2 e5 10. e4 d6
1938 Trade Unions – Round 18 – Tolush, Alexander – 1-0 – Budo, Alexander Semenovich – G140 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Bg5 Qe7 5. Qc2 O-O 6. e3 Bxc3+ 7. Qxc3 d6 8. Bd3 e5 9. Ne2 Nc6 10. O-O-O Re8
1959 Quick Practice – Round ? – Collins, Richard Arnold – 1-0 – Hornsby, Roger – G10 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Bg5 Bxc3+ 5. bxc3 O-O 6. e4 h6 7. Bh4 g5 8. e5 Ne8 9. Bg3 d6 10. Bd3 Bd7
1960 Leipzig olm prel – Round 3 – Padevsky, Nikola – 0-1 – Bachtiar, Arovah – G86 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Bg5 Bxc3+ 5. bxc3 d6 6. e3 Nbd7 7. Bd3 b6 8. Ne2 Bb7 9. O-O h6 10. Bh4 O-O
1960 Leningrad tt – Round 2 – Beyen, Roland – 1/2-1/2 – Sokolov, Vladimir – G17 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Bg5 Bxc3+ 5. bxc3 Qe7 6. a4 d6 7. e4 h6 8. Bxf6 Qxf6 9. Bd3 e5 10. Ne2 Nc6

E30a — Leningrad Variation (1928)

1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Bb4 4.Bg5

Les coups candidats

4…h6 — 54.3% (5188 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Rain, Ricardo Ernesto (42x), Bangiev, Alexander (36x), Zylla, Johannes (31x), Timman, Jan H (27x), Bagirov, Vladimir (25x), Macdonald-Ross, Michael (21x), Comas Fabrego, Lluis (18x), Spassky, Boris Vasily (16x)

4…c5 — 32.0% (3060 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Rain, Ricardo Ernesto (81x), Zylla, Johannes (33x), Gaertner, Guntram (15x), Sasikiran, Krishnan (11x), Kubala, Martin (10x), Grego, Luís José Gonzaga (10x), Johannessen, Leif Erlend (9x), Matveeva, Svetlana (8x)

4…d5 — 4.7% (449 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Berliner, Hans (2x), Johannessen, Svein (2x), Dacalor, Aurelie (2x), Pietrzak, Wojciech (2x), Krumpacnik, Domen (2x), Korchnoi, Viktor (2x), Kukov, Velislav (2x), Kravshenko, Konstantin (2x)

4…O-O — 3.9% (376 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Weyerstrass, Ronald (2x), Lemeille, Francois (2x), Bharat, Arjun (2x), Peters, Shaina (2x), Benko, Pal (1x), Weinstein, Raymond (1x), Philippe, Sebastien (1x), Eugenio, Sarah De Oliveira (1x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	4…h6	4…c5	4…d5	4…O-O
<1800	823	46%	26%	8%	10%
1800-2200	3349	53%	33%	5%	4%
2200-2600	2878	55%	39%	2%	1%
2600+	80	38%	60%	—	—

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	4…h6	4…c5	4…d5	4…O-O
1950s	199	73%	20%	5%	1%
1960s	278	72%	19%	6%	0%
1970s	426	70%	23%	2%	2%
1980s	770	73%	21%	2%	2%
1990s	2272	56%	32%	4%	3%
2000s	2561	49%	33%	5%	6%
2010s	2475	48%	37%	5%	4%
2020s	571	46%	39%	6%	4%

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
4…h6	48%	46%	▼ -2.3%
4…c5	37%	39%	▲ +1.8%
4…d5	5%	6%	▲ +1.1%
4…O-O	4%	4%	-0.1%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Karpov, Anatoly — 5 parties
Tal, Mikhail — 2 parties
Carlsen, Magnus — 2 parties
Smyslov, Vladimir — 1 partie
Hou, Yifan — 1 partie
Kramnik, Vladimir — 1 partie

Parties historiques

4…h6 — 54.3% (5188 parties)

1950 — Ayan Schneider vs Brunner, Alexander — 0-1 — Lucerne SUI
1950 — Borisenko, Georgy K vs Fridstein, Grigory — 1/2-1/2 — URS-ch sf Tula
1950 — Borisenko, Georgy K vs Friedstein, G. — 1/2-1/2 — USSR ch sf
1951 — Bondarevsky, Igor vs Moiseev, Oleg — 1-0 — Moskou ch-URS
1951 — Levenfish, Grigory vs Estrin, Yakov — 0-1 — Baku AZE

4…c5 — 32.0% (3060 parties)

1951 — Abad Calderon, Abraham vs Golombek, Harry — 1/2-1/2 — Hastings ENG
1952 — Steiner, Herman vs Unzicker, Ferdinand, Dr. — 0-1 — Stockholm izt
1952 — Bunch, FR. vs Cafferty, Bernard — 0-1 — ?
1952 — Steiner, Herman vs Pomar Salamanca, Arturo — 1/2-1/2 — Tampa, FL
1952 — Steiner, Herman vs Evans, Larry — 0-1 — USA

4…d5 — 4.7% (449 parties)

1951 — Tal, Mikhail vs Gipslis, Aivars — 1-0 — Tournament, Riga LAT
1952 — Wozniak, Kazimierz vs Regedzinski, Teodor — 0-1 — Katowice POL
1953 — Steiner, Herman vs Altshuler, Martin — 1-0 — Hollywood, CA
1953 — Stein, Georg vs Keller-Hermann, Edith — 1/2-1/2 — Jena GER
1954 — Kastel, Arne Morten vs Bergraser, Volf — 0-1 — Amsterdam olm

4…O-O — 3.9% (376 parties)

1952 — Lipnitsky, Isaac vs Averbakh, Yuri L — 1-0 — URS-ch sf Minsk BLR
1958 — Benko, Pal vs Weinstein, Raymond — 1-0 — New York ch-USA
1966 — Philippe, Sebastien vs Eugenio, Sarah De Oliveira — 0-1 — Venice ITA
1970 — Kristinsson, Sigurthor vs Constantinou, Agathoclis — 1-0 — Siegen olm
1971 — Spassky, Alexandre vs Kianmehr, Kian — 1-0 — Goteborg SWE

1928 It BSG Berlin GER – Round 6 – Tartakower, Savielly – 1/2-1/2 – Nimzowitsch, Aron – G23

1938 Montevideo – Round 4 – Guimard, Carlos E – 1-0 – Blanco Cruz, Wara – G36

1938 Trade Unions – Round 18 – Tolush, Alexander – 1-0 – Budo, Alexander Semenovich – G140

1959 Quick Practice – Round ? – Collins, Richard Arnold – 1-0 – Hornsby, Roger – G10

1960 Leipzig olm prel – Round 3 – Padevsky, Nikola – 0-1 – Bachtiar, Arovah – G86

1960 Leningrad tt – Round 2 – Beyen, Roland – 1/2-1/2 – Sokolov, Vladimir – G17