C97i — Spanish: Closed, Chigorin, 12…Bd7 13.Nf1

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.O-O Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 O-O 8.c3 d6 9.h3 Na5 10.Bc2 c5 11.d4 Qc7 12.Nbd2 Bd7 13.Nf1 * ● Trait aux Noirs

Ouverture — Centre fermé

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

abcdefgh

Atouts. Les Blancs s'appuient sur la case forte g5, un fou actif en c2 et la paire de fous.

Côté adverse. Le fou enfermé en e7.

En contrepartie. Plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le fou c1 et la tour a1).

Plans. Bg5 (Clouer Nf6).

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

hgfedcba

Atouts. Les Noirs s'appuient sur la case forte c4, un avant-poste en c4, un fou actif en d7 et la paire de fous.

Côté adverse. Le fou enfermé en c1.

Plans. ...c4 (Rupture) ; ...d5 (Rupture).

Avantages

Faiblesses adverses

Diagonale active

Plans

Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	—
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	● b2→c3, g2→h3, c3→d4	● a6→b5, d6→c5, d6→e5
Passés	—	—
Majorité	—	—

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	● g5 (2v0)	● c4 (2v0)
Cases faibles	—	—
Centre	● d4 (3v2), ● e4 (2v1), ● e5 (2v1)	—

Colonnes et diagonales

♔ Blancs

♚ Noirs

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bc1	● Bc1 Non développé (mob. 5)
Bc2	● Bc2 Actif (mob. 4)
Bd7		● Bd7 Actif (mob. 7)
Be7		● Be7 Enfermé (mob. 1)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Non développées	2 (c1, a1)	1 (a8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Roqué	● Roqué
Droits de roque	—	—

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	fermé
Ruptures	● c3-c4, ● d4-d5	● …c5-c4, ● …d6-d5

