Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	—
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	● b2→c3, d2→c3	● a6→b5
Passés	—	—
Majorité	—	—

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	—	● c4 (2v1), ● g4 (2v0)
Cases faibles	● e4	● d5
Centre	—	● e4 (2v1)

Colonnes et diagonales

♔ Blancs

♚ Noirs

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bc1	● Bc1 Non développé (mob. 0)
Bb3	● Bb3 Actif (mob. 4)
Be7		● Be7 Actif (mob. 4)
Bc8		● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 6)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Non développées	3 (● b1, ● c1, ● a1)	2 (● c8, ● a8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Roqué	● Roqué
Droits de roque	—	—

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	fermé
Ruptures	● c3-c4, ● d2-d4	● …d5-d4

C89a — Spanish: Marshall Counterattack

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.O-O Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 O-O 8.c3 d5 ○ Trait aux Blancs

Ouverture — Centre fermé

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

abcdefgh

Plans. exd5 (Capture en d5, Occuper le centre — 95 % des parties) ; d4 (Occuper le centre — 3 % des parties).

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

hgfedcba

Plans. ...dxe4 (Capture en e4, Occuper le centre — 2 % des parties).

Avantages

Faiblesses

Diagonale active

Plans

Partie
1945 Novi Sad – Round 15 – Tsvetkov, Alexandar K – 1/2-1/2 – Preinfalk, Anton – G151 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d3 Qd6 10. Nbd2 Be6
1947 Leningrad ch-URS – Round 16 – Boleslavsky, Isaac – 1/2-1/2 – Lilienthal, Andor – G151 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d3 dxe4 10. dxe4 Qxd1
1950 Moskou ch-URS – Round 1 – Geller, Efim P – 0-1 – Suetin, Alexey S – G90 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O b5 6. Bb3 Be7 7. c3 O-O 8. Re1 d5 9. d4 Nxe4 10. dxe5 Be6
1950 Moskou ch-URS – Round 1 – Konstantinopolsky, Alexander – 1/2-1/2 – Borisenko, Georgy K – G94 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d4 Nxe4 10. dxe5 Be6
1950 Moskou ch-URS – Round 8 – Averbakh, Yuri L – 1-0 – Liublinsky, Victor – G126 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O b5 6. Bb3 Be7 7. c3 O-O 8. Re1 d5 9. d4 Nxe4 10. dxe5 Be6
1950 Szczawno Zdroj – Round 1 – Tarnowski, Alfred – 0-1 – Szabo, Laszlo – G7 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d4 Nxe4 10. dxe5 Be6
1951 Buenos Aires – Round 12 – Cruz Garibaldi, Milton Esteban – 1/2-1/2 – Rebizzo, Cayetano – G76 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d3 d4 10. Qe2 Bg4
1951 Hoogovens – Round 2 – Poulsen, Christian – 1/2-1/2 – Rossolimo, Nicolas – G4 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d4 exd4 10. exd5 Nxd5
1951 Hungary Ch – Round 1 – Benko, Pal – 0-1 – Borloy, Karoly – G77 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d4 Nxe4 10. dxe5 Be6
1952 Budapest – Round 17 – Szily, Jozsef – 0-1 – Szabo, Ladislav – G151 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d4 exd4 10. e5 Ne4
1952 Hagen – Round 7 – Schuster, Theodor – 0-1 – Rellstab, Ludwig – G9 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O b5 6. Bb3 Be7 7. Re1 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d3 Qd6 10. Bg5 Be6
1958 Munich olm fin-C – Round 8 – Palmiotto, Fiorentino – 1/2-1/2 – Ofstad, Per – G22 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d4 dxe4 10. Nxe5 Bb7
1958 Munich olm prel – Round 1 – Tarazi, Andre – 0-1 – Dittmann, Sieghart – G26 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d3 dxe4 10. dxe4 Qxd1
1959 Buenos Aires VC – Round 8 – Foguelman – 1/2-1/2 – Schweber – G29 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O b5 6. Bb3 Be7 7. Re1 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d3 dxe4 10. dxe4 Qxd1
