C89a — Spanish: Marshall Counterattack

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.O-O Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 O-O 8.c3 d5 ○ Trait aux Blancs

Ouverture — Centre fermé

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

abcdefgh

Plan principal. Jeu au centre (rupture c3-c4).

Atouts. Les Blancs s'appuient sur un fou actif en b3 et la paire de fous.

Côté adverse. Le fou enfermé en c8.

En contrepartie. Plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le cavalier b1, le fou c1 et la tour a1).

Plans. d3 (Libérer Bc1) ; h3 (Empêcher ...Bg4) ; Bc2 (Anticiper ...Na5).

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

hgfedcba

Plan principal. Exploiter la case forte c4….

Atouts. Les Noirs s'appuient sur les cases fortes c4 et g4, un fou actif en e7 et la paire de fous.

Côté adverse. Le fou enfermé en c1.

En contrepartie. Plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le fou c8 et la tour a8).

Plans. ...Bg4 (Développer Bc8, clouer Nf3) ; ...Na5 (Attaquer Bb3) ; ...d4 (Rupture).

Avantages

Faiblesses adverses

Diagonale active

Plans

Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	—
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	● b2→c3, d2→c3	● a6→b5
Passés	—	—
Majorité	—	—

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	—	● c4 (2v1), ● g4 (2v0)
Cases faibles	● e4	● d5
Centre	—	● e4 (2v1)

Colonnes et diagonales

♔ Blancs

♚ Noirs

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bc1	● Bc1 Non développé (mob. 0)
Bb3	● Bb3 Actif (mob. 4)
Be7		● Be7 Actif (mob. 4)
Bc8		● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 6)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Non développées	3 (● b1, ● c1, ● a1)	2 (● c8, ● a8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Roqué	● Roqué
Droits de roque	—	—

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	fermé
Ruptures	● c3-c4, ● d2-d3	● …d5-d4

