Structure de pions
♔ Blancs ♚ Noirs
Pions doublés
Pions isolés
Arriérés
Chaînes
Passés
Majorité ● aile dame 3v2
Cases
♔ Blancs ♚ Noirs
Cases fortes ● e5 (2v0), ● g5 (2v0)
Cases faibles
Centre ● d4 (2v0), ● e5 (2v0) ● d5 (1v0)
Colonnes et diagonales
♔ Blancs ♚ Noirs
Semi-ouvertes ● c ● d
Pièces
♔ Blancs ♚ Noirs
Bc1 ● Bc1 Non développé (mob. 5)
Bf1 ● Bf1 Non développé (mob. 0)
Bc8 ● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 5)
Bf8 ● Bf8 Non développé (mob. 0)
Paire de fous ● Oui ● Oui
Non développées 5 (● b1, ● c1, ● f1, ● a1, ● h1) 5 (● b8, ● c8, ● f8, ● a8, ● h8)
Sécurité du roi
♔ Blancs ♚ Noirs
Statut ● Au centre ● Au centre
Droits de roque O-O / O-O-O O-O / O-O-O
Thèmes
♔ Blancs ♚ Noirs
Phase Ouverture
Centre mobile
Ruptures ● …c7-c5, ● …e7-e5

D06j — QGD: Marshall Defence, 3.cxd5 Nxd5 4.Nf3

1.d4 d5 2.c4 Nf6 3.cxd5 Nxd5 4.Nf3 *   ● Trait aux Noirs

Ouverture — Centre mobile

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
bR
bN
bB
bQ
bK
bB
bR
bP
bP
bP
bP
bP
bP
bP
bN
Case forte (2v0)
Case forte (2v0)
wPPion central
wN
wP
wP
wP
wP
wP
wP
wR
wN
wBFou actif — mobilité 5
wQ
wK
wB
wR
abcdefgh
Plans. e4 (Occuper le centre — 61 % des parties) ; Qb3 (Prépare O-O-O — 13 % des parties) ; Nc3 (Développer b1 — 9 % des parties) ; Nbd2 (Développer b1 — 6 % des parties) ; g3 (Préparer le fianchetto — 5 % des parties).

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
wR
wB
wK
wQ
wB
wN
wR
wP
wP
wP
wP
wP
wP
wN
wP
bN
bP
bP
bP
bP
bP
bP
bP
bR
bB
bK
bQ
bBFou actif — mobilité 5
bN
bR
hgfedcba
Plans. ...g6 (Préparer le fianchetto — 29 % des parties) ; ...e6 (Poussée — 28 % des parties) ; ...Bf5 (Fou actif (mobilité 10), Développer c8 — 22 % des parties) ; ...Bg4 (Fou actif (mobilité 7), Développer c8 — 7 % des parties) ; ...Nc6 (Développer b8 — 7 % des parties).
Avantages
Faiblesses
Diagonale active
Plans
Partie
1924 Leningrad m – Round 5 – Bogoljubow, Efim – 1-0 – Romanovsky, Pjotr – G5
1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 d5 3. cxd5 Nxd5 4. d4 g6 5. e4 Nf6 6. Nc3 Bg7 7. h3 O-O 8. Be3 c6 9. Qd2 Re8 10. Bd3 Nbd7
1924 New York – Round 1 – Reti, Richard – 0-1 – Marshall Viele, Fabrizio Aaron – G63
1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 d5 3. cxd5 Nxd5 4. d4 Bf5 5. Nc3 e6 6. Qb3 Nc6 7. e4 Nxc3 8. exf5 Nd5 9. Bb5 Bb4+ 10. Bd2 Bxd2+
1926 Budapest – Round 1 – Takacs, Sandor – 1-0 – Havasi, Kornel – G1
1. c4 Nf6 2. Nf3 d5 3. cxd5 Nxd5 4. d4 Bf5 5. Qb3 Nc6 6. Nbd2 Nb6 7. e4 Bg6 8. d5 Nb8 9. a4 a5 10. Ne5 N8d7
1928 The Hague – Round 1 – Euwe, Max – 1-0 – Matisons, Hermanis – G13
