E21c — Nimzo-Indian: Three Knights, 4…c5

1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Bb4 4.Nf3 c5 * ○ Trait aux Blancs

Ouverture — Centre semi-ouvert

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

abcdefgh

Plan principal. Attaque sur le roi adverse resté au centre.

Atouts. Les Blancs s'appuient sur les cases fortes b5, e5 et g5 et la paire de fous.

Côté adverse. Le fou enfermé en c8 et le roi resté au centre.

En contrepartie. Le roi n'est pas encore à l'abri et plusieurs pièces dorment encore (les fous c1 et f1 et les tours a1 et h1).

Plans. e4 (Centre d4+e4, menace e5, libère Bf1) ; Bg5 (Clouer Nf6) ; h3 (Empêcher ...Bg4).

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

hgfedcba

Plan principal. Attaque sur le roi adverse resté au centre.

Atouts. Les Noirs s'appuient sur la paire de fous.

Côté adverse. Les fous enfermés en c1 et f1 et le roi resté au centre.

En contrepartie. Le roi n'est pas encore à l'abri et plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le cavalier b8, le fou c8 et les tours a8 et h8).

Plans. O-O (Mettre le roi en sécurité, connecter les tours) ; ...d6 (Libérer Bc8) ; ...Nc6 (Développer Nb8) ; ...d5 (Rupture) ; ...e5 (Rupture).

Avantages

Faiblesses adverses

Diagonale active

Plans

Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	—
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	—	● d7→e6, f7→e6
Passés	—	—
Majorité	—	—

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	● b5 (2v0), ● e5 (2v0), ● g5 (2v0)	—
Cases faibles	—	—
Centre	● d4 (2v1), ● e5 (2v0)	—

Colonnes et diagonales

♔ Blancs

♚ Noirs

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bc1	● Bc1 Non développé (mob. 5)
Bf1	● Bf1 Non développé (mob. 0)
Bb4		● Bb4 Ok (mob. 3)
Bc8		● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 0)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Clouages	● knight c3	—
Non développées	4 (● c1, ● f1, ● a1, ● h1)	4 (● b8, ● c8, ● a8, ● h8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Au centre !	● Au centre !
Droits de roque	O-O / O-O-O	O-O / O-O-O

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	semi-ouvert
Ruptures	● d4-d5, ● e2-e3	● …d7-d6, ● …d7-d5, ● …e6-e5

