D82f — Gruenfeld: 4.Bf4 Bg7 5.e3 c5 6.dxc5 Qa5 7.Rc1

1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 d5 4.Bf4 Bg7 5.e3 c5 6.dxc5 Qa5 7.Rc1 * ● Trait aux Noirs

Ouverture — Centre mobile

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

abcdefgh

Plans. cxd5 (Capture en d5, Occuper le centre — 25 % des parties) ; Ne2 (Développer g1 — 4 % des parties).

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

hgfedcba

Plans. ...dxc4 (Capture en c4, Frapper le centre adverse — 68 % des parties) ; ...Ne4 (Cavalier centralisé en e4 — 26 % des parties).

Avantages

Faiblesses

Diagonale active

Plans

Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	● c4, ● c5	—
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	● f2→e3	● f7→g6, h7→g6
Passés	—	—
Majorité	● aile dame 4v2	—

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	● d4 (2v0), ● b5 (2v1)	● e4 (2v1), ● g4 (2v1), ● f5 (2v0)
Cases faibles	—	● d5
Centre	● d4 (2v0), ● d5 (3v1), ● e5 (1v0)	● e4 (2v1)

Colonnes et diagonales

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Semi-ouvertes	● d	● c

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bf1	● Bf1 Non développé (mob. 2)
Bf4	● Bf4 Actif (mob. 7)
Bg7		● Bg7 Ok (mob. 2)
Bc8		● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 5)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Clouages	● knight c3	—
Non développées	3 (● g1, ● f1, ● h1)	4 (● b8, ● c8, ● a8, ● h8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Au centre	● Au centre
Droits de roque	O-O	O-O / O-O-O

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	mobile
Ruptures	● c5-c6, ● e3-e4	● …d5-d4

