C92p — Spanish: Closed, Zaitsev, 12.a3

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.O-O Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 O-O 8.c3 d6 9.h3 Bb7 10.d4 Re8 11.Nbd2 Bf8 12.a3 * ● Trait aux Noirs

Ouverture — Centre fermé

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

abcdefgh

Plan principal. Jeu au centre (rupture c3-c4).

Atouts. Les Blancs s'appuient sur un contrôle dominant de b4 et d5 et un fou actif en b3.

En contrepartie. Plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le fou c1 et la tour a1).

Plans. Bc2 (Anticiper ...Na5 — 77 % des parties) ; Ba2 (Clouer f7, Fou actif (mobilité 6) — 16 % des parties).

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

hgfedcba

Plan principal. Attaque sur l'aile roi (...h6 dans 80 % des parties).

Côté adverse. Un mauvais fou en c1.

En contrepartie. Plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le fou f8 et la tour a8).

Plans. ...h6 (80 % des parties) ; ...g6 (Préparer le fianchetto — 14 % des parties).

Avantages

Faiblesses

Diagonale active

Plans

Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	—
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	● b2→a3, b2→c3, g2→h3, c3→d4	● a6→b5, d6→e5, c7→d6
Passés	—	—
Majorité	—	—

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	● b4 (2v1), ● d5 (2v1)	—
Cases faibles	—	—
Centre	● d5 (2v1), ● e4 (2v1)	● e5 (3v2)

Colonnes et diagonales

♔ Blancs

♚ Noirs

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bc1	● Bc1 Non développé (mob. 0)
Bb3	● Bb3 Actif (mob. 7)
Bb7		● Bb7 Ok (mob. 1)
Bf8		● Bf8 Non développé (mob. 1)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Clouages	—	● pawn f7
Non développées	2 (● c1, ● a1)	2 (● f8, ● a8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Roqué	● Roqué
Droits de roque	—	—

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	fermé
Ruptures	● c3-c4	● …d6-d5