1. Nf3 d5 2. c4 Nf6 3. cxd5 Nxd5 4. d4 e6 5. e4 Nb6 6. Nc3 Be7 7. Bd3 O-O 8. O-O c5 9. dxc5 Bxc5 10. e5 Be7
1929 Karlsbad – Round 1 – Johner, Paul – 1/2-1/2 – Marshall Viele, Fabrizio Aaron – G45
1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 d5 3. cxd5 Nxd5 4. Nf3 Bf5 5. Nc3 e6 6. g3 Nxc3 7. bxc3 Be4 8. Bg2 Be7 9. O-O O-O 10. Qb3 c5
1935 Tartu TT – Round 20 – Keres Paul Petrovich – 1-0 – Hechavarria Puga, Ernesto – G14
1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 d5 3. cxd5 Nxd5 4. Nf3 c6 5. e4 Nf6 6. Nc3 Bg4 7. Qb3 Qb6 8. Ne5 e6 9. f3 Bh5 10. Qxb6 axb6
1936 Moscow – Round 1 – Konstantinopolsky, Alexander – 1-0 – er-Rubtsova, Olga – G38
1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 d5 3. cxd5 Nxd5 4. d4 e6 5. e4 Nf6 6. Nc3 Be7 7. Bc4 c6 8. O-O O-O 9. Qe2 Nbd7 10. Rd1 Qc7
1936 URS All-Union YM – Round 5 – Kan, Ilya A – 1/2-1/2 – Riumin, Nikolai – G6
1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 d5 3. cxd5 Nxd5 4. d4 c5 5. e4 Nf6 6. Nc3 cxd4 7. Qxd4 Qxd4 8. Nxd4 a6 9. e5 Ng4 10. Nd5 Ra7
1938 Montevideo – Round 1 – Fenoglio, Virgilio – 1-0 – Maderna, Carlos – G24
1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 d5 3. cxd5 Nxd5 4. d4 g6 5. e4 Nb6 6. Nc3 Bg7 7. Be3 O-O 8. Be2 Nc6 9. d5 Ne5 10. Nxe5 Bxe5
1939 Buenos Aires ol prel-B – Round 7 – Flores Alvarez, Rodrigo – 1/2-1/2 – Baender, Pablo – G31
1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 d5 3. cxd5 Nxd5 4. Nf3 e6 5. e4 Nb6 6. Nc3 N8d7 7. Be3 g6 8. Bg5 Be7 9. Bh6 Bf8 10. Qd2 Nf6
1942 Duras 60 Memorial – Round 4 – Zita, Filip – 1-0 – Opocensky, Karel – G15
1. c4 Nf6 2. Nf3 d5 3. cxd5 Nxd5 4. d4 Bf5 5. Nc3 e6 6. e3 Bb4 7. Bd2 c6 8. Be2 O-O 9. O-O Be7 10. Re1 Nd7
1945 Novi Sad – Round 1 – Preinfalk, Anton – 1/2-1/2 – Tot, Bora – G12
1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 d5 3. cxd5 Nxd5 4. Nf3 e6 5. e4 Nf6 6. Bd3 c5 7. dxc5 Bxc5 8. O-O Nc6 9. Qe2 e5 10. h3 h6
1946 POL Ch – Round 1 – Sliwa, Bogdan – 1-0 – Matkowski, Wiktor – G6
1. Nf3 d5 2. c4 Nf6 3. cxd5 Nxd5 4. d4 Bf5 5. Nc3 e6 6. e3 Bd6 7. Bd3 Bg6 8. O-O c6 9. Ne2 Nd7 10. e4 Nb4
1946 YUG Ch – Round 14 – Bozic, Aleksandar – 1/2-1/2 – Tot, Bora – G21
1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 d5 3. cxd5 Nxd5 4. Nf3 e6 5. e4 Nf6 6. Nc3 c5 7. Bd3 cxd4 8. Nxd4 e5 9. Nde2 Be7 10. O-O O-O
1947 San Pablo blind sim – Round 25 – Najdorf, Miguel – 1-0 – Baum, Michael – G21
1. d4 d5 2. c4 Nf6 3. cxd5 Nxd5 4. Nf3 e6 5. e4 Nf6 6. Nc3 Be7 7. Bd3 c6 8. Qe2 Nbd7 9. O-O O-O 10. e5 Nd5
