D44b — Semi-Slav: Botvinnik, 6.a4

1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Nf3 c6 5.Bg5 dxc4 6.a4 * ● Trait aux Noirs

Ouverture — Centre mobile

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

abcdefgh

Plans. e4 (Occuper le centre — 47 % des parties) ; e3 (Libérer Bf1, préparer Bd3 — 20 % des parties) ; Bxf6 (Fou actif (mobilité 6) — 11 % des parties) ; Qc2 (Prépare O-O-O — 9 % des parties).

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

hgfedcba

Plans. ...Bb4 (Clouer c3, Fou actif (mobilité 7), Développer f8 — 75 % des parties) ; ...b5 (Expansion aile dame — 8 % des parties) ; ...Nbd7 (Développer b8 — 5 % des parties).

Avantages

Faiblesses

Diagonale active

Plans

Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	● c4, ● c6
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	—	● b7→c6, f7→e6
Passés	—	—
Majorité	—	● aile dame 4v2

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	● e5 (2v0)	● d5 (4v1)
Cases faibles	—	—
Centre	● d4 (2v1), ● e5 (2v0)	● d5 (4v1)

Colonnes et diagonales

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Semi-ouvertes	● c	● d

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bf1	● Bf1 Non développé (mob. 0)
Bg5	● Bg5 Actif (mob. 7)
Bc8		● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 1)
Bf8		● Bf8 Non développé (mob. 5)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Non développées	3 (● f1, ● a1, ● h1)	5 (● b8, ● c8, ● f8, ● a8, ● h8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Au centre	● Au centre
Droits de roque	O-O / O-O-O	O-O / O-O-O

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	mobile
Ruptures	● d4-d5	● …c6-c5, ● …e6-e5