Partie
18. Amber Rapid 2009 – Round 4 – Topalov, Veselin – 1-0 – Morozevich, Alexander – G9 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Bb7 10. d4 Re8
22. ECU Club Cup 2006 – Round 4 – Jakovenko, Dmitry – 1/2-1/2 – Kasimdzhanov, Rustam – G100 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Re8 10. d4 Bb7
30. ECC Open 2014 – Round 4.3 – Karjakin, Sergey – 1/2-1/2 – Svidler, Peter – G83 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Re8 10. d4 Bb7
30. ECC Open 2014 – Round 5.5 – Van Kampen, Robin – 1-0 – Nemeth, Miklos – G110 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O b5 6. Bb3 Be7 7. Re1 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Bb7 10. d4 Re8
36. Olympiad 2004 – Round 8 – Fedorov, Alexeiei – 1/2-1/2 – Perez Candelario, Manuel – G288 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Bb7 10. d4 Re8
4. Sinquefield Cup 2016 – Round 5.2 – Topalov, Veselin – 1-0 – Ding, Liren – G22 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Re8 10. d4 Bb7
41. Olympiad Open 2014 – Round 3.14 – Navara, David – 1-0 – Ghaem Maghami, Ehsan – G191 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Bb7 10. d4 Re8
41. Olympiad Open 2014 – Round 8.12 – Zhigalko, Sergei – 1-0 – Saric, Ivan – G547 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Re8 10. d4 Bb7
43. Olympiad 2018 – Round 11.22 – Zhigalko, Sergei – 1/2-1/2 – Morovic Fernandez, Ivan – G731 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Re8 10. d4 Bb7
43. Olympiad 2018 – Round 3.14 – Zhigalko, Sergei – 1-0 – Idani, Pouya – G172 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Bb7 10. d4 Re8
8. Tal Memorial 2013 – Round 3.1 – Anand, Viswanathan – 1-0 – Morozevich, Alexander – G9 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Re8 10. d4 Bb7
Belgrade 1987 – Round ? – Ljubojevic, Ljubomir – 1-0 – Gligoric, Svetozar – G49 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Bb7 10. d4 Re8
Bugojno 1978 – Round 6 – Karpov, Anatoly – 1/2-1/2 – Gligoric, Sofija – G41 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Bb7 10. d4 Re8
Bugojno 1986 – Round 3 – Timman, Jan H – 1/2-1/2 – Karpov, Anatoly – G20 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Bb7 10. d4 Re8
Bugojno 1986 – Round 3 – Timman, Jan H – 1/2-1/2 – Karpov, Anatoly – G21 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Bb7 10. d4 Re8
Corus 2002 – Round 2 – Adams, Michael – 1-0 – Grischuk, Alexander – G13 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Re8 10. d4 Bb7
Dortmund 2005 – Round 4 – Sutovsky, Emil – 0-1 – Bacrot, Etienne – G9 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Bb7 10. d4 Re8
EU-Cup 24th 2008 – Round 7 – Sasikiran, Krishnan – 1/2-1/2 – Adams, Michael – G92 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Bb7 10. d4 Re8
European Club Cup 2015 – Round 7.2 – Adams, Michael – 1-0 – Matlakov, Maxim – G128 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Re8 10. d4 Bb7
European Club Cup 2015 – Round 7.2 – Giri, Anish – 1/2-1/2 – Dominguez Perez, Leinier – G127 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Bb7 10. d4 Re8
FIDE WCh KO 2000 – Round 1.4 – Rychagov, Mikhail – 0-1 – Bacrot, Etienne – G41 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Bb7 10. d4 Re8
FIDE World Cup 2015 – Round 1.1 – Karjakin, Sergey – 1-0 – Espinosa Veloz, Ermes – G48 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Bb7 10. d4 Re8
FIDE World Cup 2019 – Round 1.1 – Karthikeyan, Murali – 1/2-1/2 – Inarkiev, Ernesto – G49 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Re8 10. d4 Bb7
FTX Crypto Cup 2022 – Round 2.1 – Firouzja, Alireza – 1/2-1/2 – Le, Quang Liem – G18 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Bb7 10. d4 Re8
Hilversum KRO Men 1985 – Round 1 – Timman, Jan H – 0-1 – Kasparov, Garry – G1 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Bb7 10. d4 Re8
Hilversum KRO Men 1985 – Round 3 – Timman, Jan H – 1-0 – Kasparov, Garry – G2 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Bb7 10. d4 Re8
KO Rapid 2003 – Round 1.2 – Grischuk, Alexander – 1/2-1/2 – Bacrot, Etienne – G7 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Bb7 10. d4 Re8
Linares 1989 – Round ? – Hjartarson, Johann – 0-1 – Karpov, Anatoly – G48 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Bb7 10. d4 Re8
Lindores Abbey Tal Memorial 2021 – Round 12.19 – Kovalev, Vladislav – 1-0 – Kravtsiv, Martyn – G518 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Bb7 10. d4 Re8
Manila Interzonal 1990 – Round 13 – Adams, Michael – 0-1 – Nikolic, Predrag – G221 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Re8 10. d4 Bb7
Moscow 1981 – Round ? – Karpov, Anatoly – 1/2-1/2 – Smejkal, Jan – G52 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Bb7 10. d4 Re8
Reykjavik 1987 – Round ? – Short, Nigel D – 0-1 – Hjartarson, Johann – G39 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Bb7 10. d4 Re8
Reykjavik ISL 1987 – Round 8 – Short, Nigel D – 0-1 – Hjartarson, Johann – G2 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Bb7 10. d4 Re8
Riga Interzonal 1979 – Round 3 – Tal, Mikhail – 1-0 – Romanishin, Oleg M – G6 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Bb7 10. d4 Re8
RUS Ch Superfinal 2005 – Round 6 – Motylev, Alexander – 0-1 – Jakovenko, Dmitry – G33 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Re8 10. d4 Bb7
Tal Memorial 2007 – Round 6 – Kamsky, Gata – 0-1 – Jakovenko, Dmitry – G26 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Re8 10. d4 Bb7
Tal Memorial 2008 – Round 8 – Ponomariov, Ruslan – 1/2-1/2 – Ivanchuk, Vasyl – G31 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Bb7 10. d4 Re8
Tilburg 1986 – Round 5 – Huebner, Robert – 1/2-1/2 – Portisch, Lajos – G5 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Bb7 10. d4 Re8
Tilburg 1988 – Round ? – Short, Nigel D – 1/2-1/2 – Hjartarson, Johann – G15 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Bb7 10. d4 Re8
Tilburg 1988 – Round ? – Timman, Jan H – 1-0 – Hjartarson, Johann – G18 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Bb7 10. d4 Re8
USR - Wereld 1984 – Round 3.8 – Huebner, Robert – 1/2-1/2 – Razuvaev, Yuriy – G10 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Re8 10. d4 Bb7
Vugar Gashimov Mem 2014 – Round 9.2 – Radjabov, Teimour – 1/2-1/2 – Carlsen, Magnus – G26 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Bb7 10. d4 Re8
Vugar Gashimov Mem 2019 – Round 6.5 – Topalov, Veselin – 1-0 – Mamedyarov, Shakhriyar – G30 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Bb7 10. d4 Re8
World Blitz 2021 – Round 2.48 – Bologan, Victor – 1-0 – Petrosyan, Manuel – G105 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O b5 6. Bb3 Be7 7. Re1 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Bb7 10. d4 Re8
World Blitz 2023 – Round 7.3 – Duda, Jacob – 0-1 – Sjugirov, Sanan – G409 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Bb7 10. d4 Re8
World Cup 1988 – Round 1 – Hjartarson, Johann – 1-0 – Short, Nigel D – G54 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Bb7 10. d4 Re8

C92p — Closed, Zaitsev (1978)