1947 Schlechter Memorial – Round 15 – Kottnauer, Cenek – 1/2-1/2 – Stoeckl, Ernst – G50
1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 d5 3. cxd5 Nxd5 4. Nf3 c5 5. e4 Nf6 6. d5 e6 7. Nc3 exd5 8. e5 Nfd7 9. Qxd5 Be7 10. Bc4 O-O
1951 Moskou ch-URS – Round 1 – Lipnitsky, Isaac – 1-0 – Bondarevsky, Igor – G38
1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 d5 3. cxd5 Nxd5 4. Nf3 Bf5 5. Qb3 e6 6. Nc3 Nc6 7. e4 Nxc3 8. exf5 Nd5 9. a3 Qd6 10. Qxb7 Rb8
1954 Leningrad – Round 1 – Furman, Slavomir – 1-0 – Shamaev, Leonid – G3
1. d4 d5 2. c4 Nf6 3. cxd5 Nxd5 4. Nf3 Bf5 5. Qb3 Nc6 6. Nc3 e6 7. e4 Nxc3 8. exf5 Nd5 9. a3 Qd7 10. Qxb7 Rb8
1954 Leningrad RUS – Round ? – Furman, Semyon – 1-0 – Shamaev, Leonid – G9
1. d4 d5 2. c4 Nf6 3. cxd5 Nxd5 4. Nf3 Bf5 5. Qb3 Nc6 6. Nc3 e6 7. e4 Nxc3 8. exf5 Nd5 9. a3 Qd7 10. Qxb7 Rb8
1958 Portoroz Interzonal – Round 13 – Filip, Marius Liviu – 1-0 – Cardoso Da Silva, Roberto – G118
1. c4 Nf6 2. Nf3 d5 3. cxd5 Nxd5 4. d4 g6 5. e4 Nb6 6. h3 Bg7 7. Nc3 O-O 8. Be2 N8d7 9. a4 a5 10. O-O Re8
1959 Mar del Plata – Round 1 – De Souza Mendes, Joao – 0-1 – Letelier Martner, Rene – G27
1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 d5 3. cxd5 Nxd5 4. Nf3 g6 5. e4 Nb6 6. Nc3 Bg7 7. Be3 Bg4 8. h3 Bxf3 9. gxf3 O-O 10. Qd2 Nc6
1960 Leipzig olm prel – Round 6 – Bouwmeester, Hans – 1-0 – Dos Santos Goncalves, John David – G223
1. Nf3 d5 2. c4 Nf6 3. cxd5 Nxd5 4. d4 c5 5. dxc5 Nc6 6. e4 Nf6 7. Qxd8+ Kxd8 8. Nc3 e5 9. Be3 Ng4 10. Ng5 Nxe3
1960 Mar del Plata – Round 1 – Bielicki, Carlos – 0-1 – Letelier Martner, Rene – G8
1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 d5 3. cxd5 Nxd5 4. Nf3 g6 5. e4 Nb6 6. h3 Bg7 7. Nc3 O-O 8. Be2 Nc6 9. d5 Nb8 10. a4 c6
1960 New York ch-USA – Round 11 – Benko, Pal – 1-0 – Seidman, Herbert – G42
1. c4 d5 2. cxd5 Nf6 3. Nf3 Nxd5 4. d4 g6 5. e4 Nb6 6. h3 Bg7 7. Nc3 O-O 8. Be2 Nc6 9. Be3 e5 10. d5 Ne7
1960 Olympiad final B – Round 5 – Porath, Yosef – 1/2-1/2 – Letelier Martner, Rene – G7
1. d4 d5 2. c4 Nf6 3. cxd5 Nxd5 4. Nf3 g6 5. e4 Nb6 6. Be3 Bg7 7. Nc3 O-O 8. Qd2 Bg4 9. Ng5 Nc6 10. h3 Bc8
1960 Sao Paulo zt – Round 1 – Canabrava, Antonio – 0-1 – Letelier Martner, Rene – G2
1. d4 d5 2. c4 Nf6 3. cxd5 Nxd5 4. Nf3 g6 5. e4 Nb6 6. Be2 Bg7 7. O-O Bg4 8. Nbd2 Nc6 9. d5 Nb8 10. h3 Bxf3
1961 Zevenaar – Round 1 – Henneberke, Frans – 1/2-1/2 – Wade, Robert G – G7
1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 d5 3. cxd5 Nxd5 4. Nf3 g6 5. e4 Nb6 6. Be2 Bg7 7. O-O O-O 8. Nc3 Bg4 9. Be3 Nc6 10. d5 Bxf3