Partie
1938 Ch (Men) Argentina ARG – Round 6 – Lalich, Voyin – 1/2-1/2 – Maderna, Carlos – G6 1. d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 e6 3. c4 d5 4. Nc3 c6 5. Bg5 dxc4 6. a4 Bb4 7. Qc2 Qa5 8. Bxf6 gxf6 9. e4 b5 10. Be2 Bxc3+
1938 GBR Ch 31. Major B – Round 9 – Koenig, Imre – 1-0 – Butcher, Alfred Joseph – G8 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 d5 4. Nc3 c6 5. Bg5 dxc4 6. a4 Bb4 7. e4 Bxc3+ 8. bxc3 Qa5 9. e5 Nd5 10. Bd2 Nb6
1945 Moskou ch-URS – Round 1 – Goldberg, Grigory A – 0-1 – Tolush, Alexander – G58 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 c6 5. Bg5 dxc4 6. a4 Bb4 7. g3 Qa5 8. Bd2 Nbd7 9. Bg2 O-O 10. O-O Rd8
1946 Hamburg Union – Round 6 – Lange, Wilfried – 1-0 – Sahlmann, Walter – G7 1. d4 d5 2. Nf3 e6 3. c4 c6 4. Nc3 Nf6 5. Bg5 dxc4 6. a4 Bb4 7. e3 Qa5 8. Bxf6 Bxc3+ 9. bxc3 Qxc3+ 10. Nd2 gxf6
1946 Mar del Plata – Round 14 – De Souza Mendes, Joao – 0-1 – Sanguinetti, Ricardo – G122 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 c6 4. Nf3 Nf6 5. Bg5 dxc4 6. a4 Bb4 7. Qc2 Nbd7 8. e4 Qa5 9. Bd2 e5 10. Bxc4 O-O
1946 USA Ch New York, NY USA – Round 1 – Kowalski, Stefan – 0-1 – Kramer, George – G6 1. d4 d5 2. c4 c6 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. Nc3 e6 5. Bg5 dxc4 6. a4 Bb4 7. e3 b5 8. axb5 cxb5 9. Ne5 O-O 10. Qf3 Qd5
1948 Buenos Aires/La Plata it – Round 1 – Camara Bordon, Luis Marcos – 0-1 – O'Kelly de Galway, Alberic – G17 1. d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 d5 3. c4 e6 4. Nc3 c6 5. Bg5 dxc4 6. a4 Bb4 7. Bxf6 Qxf6 8. e3 b5 9. Be2 Nd7 10. O-O Bxc3
1948 Nijmegen – Round 1 – Barendregt, Johan – 0-1 – Vlagsma, Chris – G1 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 c6 4. Nf3 Nf6 5. Bg5 dxc4 6. a4 c5 7. e4 cxd4 8. Qxd4 Qxd4 9. Nxd4 Bb4 10. f3 O-O
1949 Beverwijk NED – Round ? – Van Scheltinga, Theo – 0-1 – Schmidt, Paul Felix – G4 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 e6 5. Bg5 dxc4 6. a4 Nbd7 7. e4 h6 8. Bxf6 Nxf6 9. Bxc4 Bb4 10. Qc2 Qa5
1949 JUG Ch – Round 13 – Tomovic, Vasilje – 1/2-1/2 – Fuderer, Andrija – G53 1. d4 d5 2. Nf3 e6 3. c4 c6 4. Nc3 Nf6 5. Bg5 dxc4 6. a4 Bb4 7. g3 b5 8. Bg2 Bb7 9. O-O Bxc3 10. bxc3 Nbd7
1949 Santa Fe – Round 3 – Bahamonde, Antonio – 0-1 – Pomar Salamanca, Arturo – G7 1. d4 d5 2. Nf3 e6 3. c4 c6 4. Nc3 Nf6 5. Bg5 dxc4 6. a4 Bb4 7. Ne5 b5 8. e3 Bb7 9. Be2 Nbd7 10. Qc2 Nxe5
1950 Venice – Round 10 – Donner, Jan-Hein – 0-1 – Kotov, Alexander. – G82 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 c6 4. Nf3 Nf6 5. Bg5 dxc4 6. a4 Bb4 7. e4 Bxc3+ 8. bxc3 Qa5 9. e5 Ne4 10. Bd2 Qd5
1951 Chigorin Memorial – Round ? – Korchnoi, Viktor – 1-0 – Kamyshov, Mikhail – G13 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 c6 4. Nf3 Nf6 5. Bg5 dxc4 6. a4 Be7 7. e3 h6 8. Bh4 c5 9. Bxc4 Nc6 10. O-O O-O