Partie
11th Sinquefield Cup 2024 - Round 9 - Gukesh, D - 1/2-1/2 - So, Wesley - G41 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Nf3 c5 5. dxc5 Na6 6. Bd2 Nxc5 7. e3 Bxc3 8. Bxc3 Nce4 9. Bb4 d6 10. Be2 Qb6
1927 Moskou ch-URS – Round 17 – Rauzer, Vsevolod – 1-0 – Rabinovich, Ilya Mar – G47 1. d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 e6 3. c4 Bb4+ 4. Nc3 c5 5. Bd2 O-O 6. d5 b6 7. Qb3 exd5 8. Nxd5 Bxd2+ 9. Nxd2 Nxd5 10. cxd5 Re8
1939 Leningrad ch-URS – Round 10 – Botvinnik, Mikhail – 1-0 – Kan, Ilya A – G77 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Nf3 c5 5. a3 Bxc3+ 6. bxc3 Qa5 7. Bd2 Ne4 8. Qc2 Nxd2 9. Nxd2 d6 10. e3 e5
1945 Ljubljana – Round 8 – Puc, Stojan – 1/2-1/2 – Pachman, Ludek – G8 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Nf3 c5 5. a3 Bxc3+ 6. bxc3 O-O 7. e3 d6 8. Bd3 Nc6 9. O-O e5 10. d5 Ne7
1945 Tbilisi Tbilisi GEO – Round 1 – Grigoriev, A. – 0-1 – Petrosian, Tigran A. – G3 1. d4 e6 2. c4 Bb4+ 3. Nc3 c5 4. Nf3 Nf6 5. a3 Ba5 6. Qc2 d5 7. dxc5 d4 8. b4 dxc3 9. bxa5 Qxa5 10. e4 Nc6
1950 Amsterdam – Round 18 – Stahlberg, Gideon – 1/2-1/2 – Donner, Jan-Hein – G170 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Nf3 c5 5. Bd2 O-O 6. dxc5 Nc6 7. g3 Bxc5 8. Bg2 d5 9. cxd5 Nxd5 10. O-O Nxc3
1950 Southsea – Round 6 – Winterton, Ken – 0-1 – Bogoljubow, Efim – G29 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Nf3 c5 5. a3 Bxc3+ 6. bxc3 Qa5 7. Bd2 Ne4 8. e3 b6 9. Bd3 Nxd2 10. Qxd2 Bb7
1952 Saltsjobaden Interzonal – Round 6 – Wade, Robert G – 1/2-1/2 – Sanchez Alpizar, Luis Alberto – G51 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Nf3 c5 5. Bd2 d5 6. dxc5 Bxc5 7. e3 O-O 8. Rc1 Nc6 9. cxd5 exd5 10. Be2 Qe7
1953 Mar del Plata – Round 13 – Eliskases, Erich – 1/2-1/2 – Wexler, Bernardo – G132 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Nf3 c5 5. a3 Bxc3+ 6. bxc3 O-O 7. Qc2 d5 8. cxd5 exd5 9. e3 c4 10. Be2 Nc6
1953 Mar del Plata – Round 8 – Rossetto, Hector – 1-0 – Shocron, Ruben – G90 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Nf3 c5 5. a3 Bxc3+ 6. bxc3 O-O 7. e3 b6 8. Bd3 Bb7 9. O-O Qc7 10. Bb2 d6
1954 Mar del Plata – Round 4 – Castillo Larenas, Mariano – 1/2-1/2 – Shocron, Ruben – G32 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Nf3 c5 5. d5 b5 6. Bg5 h6 7. Bxf6 Qxf6 8. Qc2 O-O 9. e4 Bb7 10. O-O-O Bxc3
1956 Montevideo – Round 1 – Olivera, Alfredo – 0-1 – Bauza, Lorenzo – G16 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 Bb4+ 4. Nc3 c5 5. d5 exd5 6. cxd5 d6 7. a3 Ba5 8. g3 O-O 9. Bg2 b5 10. O-O a6
1957 Dallas – Round ? – Szabo, Laszlo – 1/2-1/2 – Reshevsky, Samuel – G37 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Nf3 c5 5. d5 d6 6. Bd2 O-O 7. e3 Bxc3 8. Bxc3 Ne4 9. dxe6 Bxe6 10. Qc2 Nxc3
1957 EU Team Ch – Round 3 – Korchnoi, Viktor – 1-0 – Nedeljkovic, Srecko M – G23 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Nf3 c5 5. d5 d6 6. Bd2 O-O 7. e3 Na6 8. Bd3 Nc7 9. dxe6 fxe6 10. a3 Ba5