1959 FRG Ch U20 – Round 5 – Pusch, Hermann, Dr. – 0-1 – Pfleger, Helmut, Dr. – G5 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d3 Bg4 10. exd5 Nxd5
1960 Moscow – Round 1 – Minev, Nikolay N – 1/2-1/2 – Antoshin, Vladimir S – G7 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d5 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1961 Buenos Aires ch-ARG – Round 7 – Foguelman – 1-0 – Acosta Garcia, Rafael Isaac – G45 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d3 dxe4 10. dxe4 Qxd1
1963 Leningrad ch-URS – Round 1 – Kholmov, Ratmir D – 1-0 – Nei, Iivo – G112 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d4 Nxe4 10. dxe5 Be6
1964 Rubinstein Memorial – Round 12 – Parma, Bruno – 1/2-1/2 – Zinn, Lothar – G39 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d4 exd4 10. e5 Ne4
1964 Zagreb – Round 2 – Parma, Bruno – 1-0 – Nemet, Ivan – G10 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d4 Nxe4 10. dxe5 Be6
1965 DDR Ch 15th – Round 14 – Neukirch, Detlef – 1-0 – Litkiewicz, Kurt – G59 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d4 dxe4 10. Nxe5 Bb7
1967 Asztalos Memorial 10th – Round 14 – Kavalek, Lubomir – 1/2-1/2 – Cobo Arteaga, Eldis – G73 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d4 Nxe4 10. dxe5 Be6
1967 Buenos Aires VC Ch – Round 5 – Rebizzo, Cayetano – 1-0 – Riveiro, Jorge – G4 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d4 Bg4 10. exd5 e4
1968 Lugano olm - Round 1 - Yanofsky, Daniel Abraham - 1-0 - Rovira Mas, Jorge - G301 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d3 Bg4 10. Bg5 dxe4
1968 Palma de Mallorca – Round 2 – Westerinen, Heikki M.J. – 1-0 – Calvo José Minguez, Ricardo – G25 1. e4 Nc6 2. Nf3 e5 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d4 Nxe4 10. Nxe5 Nxe5
74. Tata Steel GMA 2012 – Round 12 – Carlsen, Magnus – 1/2-1/2 – Kamsky, Gata – G83 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d4 dxe4 10. Nxe5 Bb7
80. Tata Steel GpA 2018 – Round 4.2 – Hou, Yifan(HLJ) – 0-1 – Matlakov, Maxim – G21 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d4 exd4 10. e5 Ne4
Corus 2002 – Round 5 – Khalifman, Alexander – 1/2-1/2 – Adams, Michael – G33 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d4 dxe4 10. Nxe5 Bb7
FIDE WCh KO 2001 – Round 2.1 – Sulskis, Sarunas – 1-0 – Svidler, Peter – G184 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d4 Nxe4 10. dxe5 Be6
Karen Asrian Memorial 2008 – Round 14 – Morozevich, Alexander – 1/2-1/2 – Leko, Peter – G38 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d4 dxe4 10. Nxe5 Nxe5
Tal Memorial 2006 – Round 9 – Morozevich, Alexander – 1/2-1/2 – Shirov, Alexei – G39 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d4 dxe4 10. Nxe5 Nxe5
Tal Memorial 2007 – Round 2 – Ivanchuk, Vasyl – 1/2-1/2 – Jakovenko, Dmitry – G7 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d4 exd4 10. e5 Ne4
World Rapid 2019 – Round 3.2 – Ponkratov, Pavel – 1/2-1/2 – Aronian, Levon – G163 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d4 dxe4 10. Nxe5 Nxe5

C89a — Marshall Attack (1945)

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.O-O Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 O-O 8.c3 d5

Les coups candidats

9.exd5 — 93.5% (17427 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Simmelink, Joop Theo (164x), Kireev, Sergey (114x), Moody, David W (87x), Wiesinger, Johann (78x), Herzog, Klaus (68x), Beckett, Phillip J (59x), Andrews, Graham (54x), Adams, Michael (46x)

9.d4 — 4.2% (786 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Cimicki, Dariusz (17x), Broniek, Mariusz Maciej (13x), Conde Poderoso, Antonio (12x), Dunlop, Gordon (8x), Simmelink, Joop Theo (7x), Herzog, Klaus (7x), Beckett, Phillip J (6x), Vegjeleki, Adolf (5x)