Partie
1908 Vienna – Round 10 – Cohn, Erich – 0-1 – Berger, Jacob – G104 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 d6 7. c3 O-O 8. h3 b5 9. Bb3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1922 Londen – Round 1 – Znosko-Borovsky, Eugene – 1-0 – Guillen Watson, Cesar Augusto – G6 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. d4 Qc7
1927 Homburg – Round ? – Yates, Frederic D – 1/2-1/2 – Reti, Richard – G12 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1927 Scarborough Premier 3rd – Round 3 – Fairhurst, William – 0-1 – Thomas, George Alan – G8 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1927 Tunbridge Wells – Round 3 – Yates, Frederic D – 1-0 – Znosko-Borovsky, Eugene – G9 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. d4 Qc7
1928 West of England Premier 4th – Round 1 – Mansfield, Comins – 0-1 – Buerger, Victor – G3 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. d4 Qc7
1929 Paris – Round 6 – Znosko-Borovsky, Eugene – 1/2-1/2 – Schwarzmann, Leon – G28 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O b5 6. Bb3 Be7 7. Re1 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. d4 Qc7
1930 Nice – Round 5 – Maróczy, Géza – 1/2-1/2 – Znosko-Borovsky, Eugene – G19 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1930 San Remo – Round 1 – Spielmann, Rudolf – 0-1 – Yates, Frederic D – G80 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. d4 Qc7
1944 Tbilisi – Round 1 – Petrosian, Tigran A. – 1-0 – Kopelevich, Boris – G15 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. d4 Qc7
1945 URS-sf – Round 8 – Alatortsev, Vladimir N. – 0-1 – Zagoriansky, Evgeny – G34 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. h3 O-O
1946 Zaanstreek – Round 1 – Znosko-Borovsky, Eugene – 1-0 – Bellod Thomas, Gonzalo – G12 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O d6 6. c3 b5 7. Bb3 Be7 8. h3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. d4 Qc7
1947 Schlechter Memorial – Round 7 – Galia, Karl – 0-1 – Gruenfeld, Ernst – G24 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1948 Karlovy Vary – Round 8 – Yanofsky, Daniel Abraham – 1-0 – Richter, Edgar – G89 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. d4 Qc7
1949 BUL Ch – Round 17 – Markov, Bozidar – 1-0 – Bobotsov, Milko G – G86 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1951 Hastings5152 – Round 4 – Yanofsky, Daniel Abraham – 1-0 – Abrahams, Gerald – G17 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1952 Moskou ch-URS – Round 1 – Smyslov, Vladimir – 1/2-1/2 – Konstantinopolsky, Alexander – G132 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1953 Mar del Plata – Round 1 – Shocron, Ruben – 0-1 – Letelier Martner, Rene – G34 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. d4 Qc7
1958 ARG Ch – Round 1 – Benko, Francisco – 0-1 – Espinosa Flores, Rafael Emilio – G1 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1958 JUG-13ch Sarajevo BIH – Round 6 – Sokolov, Vladimir – 1/2-1/2 – Puc, Stojan – G7 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1959 OWL Ch – Round 4 – Groenegress, Wilfried – 1/2-1/2 – Juergens Norbert – G5 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1960 URU Ch – Round ? – Alvarez del Monte, Jose – 1/2-1/2 – Longobuco, J. – G26 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1961 Netanya – Round 2 – Guti, Emanuel – 1/2-1/2 – Aloni, Itzchak – G13 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O b5 6. Bb3 Be7 7. Re1 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1962 OWL Ch – Round 2 – Groenegress, Wilfried – 1-0 – Stoppkotte, Gerhard – G6 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O b5 6. Bb3 Be7 7. Re1 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. h3 Qc7
1962 Varna olm – Round 5 – Tarnowski, Alfred – 0-1 – Buskenstrom, Sven – G240 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1963 Hastings6364 – Round 2 – Hindle, Owen M – 1/2-1/2 – Bely, Matthieu – G7 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. d4 Qc7
1964 Chigorin Memorial – Round 7 – Nezhmetdinov, Rashid – 1-0 – Ujtumen, Tudev – G48 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1964 Moscow Ch – Round ? – Zaitsev, Igor A – 1-0 – Jakhin, Rashid – G94 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1965 Rio de Janeiro – Round 10 – Camara, Helder – 0-1 – Mecking, Henrique – G19 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1966 La Habana olm prel – Round 2 – Lee, Peter N – 1-0 – Keogh, Edward – G71 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O b5 6. Bb3 Be7 7. Re1 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. h3 O-O
1966 Trofeo San Marco – Round 5 – Siveri, Armando – 0-1 – Gai, Sebastiano – G10 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5

C97i —

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.O-O Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 O-O 8.c3 d6 9.h3 Na5 10.Bc2 c5 11.d4 Qc7 12.Nbd2 Bd7 13.Nf1

Eval: [+0.48]

Les coups candidats

13…cxd4 — 27.0% (668 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Manduch, Milan Ing (28x), Wiesinger, Johann (11x), Polakovic, Pavol (9x), Hadrys, Bogdan (7x), Lukacs, Peter (7x), Hjartarson, Johann (6x), Fourie, M J (6x), Malmstroem, Jan Hendrik (6x)

13…Nc4 — 24.9% (615 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Unzicker, Wolfgang (9x), Kobese, Watu (9x), Frolov, Artur (9x), Petrosian, Tigran V. (7x), Ivkov, Borislav (7x), Huebner, Robert (6x), Ibragimov, Ildar (6x), Olsen, Halvor (6x)

13…Rfe8 — 23.7% (586 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Gligorić, Svetozar (26x), Korchut, Adam (24x), Matanovic, Aleksandar (22x), Ivkov, Borislav (19x), Malmstroem, Jan Hendrik (14x), Tal, Mikhail (10x), Boleslavsky, Isaac (9x), Milic, Borislav (9x)

