Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	—
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	—	● b7→c6, f7→g6, h7→g6
Passés	—	—
Majorité	—	● aile dame 3v2

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	● e5 (2v1), ● g5 (2v0)	● f5 (2v0)
Cases faibles	—	—
Centre	● e4 (1v0), ● e5 (2v1)	—

Colonnes et diagonales

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Semi-ouvertes	● c	● d

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bc1	● Bc1 Non développé (mob. 5)
Bf1	● Bf1 Non développé (mob. 0)
Bg7		● Bg7 Actif (mob. 5)
Bc8		● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 5)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Non développées	4 (● c1, ● f1, ● a1, ● h1)	4 (● b8, ● c8, ● a8, ● h8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Au centre	● Au centre
Droits de roque	O-O / O-O-O	O-O / O-O-O

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	mobile
Ruptures	—	● …c6-c5, ● …e7-e5

D96g — Gruenfeld: Russian, 5…c6 6.cxd5 Nxd5

1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 d5 4.Nf3 Bg7 5.Qb3 c6 6.cxd5 Nxd5 * ○ Trait aux Blancs

Ouverture — Centre mobile

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

abcdefgh

Plans. e4 (Occuper le centre — 76 % des parties) ; Nxd5 (Cavalier centralisé en d5 — 12 % des parties) ; Bg5 (Fou actif (mobilité 8), Développer c1 — 6 % des parties).

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

hgfedcba

Plans. ...Nb6 (40 % des parties) ; ...Nxc3 (Capture en c3 — 36 % des parties) ; ...O-O (Mettre le roi en sécurité, connecter les tours — 6 % des parties).