9.d3 — 2.0% (367 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Aannevik, Bjarne (6x), Ivkov, Borislav (3x), Moody, David W (3x), Mo Manyu (3x), Faleg, Alberto (2x), Hansen, Berno (2x), Dimitrijevic, Vesna (2x), Belakovskaia, Anjelina (2x)

9.h3 — 0.1% (23 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Minev, Nikolay N (1x), Abanin, Vladimir (1x), Lobron, Eric (1x), Torre, Eugenio (1x), Santacruz, Cesar S. (1x), Defize, Alain (1x), Dambacher, Martijn (1x), Kuba, Guenter (1x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	9.exd5	9.d4	9.d3	9.h3
<1800	1310	92%	4%	4%	0%
1800-2200	7399	93%	4%	2%	0%
2200-2600	5309	94%	5%	1%	0%
2600+	443	93%	7%	0%	0%

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	9.exd5	9.d4	9.d3	9.h3
1950s	166	88%	8%	4%	—
1960s	430	94%	4%	1%	0%
1970s	518	93%	5%	1%	—
1980s	1149	96%	2%	2%	0%
1990s	2806	96%	1%	2%	0%
2000s	4581	92%	5%	3%	0%
2010s	6563	93%	5%	2%	0%
2020s	2420	94%	5%	1%	0%

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
9.exd5	93%	94%	▲ +1.4%
9.d4	5%	5%	▼ -0.5%
9.d3	2%	1%	▼ -0.7%
9.h3	0%	0%	-0.0%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Tal, Mikhail — 10 parties
Anand, Viswanathan — 10 parties
Carlsen, Magnus — 10 parties
Ding, Liren — 9 parties
Hou, Yifan — 8 parties
Kramnik, Vladimir — 4 parties
Gukesh D — 3 parties
Karpov, Anatoly — 2 parties
Botvinnik, Mikhail — 1 partie

Parties historiques

9.exd5 — 93.5% (17427 parties)

1950 — Jorgensen, Leon vs Tornerup, John — 0-1 — Vejle DEN
1950 — Makarov, Andrei vs Novotelnov, Nikolai — 0-1 — Memorial M.Chigorin, Cheliabi
1950 — Lowenfisch, Grigory vs Nezhmetdinov, Rashit — 0-1 — USSR
1950 — Mitchell, Graham Russell vs Barda, Olaf — 1-0 — ICCF
1950 — Boleslavsky, Isaac vs Szabo, Laszlo — 1/2-1/2 — ?

9.d4 — 4.2% (786 parties)

1950 — Konstantinopolsky, Alexander vs Borisenko, Georgy K — 1/2-1/2 — Moskou ch-URS
1950 — Averbakh, Yuri L vs Liublinsky, Victor — 1-0 — Moscow RUS
1950 — Geller, Efim P. vs Suetin, Alexey S — 0-1 — Moskou ch-URS
1950 — Tarnowski, Alfred vs Szabo, Laszlo — 0-1 — Szczawno Zdroj
1951 — Benko, Pal vs Borloy, Karoly — 0-1 — Hungary ch

9.d3 — 2.0% (367 parties)

1950 — Kupferstich, Moises vs Almiron, Martin Alejandro — 1/2-1/2 — Dubrovnik olm
1951 — Garibaldi, Oscar vs Rebizzo, Cayetano — 1/2-1/2 — Buenos Aires ARG
1952 — Schuster, Theodor vs Rellstab, Ludwig — 0-1 — Hagen
1958 — Tarazi, Andre vs Dittmann, Sieghart — 0-1 — Munich GER
1958 — Caetano, Pedro de Mendonca vs Pomar Salamanca, Arturo — 0-1 — Valencia

9.h3 — 0.1% (23 parties)

1960 — Minev, Nikolay N vs Abanin, Vladimir — 1/2-1/2 — Moscow RUS
1982 — Lobron, Eric vs Torre, Eugenio — 1/2-1/2 — Manila PHI
1986 — Santacruz, Cesar S. vs Defize, Alain — 1/2-1/2 — Dubai olm
1990 — Mende, Emil vs Espindola, Carlos Alejandro — 0-1 — ?
1992 — Gufeld, Eduard vs Razuvaev, Yuri S — 1/2-1/2 — Moscow RUS

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