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.O-O Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 O-O 8.c3 d6 9.h3 Bb7 10.d4 Re8 11.Nbd2 Bf8 12.a3

Les coups candidats

12…h6 — 79.7% (2355 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Langer, Raimund (71x), Glaser, Karel (38x), Schmidt, Theo (28x), Adeyemi, Phebe Adesinuola (22x), Cavajda, Ivan (19x), Ruch, Eric (18x), Schwetlick, Thomas (16x), Pinchon, François (15x)

12…g6 — 14.4% (424 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Van Leeuwen, Etienne (8x), Voiculescu, Costel (5x), Gavrilov, Alexei (4x), Babu, N Sudhakar (4x), Kolanek, Roman (4x), Gufeld, Eduard (3x), Ibragimov, Ildar (3x), Müller, Detlef (3x)

12…Qd7 — 2.7% (81 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Nikolic, Predrag (5x), Popenkov, Aleksandr Petrovich (4x), Gufeld, Eduard (2x), Veingold, Aleksandr (2x), Bacrot, Etienne (2x), Houtman, Joop (2x), Ivanov, Alexander (2x), Brzozka, Stefan (1x)

12…Nb8 — 1.6% (48 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Campora, Daniel H. (1x), London, Dimitri (1x), Anderson, Renard (1x), Kotlyar, Gregory (1x), Korolev, Anatoly (1x), Christov, Ilya (1x), Blodstein, Arkady (1x), Tjanav, T. (1x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	12…h6	12…g6	12…Qd7	12…Nb8
<1800	94	78%	15%	4%	1%
1800-2200	884	85%	11%	2%	1%
2200-2600	1669	78%	16%	3%	2%
2600+	146	83%	10%	3%	1%

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	12…h6	12…g6	12…Qd7	12…Nb8
1970s	17	59%	41%	—	—
1980s	234	70%	15%	6%	6%
1990s	191	66%	26%	2%	4%
2000s	294	69%	20%	5%	4%
2010s	1599	81%	14%	3%	0%
2020s	619	89%	7%	0%	1%

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
12…h6	81%	89%	▲ +8.3%
12…g6	14%	7%	▼ -6.8%
12…Qd7	3%	0%	▼ -2.4%
12…Nb8	0%	1%	▲ +1.1%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Karpov, Anatoly — 10 parties
Kasparov, Garry — 3 parties
Ding, Liren — 3 parties
Anand, Viswanathan — 2 parties
Tal, Mikhail — 1 partie
Karpov, Aleksandr — 1 partie
Hou, Yifan — 1 partie
Carlsen, Magnus — 1 partie

Parties historiques

12…h6 — 79.7% (2355 parties)

1976 — Opl, Klaus vs Zoebisch, Herbert — 1-0 — Vienna AUT
1978 — Costa, Fernando vs Francke, Helmut, Dr. — 1/2-1/2 — ?
1978 — Pioch, Zygmunt vs Voormans, Jan — 1/2-1/2 — EU-chT2 corr7887
1978 — Beliavsky, Alexander G vs Geller, Efim P. — 0-1 — Lvov zt
1979 — Tal, Mikhail vs Romanishin, Oleg M — 1-0 — Riga LAT

12…g6 — 14.4% (424 parties)

1976 — Sakharov, Aleksey vs Zaitsev, Igor A — 1/2-1/2 — Sochi RUS
1978 — Karpov, Aleksandr vs Gligoric, Sofija — 1/2-1/2 — Bugojno BIH
1978 — Matanovic, Aleksandar vs Ivkov, Borislav — 1/2-1/2 — Belgrade SRB
1979 — Ivanovic, Bozidar vs Zaitsev, Igor A — 1-0 — Sochi RUS
1979 — Kinnmark, Ove vs Kaiszauri, Konstanty — 1-0 — Sweden

12…Qd7 — 2.7% (81 parties)

1980 — Psakhis, Lev vs Balashov, Yuri — 0-1 — Vilnius ch-URS
1981 — Gufeld, Eduard vs Veingold, Aleksandr — 1-0 — Moscow RUS
1981 — Gufeld vs Veingold, Aleksandr — 1-0 — URS chT
1981 — Matulovic, Milan vs Nikolic, Predrag — 0-1 — Yugoslavia
1983 — Ivanovic, Bozidar vs Nikolic, Predrag — 1/2-1/2 — Vrsac SRB

12…Nb8 — 1.6% (48 parties)

1980 — Epstein, Esther vs Belova, Tamara — 1-0 — Erevan ARM
1980 — Savereide, Diane vs Donaldson-A, Elena — 1-0 — Seattle, WA USA
1986 — Kuporosov, Viktor vs Zhukhovitsky, Samuel — 1-0 — ?
1986 — Zapata, Alonso vs Frey Beckman, Kenneth — 1-0 — Havana CUB
1987 — Lukin, Andrei M vs Vasilev, Nikolai GR — 1-0 — Leningrad RUS

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