Avantages

Faiblesses

Diagonale active

Plans

Partie
1939 Leningrad ch-URS – Round 1 – Dubinin, Peter – 1/2-1/2 – Tolush, Alexander – G1 1. c4 Nf6 2. d4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. Qb3 c6 6. cxd5 Nxd5 7. Bd2 Nb6 8. Bf4 Be6 9. Qc2 O-O 10. e3 N8d7
1939 Leningrad/Moscow – Round 8 – Makogonov, Vladimir – 1/2-1/2 – Belavenets, Sergey – G6 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. Qb3 c6 6. cxd5 Nxd5 7. Nxd5 Qxd5 8. Qxd5 cxd5 9. e3 Nc6 10. Bd2 O-O
1941 Absolute Championship – Round 4 – Keres, Paul – 1/2-1/2 – Smyslov, Vladimir – G12 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. Qb3 c6 6. cxd5 Nxd5 7. e4 Nc7 8. Be3 O-O 9. Be2 Nd7 10. Rd1 b6
1941 Montevideo – Round 2 – Luckis, Marcos – 1-0 – Rossetto, Hector – G4 1. c4 Nf6 2. Nf3 g6 3. d4 Bg7 4. Nc3 d5 5. Qb3 c6 6. cxd5 Nxd5 7. e4 Nb6 8. Be3 Be6 9. d5 cxd5 10. Bb5+ N8d7
1945 Pan American – Round 1 – Rossetto, Hector – 0-1 – Kashdan, Isaac – G23 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. Qb3 c6 6. cxd5 Nxd5 7. e4 Nxc3 8. bxc3 O-O 9. Ba3 b6 10. Bc4 Ba6
1945 Quilmes – Round 7 – Letelier Martner, Rene – 1-0 – Reinhardt, Enrique – G27 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Qb3 c6 5. Nf3 Bg7 6. cxd5 Nxd5 7. e4 Nb6 8. Be3 O-O 9. Rd1 Be6 10. Qc2 N8d7
1946 Nottingham ch-BCF – Round 4 – Wood, Beau – 1-0 – Broadbent, Reginald – G32 1. d4 d5 2. c4 c6 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. Nc3 g6 5. Qb3 Bg7 6. cxd5 Nxd5 7. e4 Nb6 8. Be3 Be6 9. d5 cxd5 10. Bb5+ Bd7
1946 Pittsburgh Open – Round 1 – Forster, James Connor Christophe – 1/2-1/2 – Santasiere, Anthony – G33 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. Qb3 c6 6. cxd5 Nxd5 7. e4 Nb6 8. Be3 Be6 9. Qc2 O-O 10. Rd1 N8d7
1946 Stockholm SWE – Round ? – Stoltz, Gosta – 0-1 – Hult, Gunnar – G14 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. Qb3 c6 6. cxd5 Nxd5 7. e4 Nb6 8. Bf4 O-O 9. Rd1 Be6 10. d5 cxd5
1947 Aalborg – Round 6 – Wood, Baruch – 0-1 – Nielsen, Tage – G22 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. Qb3 c6 6. cxd5 Nxd5 7. e4 Nxc3 8. bxc3 O-O 9. Bc4 b5 10. Be2 c5
1947 Leningrad ch-URS – Round 8 – Keres, Paul – 1-0 – Dubinin, Peter – G91 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. Qb3 c6 6. cxd5 Nxd5 7. e4 Nb6 8. Be2 Be6 9. Qc2 Bg4 10. Be3 Bxf3
1947 Leningrad ch-URS – Round 8 – Smyslov, Vladimir – 1-0 – Lilienthal, Andor – G92 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. Qb3 c6 6. cxd5 Nxd5 7. e4 Nb6 8. Be3 O-O 9. Rd1 Be6 10. Qc2 Bc4
1947 Lueneburg – Round 1 – Bogoljubow, Efim – 1/2-1/2 – Saemisch, Friedrich – G1 1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. d4 Bg7 4. Nc3 d5 5. Qb3 c6 6. cxd5 Nxd5 7. e4 Nxc3 8. bxc3 O-O 9. Ba3 Nd7 10. Be2 c5
1947 Yugoslavia Ch – Round 13 – Bozic, Aleksandar – 1/2-1/2 – Tot, Bora – G63 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. Qb3 c6 6. cxd5 Nxd5 7. e4 Nxc3 8. bxc3 c5 9. Be3 cxd4 10. cxd4 O-O
1948 Buenos Aires/La Plata it – Round 1 – Najdorf, Miguel – 1-0 – Iliesco, Juan – G16 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. Qb3 c6 6. cxd5 Nxd5 7. e4 Nxc3 8. bxc3 O-O 9. Bc4 b5 10. Be2 Bb7
1948 CSR Ch Bratislava SVK – Round 13 – Richter, Emil – 1-0 – Sefc, Jan – G18 1. d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 g6 3. c4 Bg7 4. Nc3 d5 5. Qb3 c6 6. cxd5 Nxd5 7. e4 Nb6 8. Be3 O-O 9. Rd1 Be6 10. Qc2 Bc4
1948 Saltsjobaden Interzonal – Round 19 – Stahlberg, Gideon – 1-0 – Stoltz, Gabriel – G172 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. Qb3 c6 6. cxd5 Nxd5 7. e4 Nb6 8. Be3 Be6 9. Qc2 Bc4 10. Be2 O-O
1948 Stockholm – Round 1 – Stahlberg, Gideon – 1-0 – Stoltz, Gösta – G10 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nf3 d5 4. Nc3 Bg7 5. Qb3 c6 6. cxd5 Nxd5 7. e4 Nb6 8. Be3 Be6 9. Qc2 Bc4 10. Be2 N8d7
1948 World Championship 18th – Round 3 – Smyslov, Vladimir – 1/2-1/2 – Botvinnik, Mikhail – G2 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. Qb3 c6 6. cxd5 Nxd5 7. e4 Nb6 8. Be3 Be6 9. Qc2 Bc4 10. Be2 Na6
1948 YUG Ch – Round 8 – Subaric, Mladen – 0-1 – Puc, Stojan – G12 1. d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 g6 3. c4 Bg7 4. Nc3 d5 5. Qb3 c6 6. cxd5 Nxd5 7. Nxd5 Qxd5 8. Qxd5 cxd5 9. e3 Nc6 10. Bd2 O-O
1949 Budapest-Moscow – Round 4 – Tipary, Lajos – 1/2-1/2 – Flohr, Salo – G27 1. d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 g6 3. c4 Bg7 4. Nc3 d5 5. Qb3 c6 6. cxd5 Nxd5 7. Nxd5 cxd5 8. e3 O-O 9. Bd2 Nc6 10. Be2 e6
1949 Trencianske-Teplice – Round 9 – Stahlberg, Gideon – 1-0 – Erdelyi, Stefan – G45 1. d4 d5 2. c4 c6 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. Nc3 g6 5. Qb3 Bg7 6. cxd5 Nxd5 7. e4 Nb6 8. Be3 O-O 9. Be2 Be6 10. Qc2 Bc4
1952 Havana – Round 10 – Reshevsky, Samuel – 1-0 – Aguero Quesada, Gloriana – G85 1. d4 d5 2. c4 c6 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. Nc3 g6 5. Qb3 Bg7 6. cxd5 Nxd5 7. e4 Nc7 8. Be3 O-O 9. Be2 b6 10. O-O Ba6
1955 Poland ch13 – Round 10 – Doda, Zbigniew – 1-0 – Luczynowicz, Waclaw – G31 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. Qb3 c6 6. cxd5 Nxd5 7. e4 Nxc3 8. bxc3 Qb6 9. Ba3 Qxb3 10. axb3 Nd7
1959 Quilmes – Round 4 – Emma, Jaime – 0-1 – Schweber, Samuel – G35 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. Qb3 c6 6. cxd5 Nxd5 7. e4 Nb6 8. Be3 Be6 9. d5 cxd5 10. Bb5+ Nc6
1969 Hoogovens – Round 12 – Portisch, Lajos – 1/2-1/2 – Botvinnik, Mikhail – G97 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. Qb3 c6 6. cxd5 Nxd5 7. e4 Nb6 8. Be3 O-O 9. Rd1 Bg4 10. Be2 Qc7
Amber-rapid 3rd 1994 – Round 3 – Piket, Jeroen – 1/2-1/2 – Kamsky, Gata – G14 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. Qb3 c6 6. cxd5 Nxd5 7. e4 Nb6 8. Be3 Be6 9. Qc2 Bc4 10. Rd1 Na6