13…Rac8 — 12.3% (303 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Le Vu Thy, Vuong (4x), Sarmir, Milos (4x), Lytchak, Alexander, Dr. (3x), Zherebtsova, Alexandra (3x), Znosko-Borovsky, Eugene (2x), Kosanovic, Goran A (2x), Vark, Liina (2x), Zudov, Oleg (2x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	13…cxd4	13…Nc4	13…Rfe8	13…Rac8
<1800	49	29%	16%	22%	14%
1800-2200	758	26%	23%	18%	17%
2200-2600	755	37%	38%	10%	7%
2600+	30	23%	60%	13%	3%

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	13…cxd4	13…Nc4	13…Rfe8	13…Rac8
1900s	2	—	—	—	100%
1920s	14	14%	—	—	21%
1930s	13	23%	23%	15%	15%
1940s	25	24%	36%	4%	8%
1950s	206	8%	18%	64%	3%
1960s	187	12%	10%	60%	9%
1970s	102	15%	14%	44%	16%
1980s	191	47%	13%	22%	7%
1990s	285	33%	21%	17%	15%
2000s	645	31%	28%	13%	17%
2010s	727	28%	34%	15%	11%
2020s	75	21%	33%	21%	12%

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
13…cxd4	28%	21%	▼ -6.2%
13…Nc4	34%	33%	▼ -0.5%
13…Rfe8	15%	21%	▲ +6.8%
13…Rac8	11%	12%	▲ +1.1%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Tal, Mikhail — 10 parties
Smyslov, Vladimir — 4 parties
Karpov, Anatoly — 3 parties
Anand, Viswanathan — 3 parties
Botvinnik, Mikhail — 2 parties
Karpov, Aleksandr — 2 parties
Kasparov, Garry — 2 parties
Carlsen, Magnus — 1 partie

Parties historiques

13…cxd4 — 27.0% (668 parties)

1924 — Maroczy, Geza vs Reti, Richard — 1/2-1/2 — New York, NY USA
1929 — Znosko-Borovsky, Eugene vs Schwarzmann, L. — 1/2-1/2 — ?
1931 — Van den Bosch, Johannes vs Wagner, Heinrich — 1/2-1/2 — Prague CZE
1939 — Kramer, Haije vs Kmoch, Hans — 1/2-1/2 — Leeuwarden NED
1939 — Tolush, Alexander V vs Ragozin, Viacheslav — 0-1 — Leningrad RUS

13…Nc4 — 24.9% (615 parties)

1932 — Naegeli, Oskar vs Bernstein, Ossip — 1-0 — Bern SUI
1932 — Naegeli, Oskar vs Bernstein, Ossip — 0-1 — Bern SUI
1933 — Bolbochan, Jacobo vs De Souza Mendes, Joao — 1/2-1/2 — telegraph
1940 — Lilienthal, Andor vs Panov, Vasily — 1-0 — Moskou ch-URS
1946 — Simonovic, Borko vs Vukovic, Sava — 1-0 — Zagreb CRO

13…Rfe8 — 23.7% (586 parties)

1938 — Poschauko, Karl vs Bluemich, Max — 1-0 — Krakow POL
1938 — Poschauko, Karl vs Mross, Paul — 0-1 — Krakow POL
1940 — Lisitsin, Georgy vs Botvinnik, Mikhail — 1/2-1/2 — Moskou ch-URS
1952 — Aronin, Lev vs Smyslov, Vladimir — 1/2-1/2 — Moscow RUS
1952 — Aronin, Lev vs Smyslov, Vasily — 1/2-1/2 — Moscow RUS

13…Rac8 — 12.3% (303 parties)

1908 — Treybal, Frantisek vs Kvicala, Adam — 1/2-1/2 — Prague CZE
1908 — Cohn, Erich vs Berger, Jacob — 0-1 — Vienna AUT
1922 — Znosko-Borovsky, Eugene vs Guillen Watson, Cesar Augusto — 1-0 — Londen
1928 — Gereben, Erno vs Klieber Chaubard, Antoine — 1-0 — Mahrisch Schonberg
1929 — Van den Bosch, Johannes vs Belinfante, Alayne — 1-0 — The Hague NED

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