Partie
18. Amber Blindfold 2009 – Round 1 – Kramnik, Vladimir – 1-0 – Morozevich, Alexander – G2 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Bf4 Bg7 5. e3 c5 6. dxc5 Qa5 7. Rc1 dxc4 8. Bxc4 O-O 9. Nf3 Qxc5 10. Bb3 Nc6
18. Amber Blindfold 2009 – Round 9 – Kramnik, Vladimir – 0-1 – Ivanchuk, Vasyl – G20 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Bf4 Bg7 5. e3 c5 6. dxc5 Qa5 7. Rc1 Ne4 8. cxd5 Nxc3 9. Qd2 Qxa2 10. bxc3 Qa5
18. Amber Rapid 2009 – Round 10 – Kramnik, Vladimir – 1/2-1/2 – Carlsen, Magnus – G22 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Bf4 Bg7 5. e3 c5 6. dxc5 Qa5 7. Rc1 Ne4 8. cxd5 Nxc3 9. Qd2 Qxa2 10. bxc3 Qa5
1969 US Open – Round 9 – Martz, William – 0-1 – Byrne, Ray – G25 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Bf4 Bg7 5. e3 c5 6. dxc5 Qa5 7. Rc1 dxc4 8. Bxc4 O-O 9. Nf3 Qxc5 10. Bb3 Nc6
1970 Palma de Mallorca Interzonal – Round 8 – Reshevsky, Samuel – 1/2-1/2 – Hort, Vlastimil – G146 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Bf4 Bg7 5. e3 c5 6. dxc5 Qa5 7. Rc1 Ne4 8. Nf3 Nxc3 9. bxc3 Bxc3+ 10. Nd2 Be6
1971 Candidats final – Round 2 – Fischer, Robert James Jamesames – 1-0 – Petrosian, Tigran V. – G2 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Bf4 Bg7 5. e3 c5 6. dxc5 Qa5 7. Rc1 Ne4 8. cxd5 Nxc3 9. Qd2 Qxa2 10. bxc3 Qa5
1971 Moscow – Round 8 – Hort, Vlastimil – 1/2-1/2 – Uhlmann, Wolfgang – G101 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Bf4 Bg7 5. e3 c5 6. dxc5 Qa5 7. Rc1 dxc4 8. Bxc4 O-O 9. Nf3 Qxc5 10. Bb3 Nc6
20. European Teams 2015 – Round 8.7 – Kempinski, Robert – 1/2-1/2 – Areshchenko, Alexander – G358 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Bf4 Bg7 5. e3 c5 6. dxc5 Qa5 7. Rc1 dxc4 8. Bxc4 O-O 9. Nf3 Qxc5 10. Bb3 Nc6
5. MTel Masters 2009 – Round 1 – Wang, Yue(SH) – 1/2-1/2 – Dominguez Perez, Leinier – G2 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Bf4 Bg7 5. e3 c5 6. dxc5 Qa5 7. Rc1 dxc4 8. Bxc4 O-O 9. Ne2 Qxc5 10. Qb3 Nc6
5. MTel Masters 2009 – Round 10 – Wang, Yue(SH) – 1/2-1/2 – Topalov, Veselin – G26 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Bf4 Bg7 5. e3 c5 6. dxc5 Qa5 7. Rc1 dxc4 8. Bxc4 O-O 9. Ne2 Qxc5 10. Qb3 Nc6
6. Tal Memorial 2011 – Round 8 – Aronian, Levon – 1-0 – Svidler, Peter – G30 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Bf4 Bg7 5. e3 c5 6. dxc5 Qa5 7. Rc1 dxc4 8. Bxc4 O-O 9. Nf3 Qxc5 10. Bb3 Nc6
7. Tal Mem Blitz 2012 – Round 8 – Aronian, Levon – 1-0 – Morozevich, Alexander – G7 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Bf4 Bg7 5. e3 c5 6. dxc5 Qa5 7. Rc1 dxc4 8. Bxc4 O-O 9. Nf3 Qxc5 10. Bb3 Qa5
7. World Team Championship 2010 – Round 6 – Mamedyarov, Shakhriyar – 1/2-1/2 – Sutovsky, Emil – G98 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Bf4 Bg7 5. e3 c5 6. dxc5 Qa5 7. Rc1 dxc4 8. Bxc4 O-O 9. Nf3 Qxc5 10. Bb3 Nc6
83. Tata Steel Masters 2021 – Round 11.7 – Wojtaszek, Radoslaw – 1/2-1/2 – Vachier-Lagrave, Maxime – G80 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Bf4 Bg7 5. e3 c5 6. dxc5 Qa5 7. Rc1 dxc4 8. Bxc4 O-O 9. Ne2 Nc6 10. O-O Qxc5
Amber Blindfold 2001 – Round 3 – Piket, Jeroen – 1/2-1/2 – Van Wely, Loek – G11 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Bf4 Bg7 5. e3 c5 6. dxc5 Qa5 7. Rc1 dxc4 8. Bxc4 O-O 9. Ne2 Qxc5 10. Qb3 Nc6