1957 URS-JUG – Round 5 – Tolush, Alexander V – 1/2-1/2 – Nedeljkovic, Srecko M – G21 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Nf3 c5 5. d5 d6 6. Bg5 h6 7. Bh4 Bxc3+ 8. bxc3 e5 9. Nd2 Nbd7 10. e4 Qa5
1957 Wageningen zt – Round 5 – Szabo, Laszlo – 1-0 – Donner, Jan-Hein – G23 1. c4 Nf6 2. d4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Nf3 c5 5. d5 exd5 6. cxd5 d6 7. e3 Nbd7 8. a3 Bxc3+ 9. bxc3 O-O 10. c4 b5
1957 Wenen etc – Round 5 – Korchnoi, Viktor – 1-0 – Kieninger, Georg – G30 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Nf3 c5 5. d5 d6 6. Bd2 O-O 7. e3 e5 8. Qc2 Bg4 9. Bd3 Bxf3 10. gxf3 Nbd7
1958 Buenos Aires V – Round 1 – Marini, Luis – 1/2-1/2 – Buj, Pablo – G1 1. c4 Nf6 2. Nc3 e6 3. d4 Bb4 4. Nf3 c5 5. d5 b5 6. dxe6 fxe6 7. cxb5 d5 8. e3 O-O 9. Be2 Bb7 10. O-O Nbd7
1958 Munich olm fin-B – Round 7 – Kristjansson, Olafur – 0-1 – Alvarez Martin, Pedro – G65 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Nf3 c5 5. a3 Bxc3+ 6. bxc3 d5 7. cxd5 exd5 8. e3 O-O 9. Be2 Ne4 10. Bd2 Nc6
1960 Leipzig olm fin-B – Round 5 – Johannessen, Simon T – 1-0 – Sliwa, Bogdan – G54 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Nf3 c5 5. a3 Bxc3+ 6. bxc3 d6 7. dxc5 dxc5 8. Qxd8+ Kxd8 9. Ne5 Ke7 10. g3 Nfd7
1961 Hastings6162 – Round 9 – Flohr, Salo – 1/2-1/2 – Botvinnik, Mikhail – G37 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Nf3 c5 5. a3 Bxc3+ 6. bxc3 Qa5 7. Bd2 Ne4 8. Qc2 Nxd2 9. Qxd2 cxd4 10. cxd4 Nc6
1961 New York ch-USA – Round 10 – Kramer, Gerald – 1/2-1/2 – Turner, Abe J – G49 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Nf3 c5 5. Bd2 O-O 6. Rc1 cxd4 7. Nxd4 Nc6 8. Nf3 d5 9. a3 Be7 10. e3 a6
1962 Poznan ch POL – Round 9 – Cylwik, Zbigniew – 0-1 – Schmidt, Wlodzimierz – G53 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Nf3 c5 5. d5 d6 6. e3 Bxc3+ 7. bxc3 e5 8. Be2 O-O 9. O-O Qe7 10. Nd2 e4
1963 Sarajevo – Round 4 – Simagin, Vladimir – 1/2-1/2 – Ivkov, Borislav – G24 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Nf3 c5 5. d5 d6 6. Bg5 h6 7. Bh4 Bxc3+ 8. bxc3 e5 9. Nd2 Nbd7 10. e3 Nf8
1964 Amsterdam Interzonal – Round 14 – Perez Perez, Francisco Jose – 0-1 – Pachman, Ludek – G134 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Nf3 c5 5. d5 Bxc3+ 6. bxc3 d6 7. Bg5 e5 8. Nd2 h6 9. Bh4 Nbd7 10. e3 Qe7
1964 Chigorin Memorial – Round 11 – Antoshin, Vladimir S – 0-1 – Garcia Martinez, Silvino – G71 1. d4 e6 2. c4 Nf6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Nf3 c5 5. d5 b5 6. dxe6 fxe6 7. cxb5 d5 8. e3 Ne4 9. Bd2 Nxd2 10. Qxd2 O-O
1965 Asztalos Memorial 8th – Round 4 – Kluger, Gyula – 1/2-1/2 – Flesch, Janos – G22 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Nf3 c5 5. d5 d6 6. Bd2 exd5 7. Nxd5 Nxd5 8. cxd5 Bxd2+ 9. Nxd2 O-O 10. g3 Re8