Partie
1945 Novi Sad – Round 15 – Tsvetkov, Alexandar K – 1/2-1/2 – Preinfalk, Anton – G151 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d3 Qd6 10. Nbd2 Be6
1947 Leningrad ch-URS – Round 16 – Boleslavsky, Isaac – 1/2-1/2 – Lilienthal, Andor – G151 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d3 dxe4 10. dxe4 Qxd1
1950 Moskou ch-URS – Round 1 – Geller, Efim P – 0-1 – Suetin, Alexey S – G90 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O b5 6. Bb3 Be7 7. c3 O-O 8. Re1 d5 9. d4 Nxe4 10. dxe5 Be6
1950 Moskou ch-URS – Round 1 – Konstantinopolsky, Alexander – 1/2-1/2 – Borisenko, Georgy K – G94 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d4 Nxe4 10. dxe5 Be6
1950 Moskou ch-URS – Round 8 – Averbakh, Yuri L – 1-0 – Liublinsky, Victor – G126 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O b5 6. Bb3 Be7 7. c3 O-O 8. Re1 d5 9. d4 Nxe4 10. dxe5 Be6
1950 Szczawno Zdroj – Round 1 – Tarnowski, Alfred – 0-1 – Szabo, Laszlo – G7 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d4 Nxe4 10. dxe5 Be6
1951 Buenos Aires – Round 12 – Cruz Garibaldi, Milton Esteban – 1/2-1/2 – Rebizzo, Cayetano – G76 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d3 d4 10. Qe2 Bg4
1951 Hoogovens – Round 2 – Poulsen, Christian – 1/2-1/2 – Rossolimo, Nicolas – G4 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d4 exd4 10. exd5 Nxd5
1951 Hungary Ch – Round 1 – Benko, Pal – 0-1 – Borloy, Karoly – G77 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d4 Nxe4 10. dxe5 Be6
1952 Budapest – Round 17 – Szily, Jozsef – 0-1 – Szabo, Ladislav – G151 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d4 exd4 10. e5 Ne4
1952 Hagen – Round 7 – Schuster, Theodor – 0-1 – Rellstab, Ludwig – G9 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O b5 6. Bb3 Be7 7. Re1 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d3 Qd6 10. Bg5 Be6
1958 Munich olm fin-C – Round 8 – Palmiotto, Fiorentino – 1/2-1/2 – Ofstad, Per – G22 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d4 dxe4 10. Nxe5 Bb7
1958 Munich olm prel – Round 1 – Tarazi, Andre – 0-1 – Dittmann, Sieghart – G26 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d3 dxe4 10. dxe4 Qxd1
1959 Buenos Aires VC – Round 8 – Foguelman – 1/2-1/2 – Schweber – G29 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O b5 6. Bb3 Be7 7. Re1 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d3 dxe4 10. dxe4 Qxd1
1959 FRG Ch U20 – Round 5 – Pusch, Hermann, Dr. – 0-1 – Pfleger, Helmut, Dr. – G5 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d3 Bg4 10. exd5 Nxd5
1960 Moscow – Round 1 – Minev, Nikolay N – 1/2-1/2 – Antoshin, Vladimir S – G7 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d5 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1961 Buenos Aires ch-ARG – Round 7 – Foguelman – 1-0 – Acosta Garcia, Rafael Isaac – G45 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d3 dxe4 10. dxe4 Qxd1
1963 Leningrad ch-URS – Round 1 – Kholmov, Ratmir D – 1-0 – Nei, Iivo – G112 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d4 Nxe4 10. dxe5 Be6
1964 Rubinstein Memorial – Round 12 – Parma, Bruno – 1/2-1/2 – Zinn, Lothar – G39 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d4 exd4 10. e5 Ne4
1964 Zagreb – Round 2 – Parma, Bruno – 1-0 – Nemet, Ivan – G10 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d4 Nxe4 10. dxe5 Be6
1965 DDR Ch 15th – Round 14 – Neukirch, Detlef – 1-0 – Litkiewicz, Kurt – G59 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d4 dxe4 10. Nxe5 Bb7
1967 Asztalos Memorial 10th – Round 14 – Kavalek, Lubomir – 1/2-1/2 – Cobo Arteaga, Eldis – G73 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d4 Nxe4 10. dxe5 Be6
1967 Buenos Aires VC Ch – Round 5 – Rebizzo, Cayetano – 1-0 – Riveiro, Jorge – G4 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d4 Bg4 10. exd5 e4
1968 Lugano olm - Round 1 - Yanofsky, Daniel Abraham - 1-0 - Rovira Mas, Jorge - G301 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d3 Bg4 10. Bg5 dxe4
1968 Palma de Mallorca – Round 2 – Westerinen, Heikki M.J. – 1-0 – Calvo José Minguez, Ricardo – G25 1. e4 Nc6 2. Nf3 e5 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d4 Nxe4 10. Nxe5 Nxe5
74. Tata Steel GMA 2012 – Round 12 – Carlsen, Magnus – 1/2-1/2 – Kamsky, Gata – G83 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d4 dxe4 10. Nxe5 Bb7
80. Tata Steel GpA 2018 – Round 4.2 – Hou, Yifan(HLJ) – 0-1 – Matlakov, Maxim – G21 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d4 exd4 10. e5 Ne4
Corus 2002 – Round 5 – Khalifman, Alexander – 1/2-1/2 – Adams, Michael – G33 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d4 dxe4 10. Nxe5 Bb7
FIDE WCh KO 2001 – Round 2.1 – Sulskis, Sarunas – 1-0 – Svidler, Peter – G184 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d4 Nxe4 10. dxe5 Be6
Karen Asrian Memorial 2008 – Round 14 – Morozevich, Alexander – 1/2-1/2 – Leko, Peter – G38 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d4 dxe4 10. Nxe5 Nxe5
Tal Memorial 2006 – Round 9 – Morozevich, Alexander – 1/2-1/2 – Shirov, Alexei – G39 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d4 dxe4 10. Nxe5 Nxe5
Tal Memorial 2007 – Round 2 – Ivanchuk, Vasyl – 1/2-1/2 – Jakovenko, Dmitry – G7 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d4 exd4 10. e5 Ne4
World Rapid 2019 – Round 3.2 – Ponkratov, Pavel – 1/2-1/2 – Aronian, Levon – G163 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. d4 dxe4 10. Nxe5 Nxe5

C89a — Spanish: Marshall Counterattack

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.O-O Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 O-O 8.c3 d5

Eval: [+0.59]

Les coups candidats

9.exd5 — 93.6% (17331 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Simmelink, Joop Theo (164x), Kireev, Sergey (114x), Wiesinger, Johann (88x), Moody, David W (87x), Beckett, Phillip J (73x), Herzog, Klaus (68x), Kahl, Fred (63x), Potrata, Janko (60x)

9.d4 — 4.2% (772 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Cimicki, Dariusz (17x), Broniek, Mariusz Maciej (13x), Conde Poderoso, Antonio (11x), Simmelink, Joop Theo (9x), Dunlop, Gordon (8x), Herzog, Klaus (7x), Beckett, Phillip J (6x), Vegjeleki, Adolf (5x)

9.d3 — 1.9% (361 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Aannevik, Bjarne (8x), Ivkov, Borislav (3x), Moody, David W (3x), Geissler, Dieter (3x), Kis Kos Laszlo (3x), