D31n — Semi-Slav: 4.e3

1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 c6 4.e3 * ● Trait aux Noirs

Ouverture — Centre fermé

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

abcdefgh

Avantages : case forte d4, paire de fous.
Faiblesses adverses : Bc8 enfermé, Bf8 enfermé, roi noir au centre.
Problèmes : roi au centre, Bc1 enfermé, Bf1 enfermé, 5 pièces non développées (G1, C1, F1, A1, H1).
Plans :
● O-O — Mettre le roi en sécurité, connecter les tours
● Nf3 — Développer Ng1
● Bd2 — Développer Bc1
● Bd3 — Développer Bf1

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

hgfedcba

Avantages : paire de fous.
Faiblesses adverses : Bc1 enfermé, Bf1 enfermé, roi blanc au centre.
Problèmes : roi au centre, Bc8 enfermé, Bf8 enfermé, 6 pièces non développées (B8, G8, C8, F8, A8, H8).
Plans :
● O-O — Mettre le roi en sécurité, connecter les tours
● ...Bd7 — PRIORITÉ: libérer le Bc8 (...Bd7, b6+Bb7, ...Bf5)
● ...Nbd7 — Développer Nb8
● ...Nf6 — Développer Ng8
● ...Be7 — Développer Bf8

Avantages

Faiblesses adverses

Diagonale active

Plans

Structure de pions

D31n — Semi-Slav:

1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 c6 4.e3

Eval: [+0.15]

Les coups candidats

4…Nf6 — 70.4% (9237 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Novikov, Igor (57x), Flear, Glenn C (56x), Pavasovic, Dusko (48x), Korneev, Oleg (48x), Kaidanov, Gregory (39x), Dao, Thien Hai (28x), Borgo, Giulio (27x), Trabert, Bettina (26x)

4…f5 — 15.0% (1971 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Krasenkow, Michal (14x), Kilpi, Teemu (11x), Abrahams, Gerald (9x), Meissner, Ruediger (8x), Schulz, Hans-Juergen (8x), Grischuk, Alexander (8x), Stangl, Markus (7x), McDonald, Graham R (7x)

4…Bd6 — 8.9% (1173 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Sveshnikov, Evgeny (25x), Tregubov, Pavel V. (23x), Krasenkow, Michal (12x), Kulon, Klaudia (11x), Lautier, Joel (10x), Piankov, Evgenij (9x), Zhigalko, Sergei (9x), van Schyndel, Andreas (9x)

4…Nd7 — 4.4% (579 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Sveshnikov, Evgeny (15x), Bernal Varela, Nelson (12x), Shcherbakov, Ruslan (10x), Soln, Primoz (9x), Vera Gonzalez-Quevedo, Reynaldo (8x), Popov, Valerij (6x), Abrahams, Gerald (5x), Kurbasov, Sergey Aleksandrovi (5x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	4…Nf6	4…f5	4…Bd6	4…Nd7
<1800	366	71%	16%	6%	2%
1800-2200	3682	66%	19%	10%	4%
2200-2600	6505	72%	13%	9%	5%
2600+	376	73%	9%	12%	6%

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	4…Nf6	4…f5	4…Bd6	4…Nd7
1850s	5	40%	20%	—	—
1870s	1	100%	—	—	—
1890s	15	47%	7%	40%	7%
1900s	16	44%	6%	38%	12%
1910s	12	33%	8%	8%	50%
1920s	39	72%	15%	8%	3%
1930s	65	54%	26%	5%	15%
1940s	148	73%	14%	3%	10%
1950s	129	65%	19%	5%	9%
1960s	89	81%	13%	1%	4%
1970s	102	75%	13%	5%	6%
1980s	380	81%	13%	3%	2%
1990s	2424	71%	17%	6%	6%
2000s	4450	73%	14%	9%	2%
2010s	4215	66%	16%	12%	5%
2020s	1023	73%	13%	7%	6%

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
4…Nf6	66%	73%	▲ +7.1%
4…f5	16%	13%	▼ -2.7%
4…Bd6	12%	7%	▼ -5.3%
4…Nd7	5%	6%	▲ +1.2%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Karpov, Anatoly — 10 parties
Kramnik, Vladimir — 9 parties
Botvinnik, Mikhail — 7 parties
Tal, Mikhail — 6 parties
Ding, Liren — 5 parties
Karpov, Aleksandr — 4 parties
Steinitz, Wilhelm — 3 parties
Carlsen, Magnus — 2 parties
Gukesh D — 2 parties
Lasker, Emanuel — 1 partie
Smyslov, Vladimir — 1 partie
Euwe, Max — 1 partie
Anand, Viswanathan — 1 partie
Kasparov, Garry — 1 partie

Parties historiques

4…Nf6 — 70.4% (9237 parties)

1852 — Williams, Elijah J vs Horwitz, Bernhard — 1-0 — London ENG
1852 — Williams, Elijah J vs Horwitz, Bernhard — 0-1 — London ENG
1874 — Elder, Frederic vs Bock, Frederic — 0-1 — Chicago, IL USA
1890 — Steinitz, Wilhelm vs Gunsberg, Isidor — 1/2-1/2 — New York, NY USA
1894 — Steinitz, Wilhelm vs Lasker, Emanuel — 1-0 — USA

4…f5 — 15.0% (1971 parties)

1851 — Van't Kruijs, M vs Coopman, Ewen — 0-1 — Amsterdam NED
1895 — Burn, Amos vs Tarrasch, Siegbert — 0-1 — Hastings ENG
1900 — Sidney Paine Johnston vs Marshall, Frank — 1-0 — Chicago, IL USA
1912 — Przepiorka, Dawid vs Carls, Carl — 1-0 — Breslau GER
1923 — Johner, Paul vs Miliani, Luigi — 1-0 — Trieste

4…Bd6 — 8.9% (1173 parties)

1895 — Blackburne, Joseph vs Von Bardeleben, Curt — 1-0 — Hastings ENG
1896 — Ruth, William Allen vs Napier, William — 0-1 — New York, NY USA
1896 — Burn, Amos vs Showalter, Jackson — 0-1 — Cable
1896 — Ruth, William Allen vs Napier, William — 1/2-1/2 — New York, NY USA
1898 — Burn, Amos vs Tarrasch, Siegbert — 0-1 — Vienna AUT

4…Nd7 — 4.4% (579 parties)

1895 — Steinitz, Wilhelm vs Bird, Henry — 0-1 — Hastings ENG
1907 — Michell, Reginald vs Holmes, Harry — 0-1 — Crystal Palace
1908 — Palmer, Wilfred Charles vs Michell, Reginald — 1/2-1/2 — Tunbridge Wells
1910 — Duz-Khotimirsky, Fedor Ivanovich vs Speijer, Abraham — 1-0 — Hamburg GER
1911 — Cohn, Erich vs Fahrni, Hans — 1-0 — Carlsbad CZE

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	—
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	● f2→e3, e3→d4	● c6→d5, e6→d5, b7→c6, f7→e6
Passés	—	—
Majorité	—	—

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	● d4 (2v0)	—
Cases faibles	—	—
Centre	● d4 (2v0), ● e5 (1v0)	● d5 (3v2)

Colonnes et diagonales

♔ Blancs

♚ Noirs

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bc1	● Bc1 Non développé (mob. 1)
Bf1	● Bf1 Non développé (mob. 2)
Bc8		● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 1)
Bf8		● Bf8 Non développé (mob. 5)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Non développées	5 (g1, c1, f1, a1, h1)	6 (b8, g8, c8, f8, a8, h8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Au centre !	● Au centre !
Droits de roque	O-O / O-O-O	O-O / O-O-O

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	fermé
Ruptures	● c4-c5, ● e3-e4	● …c6-c5, ● …e6-e5, ● …f7-f6, ● …f7-f5

Partie
1900 DSB-12.Kongress – Round 7 – Schlechter, Carl – 1-0 – Von Bardeleben, Curt – G41 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 c6 4. e3 Bd6 5. Bd3 f5 6. g4 Nh6 7. gxf5 O-O 8. Bd2 Nxf5 9. Qc2 1-0
1907 BCF Ch 4th – Round 2 – Michell, Reginald – 0-1 – Holmes, Harry – G3 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 c6 4. e3 Nd7 5. Nf3 Qc7 6. Bd3 Ngf6 7. O-O Bd6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. b3 O-O 10. Bb2 Re8
1907 Ostende II – Round 10 – Swiderski, Radoslaw – 1-0 – Van Vliet, Lodewijk – G115 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 c6 4. e3 Bd6 5. Bd3 f5 6. Nf3 Qf6 7. Bd2 Nd7 8. Qb3 Ne7 9. O-O-O a6 10. Rhe1 b5
1908 BCF Ch 5th – Round 4 – Palmer, Wilfred Charles – 1/2-1/2 – Michell, Reginald – G13 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 c6 4. e3 Nd7 5. Nf3 f5 6. cxd5 cxd5 7. Bd2 a6 8. Rc1 Bd6 9. Na4 Ngf6 10. b4 Ne4
1910 DSB-17.Kongress – Round 13 – Duz-Khotimirsky, Fedor Ivanovich – 1-0 – Speijer, Abraham – G80 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 c6 4. e3 Nd7 5. Nf3 f5 6. Bd3 Qf6 7. Qc2 Nh6 8. Bd2 Bd6 9. a3 O-O 10. h3 Kh8
1911 Karlsbad – Round 1 – Cohn, Erich – 1-0 – Fahrni, Hans – G114 1. d4 e6 2. c4 d5 3. Nc3 c6 4. e3 Nd7 5. Nf3 f5 6. Ne5 Nxe5 7. dxe5 dxc4 8. Qxd8+ Kxd8 9. Bxc4 Bb4 10. O-O b5
1923 Karlsbad – Round 1 – Gruenfeld, Ernst – 1-0 – Treybal, Karel – G9 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 c6 4. e3 g6 5. Nf3 Bg7 6. Bd3 f5 7. O-O Nd7 8. b3 Nh6 9. cxd5 exd5 10. Ba3 Qa5
1934 BCF Ch 27th – Round 10 – Fairhurst, William – 1-0 – Abrahams, Gerald – G49 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 c6 4. e3 Bd6 5. Nf3 Nd7 6. Bd3 f5 7. cxd5 cxd5 8. Bd2 a6 9. O-O Nh6 10. Ne1 O-O
1934 BCF Ch 27th – Round 6 – Cross, Alfred Rupert Neale – 1-0 – Abrahams, Gerald – G28 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 c6 4. e3 Nd7 5. Bd3 f5 6. cxd5 cxd5 7. Nf3 Bd6 8. Bd2 Nh6 9. Nb5 Bb8 10. Bb4 e5
1934 GER Ch 2nd – Round 13 – Grohmann, Gerwin – 1-0 – Engels, Ludwig – G26 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 c6 4. e3 Nd7 5. Nf3 f5 6. Bd3 Qf6 7. Qc2 Nh6 8. O-O Bd6 9. cxd5 exd5 10. e4 fxe4
1935 BCF Ch 28th – Round 3 – Davey, Stanley Clifford – 0-1 – Abrahams, Gerald – G6 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 c6 4. e3 Nd7 5. Nf3 f5 6. Bd3 Bd6 7. Bd2 a6 8. cxd5 cxd5 9. Rc1 Nh6 10. Qc2 O-O
1941 Trencianske Teplice – Round 9 – Rabar, Braslav – 0-1 – Opocensky, Karel – G35 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 c6 4. e3 Bd6 5. Nf3 f5 6. Qc2 Nh6 7. b3 Nd7 8. Bb2 Qe7 9. a3 dxc4 10. bxc4 O-O
1945 Moscow Ch – Round 7 – Fridstein, German – 1-0 – Zhivtsov, A. – G36 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 c6 4. e3 Nd7 5. f4 Ngf6 6. Nf3 Be7 7. cxd5 exd5 8. Bd3 O-O 9. O-O Re8 10. Ne5 Nf8
1946 Nottingham ch-BCF – Round 1 – Abrahams, Gerald – 0-1 – Parr, Frank – G5 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 c6 4. e3 Nd7 5. Bd3 Ngf6 6. f4 dxc4 7. Bxc4 c5 8. Nf3 cxd4 9. exd4 Be7 10. O-O O-O
1946 YUG Ch – Round 11 – Subaric, Mladen – 0-1 – Vukovic, Sava – G15 1. d4 d5 2. c4 c6 3. Nc3 e6 4. e3 Nd7 5. Nf3 f5 6. Qc2 Qf6 7. Bd3 Nh6 8. Bd2 Bd6 9. h3 O-O 10. O-O-O Kh8
1947 Hilversum zt – Round 1 – O'Kelly, Albéric de Galway – 1-0 – O'Sullivan, Bartholomew – G3 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 c6 4. e3 Bd6 5. Qg4 Qf6 6. cxd5 Nh6 7. Qh3 O-O 8. dxc6 Nxc6 9. Qf3 Qg6 10. Qd1 e5
1949 Trencianske-Teplice – Round 1 – Golombek, Harry – 1-0 – Erdelyi, Sandor – G4 1. d4 d5 2. c4 c6 3. e3 e6 4. Nc3 Nd7 5. Nf3 f5 6. Bd3 Nh6 7. O-O Bd6 8. b3 O-O 9. Bb2 Nf6 10. Ne2 Ne4
1949 URS Ch, semi final – Round 1 – Chistiakov, Alexander – 1/2-1/2 – Kasparian, Genrikh – G7 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 c6 4. e3 Nd7 5. Nf3 f5 6. Qc2 Nh6 7. Bd3 Qf6 8. b3 Bd6 9. Bb2 O-O 10. h3 g6
1951 Buenos Aires – Round 1 – Luckis, Marcos – 0-1 – Shocron, Ruben – G2 1. c4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. Nc3 c6 4. e3 Bd6 5. Nf3 f5 6. Qc2 Nh6 7. Bd3 O-O 8. b3 Nd7 9. Bb2 Nf6 10. h3 Ne4
1951 Sopot – Round 14 – Makarczyk, Kazimierz – 1-0 – Sebestyen, Bela – G81 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 c6 4. e3 Bd6 5. Nf3 f5 6. Qc2 Nf6 7. b3 O-O 8. Bb2 Ne4 9. O-O-O a6 10. Ne1 b5
1952 Buenos Aires – Round 1 – Garibaldi, Oscar – 1-0 – Garcia Vera, Romeo – G1 1. c4 e6 2. Nc3 d5 3. d4 c6 4. e3 Nd7 5. Nf3 f5 6. Qc2 Qf6 7. b3 Bd6 8. Bd3 Nh6 9. O-O O-O 10. Ne2 e5
1952 Helsinki olm – Round 1 – German, Eugenio – 1-0 – Vestol, Aage – G33 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 c6 4. e3 Be7 5. Bd3 Nf6 6. Nf3 dxc4 7. Bxc4 b5 8. Bd3 Bb7 9. O-O O-O 10. e4 Nbd7
1958 GDR Ch Schkopau GER – Round 13 – Uhlmann, Wolfgang – 1-0 – Zinn, Lothar – G76 1. c4 c6 2. d4 d5 3. Nc3 e6 4. e3 Bd6 5. Bd3 f5 6. Nf3 Qf6 7. Bd2 Ne7 8. O-O O-O 9. Qb3 Kh8 10. Ne2 g5
1958 Mar del Plata – Round 2 – Panno, Oscar – 1-0 – Olivera, Alfredo – G16 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 c6 4. e3 Nd7 5. Nf3 f5 6. Qc2 Qf6 7. b3 Bd6 8. Bb2 Ne7 9. Bd3 a6 10. O-O-O b5
1961 Marianske Lazne zt – Round 4 – Filip, Miroslav – 1-0 – Szabo, Laszlo – G22 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 c6 4. e3 Nd7 5. Nf3 f5 6. Bd3 Nh6 7. Qc2 a6 8. O-O Bd6 9. Rb1 Qe7 10. Bd2 O-O
40. Olympiad Open 2012 – Round 11.5 – Peralta, Fernando – 0-1 – Giri, Anish – G615 1. d4 e6 2. c4 d5 3. Nc3 c6 4. e3 Nd7 5. Bd3 dxc4 6. Bxc4 b5 7. Bd3 a6 8. Nf3 c5 9. d5 exd5 10. Nxd5 Bb7
40. Olympiad Open 2012 – Round 3.12 – Peralta, Fernando – 0-1 – Sambuev, Bator – G164 1. d4 d5 2. c4 c6 3. Nc3 e6 4. e3 Bd6 5. Bd3 f5 6. Nge2 Nf6 7. f3 O-O 8. O-O Qe7 9. Bd2 Kh8 10. Qc2 a6
40. Olympiad Open 2012 – Round 9.32 – Cori, Jorge – 1-0 – Bachmann, Axel – G517 1. d4 d5 2. c4 c6 3. Nc3 e6 4. e3 Bd6 5. Nf3 f5 6. Bd3 Nf6 7. O-O O-O 8. Ne5 Nbd7 9. f4 Ne4 10. Be2 Nxe5
7. Mikhail Tal Memorial 2012 – Round 5 – Aronian, Levon – 0-1 – Morozevich, Alexander – G22 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 c6 4. e3 Nd7 5. Nf3 f5 6. Bd3 Nh6 7. b3 Bd6 8. Bb2 O-O 9. O-O Rf6 10. Qc2 Nf7
Baku FIDE Grand Prix 2014 – Round 10.6 – Kasimdzhanov, Rustam – 0-1 – Grischuk, Alexander – G57 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 c6 4. e3 Nd7 5. Qc2 Nh6 6. Bd2 f5 7. cxd5 exd5 8. Bd3 Bd6 9. O-O-O Nb6 10. h3 Be6
FIDE WCh KO 2000 – Round 2.1 – Kasimdzhanov, Rustam – 1-0 – Tregubov, Pavel V. – G2 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 c6 4. e3 Bd6 5. Bd2 f5 6. g4 fxg4 7. Qxg4 Qe7 8. O-O-O Nf6 9. Qg2 O-O 10. Nf3 Nbd7
FIDE World Rapid 2014 – Round 9.16 – Wojtaszek, Radoslaw – 1/2-1/2 – Yudin, Sergei – G174 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 c6 4. e3 Bd6 5. Bd3 f5 6. f4 Nf6 7. Nf3 O-O 8. O-O b6 9. Bd2 Ba6 10. Qe2 Ne4
Global Chess League 2023 – Round 6.3 – Radjabov, Teimour – 1/2-1/2 – Erigaisi Arjun – G72 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 c6 4. e3 Nd7 5. Nf3 f5 6. Qc2 Bd6 7. c5 Bc7 8. b4 a6 9. Bb2 Ngf6 10. Bd3 Ne4
SportAccord Blitz Men 2013 – Round 4.1 – Aronian, Levon – 1-0 – Ivanchuk, Vasyl – G24 1. c4 e6 2. Nc3 d5 3. d4 c6 4. e3 Bd6 5. Bd3 f5 6. Nf3 Nf6 7. O-O O-O 8. Ne5 Nbd7 9. f4 Ne4 10. Bd2 Nxe5
Tal Memorial 2009 – Round 5 – Aronian, Levon – 1/2-1/2 – Morozevich, Alexander – G18 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 c6 4. e3 Bd6 5. Qc2 f5 6. Bd3 Nf6 7. cxd5 cxd5 8. Nb5 Bb4+ 9. Bd2 Nc6 10. Nc7+ Qxc7
World Blitz 2017 – Round 8.5 – Esipenko, Andrey – 1-0 – Grischuk, Alexander – G433 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 c6 4. e3 Nd7 5. Qc2 Nh6 6. Bd3 f5 7. Nge2 Bd6 8. f3 O-O 9. O-O Nf6 10. h3 Kh8
World Rapid 2021 – Round 4.10 – Erigaisi Arjun – 0-1 – Korobov, Anton – G199 1. c4 e6 2. Nc3 d5 3. d4 c6 4. e3 Nd7 5. Nf3 f5 6. Qc2 Nh6 7. Bd3 Bd6 8. c5 Bc7 9. b4 O-O 10. Bb2 Nf7
World Rapid 2021 – Round 4.45 – Bluebaum, Matthias – 1-0 – Krasenkow, Michal – G232 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 c6 4. e3 Bd6 5. Bd3 f5 6. Nh3 Nf6 7. O-O O-O 8. Qc2 Ne4 9. f3 Nxc3 10. bxc3 e5
World Rapid 2021 – Round 9.16 – Wojtaszek, Radoslaw – 1/2-1/2 – Timofeev, Artyom – G511 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 c6 4. e3 Bd6 5. Bd3 f5 6. f4 Nf6 7. Nf3 O-O 8. O-O Bd7 9. Qb3 b6 10. Bd2 a6

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