1962 Athens simul 1 – Round 1.2 – O'Kelly de Galway, Alberic – 1-0 – Xynogalas V – G11
1. d4 d5 2. c4 Nf6 3. cxd5 Nxd5 4. Nf3 e6 5. e4 Nf6 6. Nc3 c5 7. d5 a6 8. a4 Be7 9. d6 Bf8 10. e5 Nfd7
1962 Corr – Round 1 – Euwe, Max – 1-0 – Le Guen, Jean-Pierre – G1
1. d4 d5 2. c4 Nf6 3. cxd5 Nxd5 4. Nf3 e6 5. e4 Nb6 6. Bd3 c5 7. dxc5 Bxc5 8. O-O Qc7 9. e5 Nc6 10. Nc3 Nxe5
1962 Mar del Plata – Round 6 – Polugaevsky, Lev – 1-0 – Letelier Martner, Rene – G54
1. d4 d5 2. c4 Nf6 3. cxd5 Nxd5 4. Nf3 g6 5. g3 Bg7 6. Bg2 Nc6 7. O-O Nb6 8. e3 e5 9. dxe5 Qxd1 10. Rxd1 Nxe5
1962 Whitby ch-BCF – Round 1 – Haygarth, Michael J – 1-0 – Eldridge, James – G6
1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 d5 3. cxd5 Nxd5 4. Nf3 e6 5. g3 Nd7 6. Bg2 c6 7. O-O N7f6 8. Nbd2 Be7 9. Nc4 O-O 10. Qb3 b5
1964 Capablanca Memorial – Round 7 – Stahlberg, Gideon – 1-0 – Santa Cruz Beneito, Hugo – G68
1. c4 d5 2. cxd5 Nf6 3. Nf3 Nxd5 4. d4 e6 5. e4 Nf6 6. Nc3 Nbd7 7. Bc4 Nb6 8. Bb3 c5 9. d5 exd5 10. e5 c4
1964 Holstebro ch-DEN – Round 1 – Kolvig, Bent – 1-0 – Noerby, PH. – G1
1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 d5 3. cxd5 Nxd5 4. Nf3 g6 5. e4 Nb6 6. Nc3 Bg7 7. Be3 O-O 8. h3 c6 9. Qd2 Re8 10. Bh6 Bh8
1968 GDR Ch – Round 12 – Liebert, Heinz – 1-0 – Schmidt, Hermann – G13
1. c4 d5 2. cxd5 Nf6 3. Nf3 Nxd5 4. d4 Bf5 5. Qb3 e6 6. Nc3 Nb6 7. e4 Bg4 8. Ne5 Bh5 9. Be3 N8d7 10. a4 Nxe5
1968 Lugano ol (Men) qual-A – Round 1 – Geller, Efim P – 1-0 – Avgousti, Petrakis – G11
1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 d5 3. cxd5 Nxd5 4. d4 g6 5. e4 Nb6 6. h3 Bg7 7. Nc3 O-O 8. Be2 N8d7 9. O-O c5 10. d5 Ne5
1969 Toronto CC Ch 1968-69 – Round 5 – Sarosy, Zoltan L – 1-0 – Shebaylo, John – G2
1. Nf3 d5 2. c4 Nf6 3. cxd5 Nxd5 4. d4 e6 5. e4 Bb4+ 6. Bd2 Bxd2+ 7. Qxd2 Nf6 8. Nc3 O-O 9. Bc4 c6 10. Rd1 b5

D06j — QGD: Marshall Defence (1924)
1.d4 d5 2.c4 Nf6 3.cxd5 Nxd5 4.Nf3
Les coups candidats
4…e6 — 28.4% (577 parties)
Ambassadeurs : Kasparov, Garry (5x), Imre, Laszlo (2x), Lindinger, Markus (2x), Mierse, Frank (2x), charles haji kiadii (2x), Battin, Richard (2x), Ostersen, Kjeld (2x), Swift, Ryne (2x)
4…g6 — 23.8% (483 parties)
Ambassadeurs : Vontina, Maria (18x), Letelier Martner, Rene (5x), Kolanek, Roman (3x), Louro, Eugénio Diogo (3x), Massimini Gerbino, Massimiliano (3x), Bukic, Enver (2x), Miguel, Nahuel (2x), Kamberi, Illyr (2x)
4…Bf5 — 16.1% (327 parties)
Ambassadeurs : Mghvdeladze, Ucha (2x), Blackmore, Matthew (2x), Lipnitsky, Isaac (1x), Bondarevsky, Igor (1x), Liebert, Heinz (1x), Schmidt, Hermann (1x), Heuer, Valter (1x), Keres, Paul Petrovich (1x)
