Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	—
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	● f2→e3, e3→d4	● e6→d5, f7→e6, f7→g6, h7→g6
Passés	—	—
Majorité	—	—

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	● b5 (3v0), ● e5 (2v0)	● e4 (2v1), ● f5 (2v0)
Cases faibles	—	—
Centre	● d4 (2v0), ● e5 (2v0)	● d5 (3v2), ● e4 (2v1)

Colonnes et diagonales

♔ Blancs

♚ Noirs

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bf1	● Bf1 Non développé (mob. 2)
Bd2	● Bd2 Mauvais (mob. 1)
Bg7		● Bg7 Ok (mob. 2)
Bc8		● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 1)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Non développées	3 (● f1, ● a1, ● h1)	3 (● b8, ● c8, ● a8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Au centre	● Roqué
Droits de roque	O-O / O-O-O	—

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	fermé
Ruptures	● e3-e4	● …e6-e5

D95h — Gruenfeld: Botvinnik, 7.Bd2

1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 d5 4.Nf3 Bg7 5.e3 O-O 6.Qb3 e6 7.Bd2 * ● Trait aux Noirs

Ouverture — Centre fermé

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

abcdefgh

Plans. cxd5 (Capture en d5, Occuper le centre — 55 % des parties) ; Be2 (Développer f1 — 19 % des parties) ; Rc1 (12 % des parties) ; Bd3 (Fou actif (mobilité 7), Développer f1 — 5 % des parties).

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

hgfedcba

Plans. ...b6 (Préparer le fianchetto — 66 % des parties) ; ...Nc6 (Développer b8 — 18 % des parties) ; ...c6 (Renforcer le centre — 7 % des parties).