Amber Blindfold 2001 – Round 7 – Piket, Jeroen – 1-0 – Leko, Peter – G23 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Bf4 Bg7 5. e3 c5 6. dxc5 Qa5 7. Rc1 dxc4 8. Bxc4 O-O 9. Ne2 Qxc5 10. Qb3 Qa5
Belgrade 1989 – Round ? – Timman, Jan H – 1/2-1/2 – Popovic, Petar – G30 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Bf4 Bg7 5. e3 c5 6. dxc5 Qa5 7. Rc1 Ne4 8. cxd5 Nxc3 9. Qd2 Qxa2 10. bxc3 Qxd2+
Breda m 1979 – Round 4 – Polugaevsky, Lev – 1/2-1/2 – Timman, Jan H – G4 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Bf4 Bg7 5. e3 c5 6. dxc5 Qa5 7. Rc1 Ne4 8. cxd5 Nxc3 9. Qd2 Qxa2 10. bxc3 Qa5
Eurotel Trophy 2002 – Round 1.1 – Piket, Jeroen – 0-1 – Svidler, Peter – G8 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Bf4 Bg7 5. e3 c5 6. dxc5 Qa5 7. Rc1 Ne4 8. cxd5 Nxc3 9. Qd2 Qxa2 10. Rxc3 O-O
FIDE World Cup 2025 – Round R2 Classical 1 – Bassem Amin – 1/2-1/2 – Gledura Benjamin – G273 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 d6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 a6 6. Be2 e5 7. Nb3 Be7 8. Be3 Be6 9. O-O O-O 10. Qd3 Nc6
Hoogovens 1999 – Round 2 – Sokolov, Ivan. – 0-1 – Shirov, Alexei – G7 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Bf4 Bg7 5. e3 c5 6. dxc5 Qa5 7. Rc1 dxc4 8. Bxc4 O-O 9. Nf3 Qxc5 10. Bb3 Nc6
Moscow FIDE Grand Prix 2019 – Round 1.1 – Wojtaszek, Radoslaw – 1-0 – Mamedyarov, Shakhriyar – G3 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Bf4 Bg7 5. e3 c5 6. dxc5 Qa5 7. Rc1 dxc4 8. Bxc4 O-O 9. Ne2 Qxc5 10. Qb3 Qa5
Moskou ch-URS 1988 – Round 17 – Beliavsky, Alexander G – 0-1 – Gavrikov, Viktor – G96 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Bf4 Bg7 5. e3 c5 6. dxc5 Qa5 7. Rc1 dxc4 8. Bxc4 O-O 9. Nf3 Qxc5 10. Bb3 Qa5
TCh-RUS 2008 – Round 4 – Lysyj, Igor – 1/2-1/2 – Shirov, Alexei – G107 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Bf4 Bg7 5. e3 c5 6. dxc5 Qa5 7. Rc1 dxc4 8. Bxc4 O-O 9. Nf3 Qxc5 10. Bb3 Nc6
Turin ol (Men) 37th 2006 – Round 1 – Timoscenko, Gennadij – 1/2-1/2 – Atalik, Suat – G10 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Bf4 Bg7 5. e3 c5 6. dxc5 Qa5 7. Rc1 dxc4 8. Bxc4 O-O 9. Nf3 Qxc5 10. Bb3 Nc6
World Championship 33th-KK3 1986 – Round 11 – Karpov, Anatoly – 1/2-1/2 – Kasparov, Garry – G5 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Bf4 Bg7 5. e3 c5 6. dxc5 Qa5 7. Rc1 dxc4 8. Bxc4 O-O 9. Nf3 Qxc5 10. Bb3 Nc6
World Championship 33th-KK3 1986 – Round 5 – Karpov, Anatoly – 1-0 – Kasparov, Garry – G2 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Bf4 Bg7 5. e3 c5 6. dxc5 Qa5 7. Rc1 Ne4 8. cxd5 Nxc3 9. Qd2 Qxa2 10. bxc3 Qxd2+
World Championship 33th-KK3 1986 – Round 9 – Karpov, Anatoly – 1/2-1/2 – Kasparov, Garry – G4 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Bf4 Bg7 5. e3 c5 6. dxc5 Qa5 7. Rc1 dxc4 8. Bxc4 O-O 9. Nf3 Qxc5 10. Bb3 Nc6
World Rapid 2019 – Round 14.7 – Dubov, Daniil – 1-0 – Svidler, Peter – G936 1. c4 g6 2. d4 Nf6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Bf4 Bg7 5. e3 c5 6. dxc5 Qa5 7. Rc1 dxc4 8. Bxc4 O-O 9. Nf3 Qxc5 10. Bb3 Qa5
World Rapid 2019 – Round 14.84 – Batchuluun, Tsegmed – 1/2-1/2 – Aditya Tari – G941 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Bf4 Bg7 5. e3 c5 6. dxc5 Qa5 7. Rc1 dxc4 8. Bxc4 O-O 9. Nf3 Qxc5 10. Bb3 Qa5