1965 Capablanca Memorial – Round 1 – Pachman, Ludek – 1/2-1/2 – Ivkov, Borislav – G1 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Nf3 c5 5. d5 d6 6. Bd2 e5 7. Qc2 Bg4 8. e3 O-O 9. a3 Ba5 10. Bd3 Re8
1965 Capablanca Memorial – Round 5 – Pachman, Ludek – 1/2-1/2 – Kholmov, Ratmir D – G47 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Nf3 c5 5. d5 d6 6. Bd2 O-O 7. e3 exd5 8. Nxd5 Nxd5 9. cxd5 Bxd2+ 10. Nxd2 Nd7
1965 Hungary – Round 1 – Kluger, Gyula – 1/2-1/2 – Barczay, Laszlo – G29 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Nf3 c5 5. d5 d6 6. Bd2 e5 7. Qc2 Bxc3 8. Bxc3 Na6 9. a3 O-O 10. e3 Bd7
1965 URS-JUG – Round 4 – Korchnoi, Viktor – 1-0 – Parma, Bruno – G13 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Nf3 c5 5. d5 exd5 6. cxd5 d6 7. e3 O-O 8. Bd3 Nxd5 9. Bxh7+ Kxh7 10. Qxd5 Kg8
1966 Zinnowitz Zinnowitz GER – Round 5 – Marovic, Drazen – 1/2-1/2 – Antoshin, Vladimir S – G15 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Nf3 c5 5. d5 d6 6. a3 Bxc3+ 7. bxc3 e5 8. Qc2 e4 9. Nh4 h6 10. g3 Qe7
1968 Toronto CAN Open – Round 1 – Armstrong, Robert J – 1-0 – Zalys, Ignas – G1 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Nf3 c5 5. Bd2 O-O 6. a3 Bxc3 7. Bxc3 Ne4 8. Rc1 b6 9. e3 Bb7 10. Be2 d5
1968 URS Team Ch – Round 1 – Borisenko, Georgy K – 1-0 – Sakharov, Yuri N – G50 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Nf3 c5 5. d5 exd5 6. cxd5 O-O 7. g3 b5 8. Bg2 Bb7 9. Nh4 Re8 10. O-O Bxc3
1968 URS Team Ch – Round 1 – Borisenko, Georgy K – 1/2-1/2 – Osnos, Viatcheslav – G47 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Nf3 c5 5. d5 d6 6. Bd2 O-O 7. e3 Bxc3 8. Bxc3 exd5 9. cxd5 b6 10. Bc4 Ba6
1969 Hoogovens – Round 1 – Ree, Hans – 0-1 – Langeweg, Kick – G1 1. c4 e6 2. Nc3 Bb4 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. d4 c5 5. d5 d6 6. Bd2 O-O 7. e3 exd5 8. cxd5 Bxc3 9. Bxc3 Ne4 10. Be2 Bg4
1969 Luhacovice – Round 1 – Navarovszky, Laszlo – 1/2-1/2 – Augustin, Josef – G3 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Nf3 c5 5. Bg5 h6 6. Bxf6 Qxf6 7. Rc1 d6 8. e3 O-O 9. Be2 Nc6 10. O-O Bxc3
1969 Sweden – Round 1 – Alfredsson, Ove – 0-1 – Jansson, Borje – G5 1. c4 Nf6 2. Nc3 e6 3. Nf3 Bb4 4. d4 c5 5. Bg5 cxd4 6. Qxd4 Nc6 7. Qh4 Be7 8. e4 Qa5 9. Bd3 h6 10. O-O a6
1969 USSR – Round 1 – Balashov, Yuri S – 0-1 – Mititelu, Gheorghe – G15 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Nf3 c5 5. d5 Bxc3+ 6. bxc3 d6 7. e3 e5 8. Qc2 Qe7 9. Be2 O-O 10. Nd2 e4
1969 Villa Gesell tt – Round 2 – Pelikán, Jiří – 1/2-1/2 – Ocampo, Raul – G11 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Nf3 c5 5. Bd2 Bxc3 6. Bxc3 Ne4 7. Rc1 Nxc3 8. Rxc3 d6 9. e3 b6 10. Be2 O-O
Biel Interzonal 1976 – Round 12 – Gulko, Boris – 1/2-1/2 – Tal, Mikhail – G57 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Nf3 c5 5. Bg5 cxd4 6. Nxd4 O-O 7. Rc1 Nc6 8. e3 d5 9. a3 Be7 10. cxd5 Nxd4