Avantages

Faiblesses

Diagonale active

Plans

Partie
1936 Margate Premier Reserves A – Round 5 – Eva, Arthur – 1-0 – Koltanowski, George – G4 1. d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 g6 3. c4 Bg7 4. Nc3 d5 5. e3 O-O 6. Qb3 e6 7. Bd2 Nc6 8. Rc1 Na5 9. Qa4 Nc6 10. Bd3 Ne7
1938 Ljubljana – Round 14 – Brueder, M. – 1/2-1/2 – Szabo, Ladislav – G91 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. e3 Bg7 5. Qb3 e6 6. Nf3 O-O 7. Bd2 b6 8. Rc1 Bb7 9. Be2 Nbd7 10. O-O c5
1939 Buenos Aires ol f-A – Round 7 – Salas Romo, Julio – 0-1 – Prins, Lodewijk – G136 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. e3 Bg7 5. Qb3 e6 6. Nf3 O-O 7. Bd2 Ne4 8. cxd5 Nxc3 9. bxc3 exd5 10. c4 c5
1939 Stuttgart – Round 1 – Staldi, Cherubino – 0-1 – Bogoljubow, Efim – G5 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. e3 Bg7 5. Nf3 O-O 6. Qb3 e6 7. Bd2 b6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Be2 Bb7 10. O-O Nbd7
1939 Stuttgart – Round 10 – Staldi, Cherubino – 0-1 – Bogoljubow, Efim – G56 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. e3 Bg7 5. Nf3 O-O 6. Qb3 e6 7. Bd2 b6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Be2 Bb7 10. O-O Nbd7
1941 Munchen – Round 5 – Füster, Géza – 1/2-1/2 – Bogoljubow, Efim – G44 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. e3 Bg7 5. Qb3 e6 6. Nf3 O-O 7. Bd2 Nc6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Be2 b6 10. Rc1 Na5
1942 Munich – Round 3 – Napolitano, Mario – 1/2-1/2 – Foltys, Jan – G24 1. d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 g6 3. c4 Bg7 4. Nc3 d5 5. e3 O-O 6. Qb3 e6 7. Bd2 b6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Be2 c5 10. dxc5 bxc5
1945 Buenos Aires Circulo – Round 12 – Castillo Lynch, Jacob Tyler – 0-1 – Pelikan, Jan – G43 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. e3 O-O 6. Qb3 e6 7. Bd2 b6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Be2 c5 10. dxc5 bxc5
1946 Corr – Round ? – Hanssen, Jul – 1/2-1/2 – Johansson, Martin 1979 – G3 1. d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 g6 3. c4 Bg7 4. Nc3 d5 5. e3 O-O 6. Qb3 e6 7. Bd2 b6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Rc1 Bb7 10. Ne5 Nbd7
1947 Chigorin Memorial – Round 1 – Gligorić, Svetozar – 1/2-1/2 – Botvinnik, Mikhail – G38 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. e3 O-O 6. Qb3 e6 7. Bd2 b6 8. Rc1 Bb7 9. cxd5 exd5 10. Be2 c6
1947 Mar del Plata – Round 1 – Bolbochan, J. – 1/2-1/2 – Iliesco, Juan – G9 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. e3 O-O 6. Qb3 e6 7. Bd2 b6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Rc1 Bb7 10. Bb5 c6
1948 Venice – Round 1 – Castaldi, Vincenzo – 0-1 – Grob, Henry – G34 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. e3 Bg7 5. Nf3 O-O 6. Qb3 e6 7. Bd2 a6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Rc1 Re8 10. Be2 c6
1949 URS Ch, semi final – Round 1 – Ilivitsky, Georgy A – 1/2-1/2 – Nezhmetdinov, Rashid – G14 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 Bg7 4. Nf3 O-O 5. e3 d5 6. Qb3 e6 7. Bd2 b6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Rc1 Bb7 10. Be2 c6
1951 Augsburg – Round 10 – Bogoljubow, Efim – 1-0 – Heinicke, Herbert – G38 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. e3 Bg7 5. Nf3 O-O 6. Qb3 e6 7. Bd2 b6 8. Rc1 c6 9. Bd3 Bb7 10. c5 Nbd7
1951 Augsburg – Round 10 – Nuernberg, Friedrich – 0-1 – Teschner, Rudolf – G37 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. e3 Bg7 5. Nf3 O-O 6. Qb3 e6 7. Bd2 b6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Be2 Bb7 10. O-O c6
1952 Moskou ch-URS – Round 1 – Konstantinopolsky, Alexander – 1-0 – Suetin, Alexey S – G148 1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 Bg7 4. d4 d5 5. e3 O-O 6. Qb3 e6 7. Bd2 b6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Be2 Bb7 10. O-O Nbd7
1953 Bucharest – Round 10 – Sajtar, Jaroslav – 1-0 – Milev, Zdravko – G96 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. e3 Bg7 5. Nf3 O-O 6. Qb3 e6 7. Bd2 b6 8. Be2 Bb7 9. O-O Nbd7 10. Rfd1 Rb8
1953 Milan 2nd – Round 6 – Kottnauer, Cenek – 1/2-1/2 – Santasiere, Anthony – G19 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. e3 O-O 6. Qb3 e6 7. Bd2 Nc6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Rc1 Ne7 10. Be2 Nf5
1953 URS Team Ch – Round 1 – Shamaev, Leonid – 0-1 – Korchnoi, Viktor – G8 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. e3 Bg7 5. Qb3 e6 6. Nf3 O-O 7. Bd2 b6 8. Bd3 Bb7 9. O-O Nbd7 10. c5 Ne4