1951 World Championship 19th – Round 24 – Bronstein, David I – 1/2-1/2 – Botvinnik, Mikhail – G20 1. d4 d5 2. c4 c6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Nf3 e6 5. Bg5 dxc4 6. a4 Bb4 7. e4 c5 8. Bxc4 cxd4 9. Nxd4 h6 10. Be3 Nxe4
1952 Buenos Aires – Round 17 – Foguelman – 1-0 – Alonso-Lej De Las Casas, Fernando – G83 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. Nc3 c6 5. Bg5 dxc4 6. a4 Bb4 7. e4 h6 8. Bxf6 Qxf6 9. Bxc4 Nd7 10. O-O e5
1952 Moskou ch-URS – Round 1 – Keres, Paul – 1/2-1/2 – Simagin, Vladimir – G18 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 c6 4. Nf3 Nf6 5. Bg5 dxc4 6. a4 h6 7. Bxf6 Qxf6 8. e4 Bb4 9. Bxc4 Nd7 10. O-O O-O
1953 Bucharest – Round 6 – Tolush, Alexander V – 1/2-1/2 – Milev, Zdravko – G54 1. c4 Nf6 2. Nc3 d5 3. d4 e6 4. Nf3 c6 5. Bg5 dxc4 6. a4 Bb4 7. Qc2 c5 8. e3 h6 9. Bh4 Nc6 10. Rd1 cxd4
1954 POL Ch Lodz POL – Round 1 – Gawlikowski, Stanislaw – 1-0 – Tarnowski, Alfred – G1 1. d4 d5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. c4 c6 4. Nc3 e6 5. Bg5 dxc4 6. a4 Bb4 7. e4 Qa5 8. Bd2 b6 9. Bxc4 Ba6 10. Qb3 Bxc4
1954 Prague zt Prague CZE – Round 3 – Basjuni, Sad Zaglul – 1-0 – Lundin, Erik – G13 1. Nf3 d5 2. c4 e6 3. d4 Nf6 4. Bg5 c6 5. Nc3 dxc4 6. a4 Bb4 7. e4 b5 8. axb5 cxb5 9. e5 h6 10. Bh4 g5
1955 Wch U20 final-B – Round 9 – Philippe, Georges – 0-1 – Ciric, Dragoljub M – G14 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 c6 4. Nf3 Nf6 5. Bg5 dxc4 6. a4 Bb4 7. e4 Bxc3+ 8. bxc3 Qa5 9. Bxf6 Qxc3+ 10. Nd2 gxf6
1957 Dublin zt – Round 17 – O'Sullivan, Donal – 1-0 – Durão, Joaquim Manuel – G139 1. Nf3 d5 2. c4 c6 3. d4 e6 4. Nc3 Nf6 5. Bg5 dxc4 6. a4 Bb4 7. e3 b5 8. Qc1 Qb6 9. Bxf6 gxf6 10. Nd2 a6
1959 DEN Ch – Round 11 – Andersen, Borge – 1-0 – Jensen, Erik Bartram – G53 1. d4 d5 2. c4 c6 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. Nc3 e6 5. Bg5 dxc4 6. a4 Bb4 7. Qc2 Qa5 8. Bxf6 gxf6 9. e3 b5 10. Be2 Bb7
1962 Olympiad Varna BUL – Round 8 – Echavery – 0-1 – Filip, Miroslav – G43 1. d4 d5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. c4 e6 4. Nc3 c6 5. Bg5 dxc4 6. a4 Bb4 7. Rc1 b5 8. e3 Nbd7 9. Be2 O-O 10. O-O Bxc3
1964 Ch (Men) Budapest HUN – Round 1 – Sapi, Laszlo – 0-1 – Titkos, Jeno – G7 1. d4 e6 2. c4 d5 3. Nc3 c6 4. Nf3 Nf6 5. Bg5 dxc4 6. a4 c5 7. e3 Nc6 8. Bxc4 Be7 9. O-O cxd4 10. exd4 O-O
1965 Leipzig Inter-1 – Round 7 – Malich, Burkhard, Dr. – 0-1 – Hennings, Artur – G15 1. d4 d5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. c4 c6 4. Nc3 e6 5. Bg5 dxc4 6. a4 Bb4 7. e4 Qa5 8. Bd2 Nbd7 9. Bxc4 e5 10. Qb3 exd4
1966 Groningen – Round ? – Donner, Jan-Hein – 1/2-1/2 – Whiteley, Andrew Jonathan – G15 1. d4 d5 2. c4 c6 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. Nc3 e6 5. Bg5 dxc4 6. a4 Bb4 7. e4 b5 8. e5 h6 9. Bh4 g5 10. exf6 gxh4
1970 IBM – Round 1 – Donner, Jan Hein – 1/2-1/2 – Jongsma, Alexander – G25 1. d4 d5 2. c4 c6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Nf3 e6 5. Bg5 dxc4 6. a4 Qa5 7. Bd2 Bb4 8. e4 c5 9. Bxc4 cxd4 10. Nxd4 Qc5
4. Sinquefield Cup 2016 – Round 2.4 – Nakamura, Hikaru – 1-0 – Giri, Anish – G9 1. Nf3 d5 2. d4 Nf6 3. c4 e6 4. Nc3 c6 5. Bg5 dxc4 6. a4 Bb4 7. e4 Qa5 8. Bd2 c5 9. Bxc4 cxd4 10. Nxd4 O-O
41. Olympiad Open 2014 – Round 10.16 – Ipatov, Alexander – 1/2-1/2 – Thorhallsson, Throstur – G702 1. d4 d5 2. c4 c6 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. Nc3 e6 5. Bg5 dxc4 6. a4 Bb4 7. e4 Bxc3+ 8. bxc3 Qa5 9. e5 Ne4 10. Bd2 Nxd2
41. Olympiad Open 2014 – Round 8.7 – Sargissian, Gabriel – 1/2-1/2 – Sethuraman, S.P. – G594 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. Nc3 c6 5. Bg5 dxc4 6. a4 b5 7. axb5 cxb5 8. Nxb5 Qb6 9. Nc3 Qxb2 10. Bd2 Bb4
42. Olympiad 2016 – Round 2.30 – Kovalenko, Igor – 1-0 – Vasquez Schroeder, Rodrigo – G126 1. d4 d5 2. c4 c6 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. Nc3 e6 5. Bg5 dxc4 6. a4 b5 7. axb5 cxb5 8. Nxb5 Qb6 9. Na3 Bxa3 10. Qa4+ Nc6
7. World Team Championship 2010 – Round 8 – Pashikian, Arman – 1/2-1/2 – Shulman, Yaara – G122 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. Nc3 c6 5. Bg5 dxc4 6. a4 Bb4 7. e4 Bxc3+ 8. bxc3 Qa5 9. e5 Ne4 10. Bd2 Qd5
Amber-blindfold 18th 2009 – Round 7 – Wang, Yue(SH) – 0-1 – Carlsen, Magnus – G22 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. Bg5 dxc4 5. Nc3 c6 6. a4 Bb4 7. e4 Bxc3+ 8. bxc3 Qa5 9. e5 Ne4 10. Bd2 Qd5
Amber-rapid 15th 2006 – Round 4 – Topalov, Veselin – 0-1 – Van Wely, Loek – G6 1. d4 d5 2. c4 c6 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. Nc3 e6 5. Bg5 dxc4 6. a4 Bb4 7. g3 c5 8. dxc5 Qxd1+ 9. Rxd1 Nbd7 10. Bg2 Nxc5
Corus A 2009 – Round 1 – Ivanchuk, Vasyl – 0-1 – Smeets, Jan – G1 1. c4 c6 2. Nf3 d5 3. d4 Nf6 4. Nc3 e6 5. Bg5 dxc4 6. a4 Bb4 7. e4 Bxc3+ 8. bxc3 Qa5 9. e5 Ne4 10. Bd2 Qd5
EU-Cup 24th 2008 – Round 7 – Vallejo Pons, Francisco – 1/2-1/2 – Ivanisevic, Ivan – G100 1. Nf3 d5 2. d4 Nf6 3. c4 e6 4. Nc3 c6 5. Bg5 dxc4 6. a4 Bb4 7. e4 c5 8. Bxc4 cxd4 9. Nxd4 h6 10. Bf4 Qe7
World Blitz 2015 – Round 11.34 – Melkumyan, Hrant – 1-0 – Belov, Vladimir – G683 1. Nf3 d5 2. d4 Nf6 3. c4 c6 4. Nc3 e6 5. Bg5 dxc4 6. a4 a6 7. Bxf6 gxf6 8. e3 b5 9. axb5 cxb5 10. Nxb5 axb5
World Blitz 2016 – Round 1.31 – Moiseenko, Alexander – 1-0 – Henriquez Villagra, Cristobal – G24 1. d4 d5 2. c4 c6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Nf3 e6 5. Bg5 dxc4 6. a4 Bb4 7. e4 Bxc3+ 8. bxc3 Qa5 9. e5 Nd5 10. Bd2 Qa6
World Blitz 2019 – Round 16.66 – Bosiocic, Marin – 1-0 – Geller, Jakov – G1104 1. d4 d5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. c4 e6 4. Nc3 c6 5. Bg5 dxc4 6. a4 Bb4 7. e4 Bxc3+ 8. bxc3 Qa5 9. Bd2 Nxe4 10. Bxc4 Nxd2
World Rapid 2019 – Round 7.59 – Pashikian, Arman – 1-0 – Harsha Bharathakoti – G474 1. d4 d5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. c4 e6 4. Nc3 c6 5. Bg5 dxc4 6. a4 b5 7. axb5 cxb5 8. Nxb5 Qb6 9. Nc3 Qxb2 10. Bd2 Nd5