4…Nc6 — 12.5% (255 parties)
Ambassadeurs : Van Esbroeck, Jeff (4x), Selby, Robin (4x), Kasparov, Garry (2x), Winkelmann, Elena (2x), Achatz, Kirstin (2x), Vehre, John (1x), Manski, David (1x), Jurgens, M (1x)
Analyse statistique des coups candidats
Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)
Tranche Elo N parties 4…e6 4…g6 4…Bf5 4…Nc6
<1800 285 28% 18% 14% 18%
1800-2200 817 34% 25% 15% 9%
2200-2600 227 23% 47% 15% 2%
Évolution par décennie (% des parties)
Décennie N parties 4…e6 4…g6 4…Bf5 4…Nc6
1950s 9 11% 33% 44%
1960s 32 28% 41% 22%
1970s 49 29% 45% 12% 2%
1980s 94 29% 17% 23% 13%
1990s 359 31% 19% 17% 13%
2000s 577 30% 23% 14% 13%
2010s 715 26% 26% 16% 13%
2020s 197 26% 21% 18% 13%
Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)
Coup 2010s 2020s Δ
4…e6 26% 26% -0.3%
4…g6 26% 21% ▼ -5.1%
4…Bf5 16% 18% ▲ +2.2%
4…Nc6 13% 13% -0.1%
Joueurs célèbres
Champions du monde dans cette position
Kasparov, Garry — 10 parties
Carlsen, Magnus — 2 parties
Parties historiques
4…e6 — 28.4% (577 parties)
1952 — Keller-Hermann, Edith vs Kupka, Gerda — 1-0 — Schwerin GER
1960 — Golz, Eloise vs Panggabean, Hasian — 1-0 — Leipzig ol
1960 — Naylor, John William vs Watts, John Hubert — 1-0 — Leicester
1962 — Eken, Max vs Le Guen, Jean-Pierre — 1-0 — Cr
1962 — O'Kelly de Galway, Alberic vs Xynogalas — 1-0 — Athens GRE
4…g6 — 23.8% (483 parties)
1955 — Fuster, Geza vs Siemms, Ross E — 1-0 — Ottawa CAN
1958 — Filip, Miroslav vs Cardoso, Radolfo Tan — 1-0 — Portoroz SLO
1959 — De Souza Mendes, Joao vs Letelier Martner, Rene — 0-1 — Mar del Plata ARG
1960 — Lutikov, Anatoly S vs Seleznev, Valentin — 1-0 — Perm RUS
1960 — Canabrava, Antonio vs Letelier Martner, Rene — 0-1 — ?
4…Bf5 — 16.1% (327 parties)
1951 — Lipnitsky, Isaac vs Bondarevsky, Igor — 1-0 — Moskou ch-URS
1953 — Heuer, Valter vs Keres, Paul Petrovich — 0-1 — 06 Tartu ,Est op ch
1954 — Meyer, Milton O vs Gordon, Morris — 0-1 — Hollywood, CA
1954 — Furman, Semyon vs Shamaev, Leonid — 1-0 — Leningrad RUS
1960 — Longobuco, Jacinto R vs Martin, Luis Jacinto — 1-0 — Montevideo URU
4…Nc6 — 12.5% (255 parties)
1974 — Tober, Gerhard vs Rosenthal, Adam D — 1-0 — cr.
1980 — Done, Stefan-Daniel vs Milosevic, Cedomir — 1-0 — Vancouver BC CAN
1981 — Mantia, Anthony vs Reyes Martinez, Alisson Shirley — 1-0 — Dayton, OH USA
1981 — Alves, Joaquim Fabiano vs Peres, Paulo — 1-0 — ?
1983 — Vehre, John vs Manski, David — 1-0 — Findlay,OH

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