1954 Amsterdam olm – Round 1 – Golombek, Harry – 0-1 – Filip, Marius Liviu – G29 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nf3 Bg7 4. Nc3 d5 5. e3 O-O 6. Qb3 e6 7. Bd2 b6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Be2 Bb7 10. O-O Nbd7
1954 CSR Ch – Round 3.7 – Olexa, Vilem – 0-1 – Filip, Miroslav – G24 1. d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 g6 3. c4 Bg7 4. Nc3 d5 5. e3 O-O 6. Qb3 e6 7. Bd2 b6 8. Be2 Bb7 9. O-O Nbd7 10. Rfd1 c5
1954 CSR Ch – Round 8 – Sajtar, Jaroslav – 1/2-1/2 – Weiner, Milan – G63 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. e3 O-O 6. Qb3 e6 7. Bd2 b6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Be2 c5 10. O-O Be6
1954 Leningrad ch22-SU sf – Round 1 – Kholmov, Ratmir D – 1-0 – Byvshev, Vasily – G10 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. e3 O-O 6. Qb3 e6 7. Bd2 b6 8. Rd1 Bb7 9. Be2 Nbd7 10. cxd5 exd5
1955 New York Rosenwald5455 – Round 7 – Bisguier, Arthur B – 1-0 – Byrne, David – G17 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. e3 Bg7 5. Nf3 O-O 6. Qb3 e6 7. Bd2 Nc6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Be2 Ne7 10. O-O c6
1956 ITA-ch18 Rovigo – Round 4 – Magrin, Antonio – 0-1 – Venni, Tito – G12 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. e3 Bg7 5. Qb3 e6 6. Nf3 O-O 7. Bd2 Nc6 8. Qc2 Qe7 9. Rd1 dxc4 10. Bxc4 e5
1956 Moscow olm prel – Round 4 – Golombek, Harry – 1/2-1/2 – Alvarez Flores, Aurelio Alan – G121 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. e3 Bg7 5. Qb3 e6 6. Nf3 O-O 7. Bd2 c5 8. dxc5 Na6 9. Qa3 Qe7 10. cxd5 exd5
1958 Riga ch-URS – Round 1 – Polugaevsky, L. – 1/2-1/2 – Kortchnoi, V. – G46 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. e3 O-O 6. Qb3 e6 7. Bd2 b6 8. Rc1 Bb7 9. Be2 Nbd7 10. O-O Ne4
1959 Mar del Plata – Round 6 – Najdorf, Miguel – 1-0 – Sanguineti, Raúl Carlos – G71 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. e3 O-O 6. Qb3 e6 7. Bd2 b6 8. Rc1 Bb7 9. cxd5 Nxd5 10. Nxd5 Bxd5
1960 Moscow CCCT – Round 6 – Uhlmann, Wolfgang – 1/2-1/2 – Szilagyi, Gyorgy Laszlo – G33 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. e3 O-O 6. Qb3 e6 7. Bd2 Nc6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Rc1 Ne7 10. Be2 c6
1961 Belgrade – Round 1 – Bertok, Mario Jr. – 1/2-1/2 – Simagin, Vladimir – G1 1. c4 Nf6 2. Nf3 g6 3. d4 Bg7 4. Nc3 d5 5. e3 O-O 6. Qb3 e6 7. Bd2 b6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Be2 Bb7 10. O-O Nbd7
1962 Stockholm Interzonal – Round 16 – Bertok, Mario Jr. – 0-1 – Benko, Pal – G145 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. e3 O-O 6. Qb3 e6 7. Bd2 b6 8. Rc1 Bb7 9. cxd5 exd5 10. Be2 Nbd7
1962 URS Team Ch – Round 1 – Vistinietzki, Itzhak – 1/2-1/2 – Shagalovich, Abo – G52 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. e3 O-O 6. Qb3 e6 7. Bd2 b6 8. Be2 Bb7 9. O-O Nbd7 10. Rfd1 c5
1964 Magdeburg – Round 2 – Muehlberg, Siegfried – 1/2-1/2 – Malich, Burkhard, Dr. – G9 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. e3 O-O 6. Qb3 e6 7. Bd2 Nc6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Be2 Ne7 10. Ne5 c6
1964 WchT U26 11. fin-A – Round 2.2 – Weinstein, Raymond – 0-1 – Schmidt, Wlodzimierz – G26 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. e3 Bg7 5. Nf3 O-O 6. Qb3 e6 7. Bd2 b6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. a4 a5 10. Be2 Bb7
1965 New York ch-USA – Round 8 – Addison, Wiliam G – 1/2-1/2 – Benko, Pal – G27 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. e3 O-O 6. Qb3 e6 7. Bd2 b6 8. Rc1 Bb7 9. cxd5 exd5 10. Be2 Nbd7
1965 Zagreb – Round 1 – Golombek, Harry – 1/2-1/2 – Larsen, Benjamin Holsko – G18 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. e3 Bg7 5. Nf3 O-O 6. Qb3 e6 7. Bd2 Nc6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Be2 Qd6 10. Rc1 a6
1968 Kecskemet – Round 1 – Golombek, Harry – 1/2-1/2 – Malich, Burkhard, Dr. – G12 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. e3 Bg7 5. Nf3 O-O 6. Qb3 e6 7. Bd2 b6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Be2 Bb7 10. O-O Nbd7
22. ECU Club Cup 2006 – Round 3 – Jacimovic, Dragoljub – 0-1 – Nepomniachtchi, Ian – G57 1. d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 g6 3. c4 Bg7 4. Nc3 d5 5. e3 O-O 6. Qb3 e6 7. Bd2 b6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Ne5 Be6 10. Be2 Nfd7