E21c — Three Knights

1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Bb4 4.Nf3 c5

Eval: [+0.21]

Les coups candidats

5.g3 — 52.4% (3020 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Stocek, Jiri (36x), Bacrot, Etienne (32x), Chatalbashev, Boris (28x), Ubilava, Elizbar (27x), Moiseenko, Alexander (27x), Farago, Ivan (25x), Gaprindashvili, Nona (23x), Zvjaginsev, Vadim (20x)

5.e3 — 31.7% (1827 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Borisenko, Georgy K (32x), Pinter, Jozsef (23x), Korchnoi, Viktor (13x), Kolanek, Roman (13x), Pachman, Ludek (8x), Taimanov, Mark (8x), Wade, Robert G (8x), Osnos, Viatcheslav (7x)

5.a3 — 4.4% (252 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Botvinnik, Mikhail (2x), Schroecker, Maria-Luise (2x), Vetter, Udo (2x), Lukasevicius, Petras (2x), Stocek, Jiri (2x), Ryska, Jirí (2x), Grigoriev, A. (1x), Petrosian, Tigran A. (1x)

5.d5 — 3.4% (198 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Kluger, Gyula (6x), Horvath, Peter (4x), Antoshin, Vladimir S (3x), Pachman, Ludek (3x), Borisenko, Georgy K (3x), Korchnoi, Viktor (3x), Paasikangas, Johanna (3x), Ravnik, Ivan (3x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	5.g3	5.e3	5.a3	5.d5
<1800	126	18%	43%	10%	5%
1800-2200	1234	34%	43%	8%	4%
2200-2600	2950	67%	24%	1%	2%
2600+	360	91%	8%	—	0%

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	5.g3	5.e3	5.a3	5.d5
1910s	1	—	100%	—	—
1920s	7	29%	43%	—	—
1930s	8	—	50%	38%	—
1940s	6	—	33%	33%	—
1950s	89	—	73%	8%	11%
1960s	161	2%	77%	2%	15%
1970s	135	18%	65%	3%	6%
1980s	587	68%	23%	2%	2%
1990s	1019	53%	27%	5%	4%
2000s	1841	56%	28%	4%	3%
2010s	1691	53%	33%	5%	3%
2020s	222	52%	31%	5%	3%

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
5.g3	53%	52%	▼ -0.6%
5.e3	33%	31%	▼ -1.5%
5.a3	5%	5%	▲ +0.9%
5.d5	3%	3%	-0.3%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Kasparov, Garry — 10 parties
Karpov, Anatoly — 10 parties
Anand, Viswanathan — 10 parties
Carlsen, Magnus — 10 parties
Kramnik, Vladimir — 9 parties
Tal, Mikhail — 7 parties
Karpov, Aleksandr — 7 parties
Botvinnik, Mikhail — 3 parties
Hou, Yifan — 2 parties
Ju, Wenjun — 2 parties
Lasker, Emanuel — 1 partie
Euwe, Max — 1 partie
Smyslov, Vladimir — 1 partie
Gukesh D — 1 partie

Parties historiques

5.g3 — 52.4% (3020 parties)

1921 — Liberman Rubinstein, Joseph vs Maroczi — 1-0 — Lancashire
1922 — Rubinstein, Akiba vs Maroczy, Geza — 1-0 — Londen
1968 — De Carbonnel, Heinz vs Sanakoev, Grigory — 1/2-1/2 — 6th CC World Ch Final 6871
1968 — Liptay, Laszlo Dr. vs Dely, Peter — 1/2-1/2 — HUN
1968 — Liptay, Laszlo Dr. vs Janata, Michael — 1/2-1/2 — Moscow RUS

5.e3 — 31.7% (1827 parties)

1919 — Maier, Gennadi vs Lasker, Emanuel — 1/2-1/2 — sim Munich
1920 — Johner, Paul vs Berndtsson, Karl — 1-0 — Goteborg SWE
1920 — Euwe, Max vs Berndtsson, Karl — 1-0 — Goteborg SWE
1928 — Saemisch, Friedrich vs Steiner, Lajos — 1-0 — Berlin GER
1931 — Michlo, Joseph vs Steiner, Endre — 0-1 — Budapest HUN

5.a3 — 4.4% (252 parties)

1934 — Dyner, Israel Boruch vs Dreyer, Martin P — 1-0 — ?
1938 — Kouzmine, Karawaeff vs Znosko-Borovsky, Eugene — 0-1 — Paris FRA
1939 — Botvinnik, Mikhail vs Kan, Ilya A — 1-0 — Leningrad ch-URS
1945 — Grigoriev, A. vs Petrosian, Tigran A. — 0-1 — Tbilisi Tbilisi GEO
1945 — Puc, Stojan vs Pachman, Ludek — 1/2-1/2 — Ljubljana

5.d5 — 3.4% (198 parties)

1954 — Castillo Larenas, Mariano vs Shocron, Ruben — 1/2-1/2 — Mar del Plata ARG
1956 — Olivera, Alfredo vs Bauza, Lorenzo — 0-1 — Montevideo URU
1957 — Szabo, Laszlo vs Donner, Jan-Hein — 1-0 — Wageningen zt
1957 — Tolush, Alexander V vs Nedeljkovic, Srecko M — 1/2-1/2 — Leningrad RUS
1957 — Korchnoi, Viktor vs Nedeljkovic, Srecko M — 1-0 — Vienna AUT

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