D82f — Gruenfeld (1970)

1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 d5 4.Bf4 Bg7 5.e3 c5 6.dxc5 Qa5 7.Rc1

Les coups candidats

7…dxc4 — 68.5% (1039 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Meins, Gerlef (15x), Kiss, Pal (8x), Levitt, Jonathan P (7x), Leitao, Rafael (7x), Frijling, Jeroen (7x), Kopasov, Evgeny (6x), Szymczak, Zbigniew (6x), Bonade, Massimo (6x)

7…Ne4 — 26.2% (397 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Kiss, Pal (7x), Gulko, Boris (5x), Huzman, Alexander (5x), Van der Sterren, Paul (4x), Neverov, Valeriy (4x), Levitt, Jonathan P (4x), Agzamov, Georgy (3x), Bakheet Farag (3x)

7…O-O — 3.2% (48 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Mirumian, Vigen (2x), Laux, Tino, Dr. (1x), Tichy, Vladimir (1x), Alzate, Dario (1x), Gutierrez Herrera, Jose Antonio (1x), Tasic, Branislav (1x), Licina Vrabic, Anita (1x), Moebus, Martin (1x)

7…Be6 — 1.1% (16 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Carleton, John J (2x), Wood, Mark (1x), Pride, Stephen C (1x), Fischer, Jacob (1x), Jacobsen, Bent (1x), Baumegger, Siegfried (1x), Van den Doel, Erik (1x), Laux, Tino, Dr. (1x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	7…dxc4	7…Ne4	7…O-O	7…Be6
<1800	37	68%	27%	3%	3%
1800-2200	437	72%	23%	4%	1%
2200-2600	820	68%	26%	3%	1%
2600+	78	76%	17%	5%	—

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	7…dxc4	7…Ne4	7…O-O	7…Be6
1960s	6	100%	—	—	—
1970s	38	58%	37%	—	5%
1980s	151	42%	58%	—	—
1990s	232	55%	39%	3%	3%
2000s	422	74%	23%	2%	0%
2010s	552	79%	17%	3%	1%
2020s	115	61%	13%	17%	1%

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
7…dxc4	79%	61%	▼ -18.1%
7…Ne4	17%	13%	▼ -3.6%
7…O-O	3%	17%	▲ +14.7%
7…Be6	1%	1%	+0.3%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Kasparov, Garry — 6 parties
Karpov, Anatoly — 3 parties
Kramnik, Vladimir — 3 parties
Carlsen, Magnus — 3 parties
Ju, Wenjun — 2 parties
Tal, Mikhail — 1 partie

Parties historiques

7…dxc4 — 68.5% (1039 parties)

1964 — Wexler, Bernardo vs Faleg, Alberto — 1-0 — Buenos Aires ARG
1965 — Larsen, Bent Ravn vs Tal, Mikhail — 1-0 — Bled SLO
1966 — Ageichenko, Genadi A vs Gik, Evgeny — 1-0 — USSR
1968 — Martz, William vs Brasket, Curt J — 1-0 — St Paul Open
1968 — Martz, William vs Smejkal, Jan — 1/2-1/2 — Ybbs

7…Ne4 — 26.2% (397 parties)

1970 — Rapaka Samuel Paul vs Hort, Vlastimil — 1/2-1/2 — Palma de Mallorca izt
1971 — Fischer, Robert J vs Petrosian, Tigran V. — 1-0 — Buenos Aires ARG
1972 — Mullen, Chris vs Ensey, Chuck — 1-0 — Berkeley
1973 — Visier Segovia, Fernando vs Saidy, Anthony — 1/2-1/2 — Lanzarote
1974 — Langeweg, Kick vs Ree, Hans — 1-0 — Wijk aan Zee NED

7…O-O — 3.2% (48 parties)

1990 — Alzate, Dario vs Gutierrez Herrera, Jose Antonio — 1-0 — Colombia
1992 — Laux, Tino, Dr. vs Tichy, Vladimir — 1-0 — Prague CZE
1992 — Van Rijn, Anton vs Daamen, Ferry — 1-0 — Dieren op NK
1993 — Tasic, Branislav vs Licina Vrabic, Anita — 1/2-1/2 — Ptuj CRO
1994 — Moser, Guenter vs Kwatschewsky, Leo — 1-0 — ?

7…Be6 — 1.1% (16 parties)

1971 — Carleton, John J vs Wood, Mark — 0-1 — corr
1971 — Pride, Stephen C vs Carleton, John J — 1-0 — ?
1991 — Laux, Tino, Dr. vs Schlager, Thomas — 1-0 — GER
1991 — Necesany, Zdenek vs Tarnowiecki, Harald — 0-1 — corr Tch-EU
1992 — Fischer, Jacob vs Jacobsen, Bent — 0-1 — Hillerod

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