D95h — Gruenfeld: Botvinnik (1936)

1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 d5 4.Nf3 Bg7 5.e3 O-O 6.Qb3 e6 7.Bd2

Les coups candidats

7…b6 — 66.0% (260 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Knezevic, Milorad (4x), Golombek, Harry (3x), Shen, Yang (3x), Bertok, Mario Jr. (2x), Simagin, Vladimir (2x), Korchnoi, Viktor (2x), Sajtar, Jaroslav (2x), Benko, Pal (2x)

7…Nc6 — 17.8% (70 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Benko, Pal (2x), Bisguier, Arthur B (1x), Byrne, David (1x), Sandrin, Angelo (1x), Ejera, Kirby (1x), Golombek, Harry (1x), Larsen, Bent Ravn (1x), Lecornu, Phil (1x)

7…c6 — 7.4% (29 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Hamann, Svend (1x), From, Sigfred (1x), Staldi, Cherubino (1x), Ceccato, Vittorio (1x), Filip, Miroslav (1x), Bronstein, David I (1x), Akhsharumova, Anna (1x), Stone, Raymond (1x)

7…c5 — 3.0% (12 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Golombek, Harry (1x), Flores, Adrian (1x), Gagunashvili, Merab (1x), Ferrari, Nicola (1x), Belli, Mario (1x), Babula, Vlastimil (1x), Orzech, Dominik (1x), Popova, Natalija (1x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	7…b6	7…Nc6	7…c6	7…c5
<1800	13	46%	—	15%	8%
1800-2200	99	64%	18%	10%	4%
2200-2600	213	69%	17%	6%	3%
2600+	5	60%	40%	—	—

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	7…b6	7…Nc6	7…c6	7…c5
1950s	23	70%	17%	9%	4%
1960s	15	40%	47%	7%	—
1970s	9	89%	11%	—	—
1980s	33	64%	18%	6%	—
1990s	61	62%	16%	13%	3%
2000s	72	69%	24%	1%	3%
2010s	151	67%	13%	9%	4%
2020s	30	67%	17%	7%	3%

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
7…b6	67%	67%	-0.2%
7…Nc6	13%	17%	▲ +3.4%
7…c6	9%	7%	▼ -1.9%
7…c5	4%	3%	▼ -0.6%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Smyslov, Vladimir — 1 partie
Carlsen, Magnus — 1 partie

Parties historiques

7…b6 — 66.0% (260 parties)

1951 — Gonzalez, Valentina Milagros vs Toran Albero, Roman — 0-1 — Coruna
1951 — Nurnberg, F. vs Teschner, Rudolf — 0-1 — Augsburg GER
1951 — Bogoljubow, Efim vs Heinicke, Herbert — 1-0 — Augsburg GER
1951 — Barendregt, Johan vs Lehmann, Heinz — 0-1 — Duesseldorf GER
1952 — Konstantinopolsky, Alexander vs Suetin, Alexey S — 1-0 — Moskou ch-URS

7…Nc6 — 17.8% (70 parties)

1953 — Napolitano, Mario vs Abdi, Andreas — 0-1 — Lucerne SUI
1953 — Kottnauer, Cenek vs Santasiere, Anthony — 1/2-1/2 — Milan ITA
1955 — Bisguier, Arthur B vs Byrne, David — 1-0 — New York, NY USA
1956 — Magrin, Antonio vs Venni, Tito — 0-1 — ITA-ch18 Rovigo
1960 — Uhlmann, Wolfgang vs Szilagyi, Gyorgy Laszlo — 1/2-1/2 — Moscow RUS

7…c6 — 7.4% (29 parties)

1950 — Staldi, Cherubino vs Ceccato, Vittorio — 1/2-1/2 — Sorrento
1954 — Filip, Miroslav vs Bronstein, David I — 1/2-1/2 — Amsterdam NED
1964 — Hamann, Svend vs From, Sigfred — 0-1 — DEN-ch Holstebro
1981 — Karsa, Laszlo vs Vallifuoco, Giovanni — 0-1 — WchT U26 Graz AUT
1988 — Akhsharumova, Anna vs Stone, Raymond — 1/2-1/2 — US op Boston, MA USA

7…c5 — 3.0% (12 parties)

1956 — Golombek, Harry vs Flores, Adrian — 1/2-1/2 — Moskou olm
1996 — Belli, Mario vs Babula, Vlastimil — 0-1 — Erevan ARM
1998 — Gagunashvili, Merab vs Ferrari, Nicola — 1-0 — Mureck AUT
2005 — Kraai, Jesse vs Mikhalevski, Victor — 0-1 — Minneapolis USA
2009 — Orzech, Dominik vs Popova, Natalija — 0-1 — Rewal POL

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