D96g — Gruenfeld: Russian (1939)

1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 d5 4.Nf3 Bg7 5.Qb3 c6 6.cxd5 Nxd5

Les coups candidats

7.e4 — 86.1% (223 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Rapaka Samuel Paul (2x), Zalys, Ignas (2x), Steinmeyer, Robert (2x), Petran, Pal (2x), Olf, Hans-Helmut (2x), Bossi, Noemi (2x), Artemiev, Vladislav (2x), Mihajlov, Sebastian (2x)

7.Nxd5 — 6.6% (17 parties)

Ambassadeurs : De Oliveira Fernande, William (1x), Gondim, Jose Adail (1x), Debrota, Steve (1x), Panzel, Kenneth (1x), Elkouss, Isaac (1x), Geloso, Claudio (1x), Giannoutsos, Panagiotis (1x), Korres, Georg. (1x)

7.Bg5 — 4.2% (11 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Lutz, Christopher (1x), Neidhardt, Claus, Dr. (1x), Renner, Christoph (1x), Klebel, Martin, Dr. (1x), Dejkalo, Stefan (1x), Sygulski, Artur (1x), Paranjpe, Pradeep (1x), Mont-Reynaud, Jordy (1x)

7.e3 — 2.3% (6 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Ridolfi, Raffaele (1x), Colantonio, Mauro (1x), Sciarretta, Dominic (1x), Gabriel, Robert (1x), Baldellou Vicente, Roberto (1x), Peirona, Juan Jose (1x), Burgos Garbin, Francesc (1x), Vigo Allepuz, David (1x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	7.e4	7.Nxd5	7.Bg5	7.e3
<1800	18	89%	11%	—	—
1800-2200	115	88%	4%	3%	3%
2200-2600	71	87%	4%	7%	1%
2600+	5	80%	—	20%	—

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	7.e4	7.Nxd5	7.Bg5	7.e3
1950s	11	91%	9%	—	—
1960s	4	100%	—	—	—
1970s	2	100%	—	—	—
1980s	10	50%	10%	30%	—
1990s	55	76%	13%	4%	5%
2000s	63	87%	5%	6%	2%
2010s	83	90%	5%	2%	2%
2020s	31	97%	3%	—	—

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
7.e4	90%	97%	▲ +6.4%
7.Nxd5	5%	3%	▼ -1.6%
7.Bg5	2%	0%	▼ -2.4%
7.e3	2%	0%	▼ -2.4%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Botvinnik, Mikhail — 1 partie
Anand, Viswanathan — 1 partie

Parties historiques

7.e4 — 86.1% (223 parties)

1950 — Hayes, Richard Thomas vs Zalys, Ignas — 0-1 — cr Golden Knights
1952 — Rapaka Samuel Paul vs Quesada, Americo — 1-0 — Havana CUB
1952 — Rapaka Samuel Paul vs Chappuis, G — 1-0 — Salt Lake City simul
1953 — Akankwasa Collins vs Viaud, Anthony — 1-0 — cr.
1954 — Steinmeyer, Robert vs Wills, Aimee — 1-0 — New Orleans, LA USA

7.Nxd5 — 6.6% (17 parties)

1951 — De Oliveira Fernande, William vs Gondim, Jose Adail — 1/2-1/2 — Fortaleza BRA
1982 — Debrota, Steve vs Panzel, Kenneth — 1/2-1/2 — Columbus, OH USA
1990 — Tipary, Lajos vs Flohr, Salomon — 1/2-1/2 — Budapest HUN
1992 — Palacios, Bobby vs Teodoro, Eduardo — 0-1 — Toronto CAN
1992 — Zilberman, Yaacov vs Chandler, Murray G — 0-1 — Londen open

7.Bg5 — 4.2% (11 parties)

1986 — Lutz, Christopher vs Neidhardt, Claus, Dr. — 1/2-1/2 — GER ch b20 Neunkirchen
1987 — Dejkalo, Stefan vs Sygulski, Artur — 0-1 — Poland
1988 — Renner, Christoph vs Klebel, Martin, Dr. — 1-0 — Bayern-ch
1992 — Paranjpe, Pradeep vs Mont-Reynaud, Jordy — 1-0 — California
1998 — Kosiorek, Marek vs Kolendo, Mateusz — 1-0 — POL-ch sf Czestochowa

7.e3 — 2.3% (6 parties)

1996 — Sciarretta, Dominic vs Gabriel, Robert — 1/2-1/2 — corr IECC CL2-1996
1997 — Ridolfi, Raffaele vs Colantonio, Mauro — 1-0 — Cecchina
1998 — Baldellou Vicente, Roberto vs Peirona, Juan Jose — 1-0 — San Jose
2001 — Burgos Garbin, Francesc vs Vigo Allepuz, David — 1/2-1/2 — ?
2010 — Toth, Christian Endre vs Santiago, Yago De Moura — 1-0 — Rio de Janeiro BRA

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