D44b — Botvinnik (1938)

1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Nf3 c6 5.Bg5 dxc4 6.a4

Les coups candidats

6…Bb4 — 74.6% (1172 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Ikonnikov, Vyacheslav (8x), Cebalo, Miso (7x), Kelecevic, Nedeljko (6x), Obodchuk, Andrei (5x), Donner, Jan-Hein (4x), Pilaj, Herwig (3x), Aura, Kristian (3x), Vasilevich, Tatjana (3x)

6…b5 — 7.6% (120 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Sevian, Samuel (4x), Shabalov, Alexander (3x), Petursson, Margeir (3x), Korneev, Oleg (3x), Schlusnik, Nandor (2x), Moiseenko, Alexander (2x), Javakhishvili, Lela (2x), Cebalo, Miso (2x)

6…Nbd7 — 5.1% (80 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Gudmundsson, Arinbjorn (1x), Filip, Miroslav (1x), Beltz, Martina (1x), Nuenchert, Eveline (1x), Pietralunga, Nicola (1x), Wigmans, Eddy (1x), Beckmann, Klaus (1x), Walter, Karel (1x)

6…h6 — 3.1% (49 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Keres, Paul (2x), Simagin, Vladimir (2x), Pacini, Antonio (1x), Dantas, Bianor da Silva (1x), Sursock, Sameer (1x), Acevedo Milan, Armando (1x), Mitura, Vaclav (1x), Hebelka, Milos (1x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	6…Bb4	6…b5	6…Nbd7	6…h6
<1800	87	71%	1%	8%	7%
1800-2200	619	75%	5%	7%	3%
2200-2600	626	76%	12%	3%	3%
2600+	37	59%	30%	—	—

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	6…Bb4	6…b5	6…Nbd7	6…h6
1950s	19	79%	—	—	11%
1960s	14	86%	—	7%	—
1970s	19	63%	—	11%	5%
1980s	79	87%	1%	4%	3%
1990s	341	80%	4%	6%	3%
2000s	434	72%	6%	7%	4%
2010s	548	73%	11%	4%	3%
2020s	116	70%	18%	2%	3%

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
6…Bb4	73%	70%	▼ -2.8%
6…b5	11%	18%	▲ +7.2%
6…Nbd7	4%	2%	▼ -2.7%
6…h6	3%	3%	▲ +0.9%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Botvinnik, Mikhail — 1 partie
Carlsen, Magnus — 1 partie
Ju, Wenjun — 1 partie

Parties historiques

6…Bb4 — 74.6% (1172 parties)

1950 — Donner, Jan-Hein vs Kotov, Alexander — 0-1 — Venice ITA
1950 — Donner, Jan-Hein vs Spanjaard, Eduard — 1-0 — Amsterdam NED
1951 — Bronstein, David I vs Botvinnik, Mikhail — 1/2-1/2 — Moskou wch-m
1952 — Faleg, Alberto vs Casas Perea, Fernando — 1-0 — Buenos Aires ARG
1953 — Alexander Tadala vs Milev, Zdravko — 1/2-1/2 — Bucharest ROU

6…b5 — 7.6% (120 parties)

1984 — Martynov, Pavel vs Dreev, Aleksey — 0-1 — Kirovabad (Azerbaijan)
1994 — Lampart, Alfons vs Savchenko, Stanislav — 0-1 — Lucerne SUI
1994 — Petursson, Margeir vs Shabalov, Alexander — 0-1 — Reykjavik Open
1994 — Petursson, Margeir vs Thorhallsson, Throstur — 1-0 — Island
1994 — Petursson, Margeir vs Shabalov, Alexander — 0-1 — Reykjavik ISL

6…Nbd7 — 5.1% (80 parties)

1962 — Gudmundsson, Arinbjorn vs Filip, Miroslav — 1/2-1/2 — Olympiad Varna BUL
1973 — Rubinstein, Andres vs Gibelin, Hugo — 1-0 — La Spezia ITA
1978 — Beltz, Martina vs Nuenchert, Eveline — 0-1 — Torgelow
1983 — McCambridge, Vincent vs Frederick, Robert — 1-0 — New York, NY USA
1988 — Pietralunga, Nicola vs Wigmans, Eddy — 1-0 — Caorle ITA

6…h6 — 3.1% (49 parties)

1952 — Keres, Paul vs Simagin, Vladimir — 1/2-1/2 — ?
1952 — Keres, Paul vs Simagin, Vladimir — 1/2-1/2 — Moskou ch-URS
1970 — Sursock, Sameer vs Acevedo Milan, Armando — 1/2-1/2 — Siegen olm
1984 — Pacini, Antonio vs Dantas, Bianor da Silva — 1/2-1/2 — Cabo Frio
1989 — Mitura, Vaclav vs Hebelka, Milos — 1/2-1/2 — Bratislava SVK

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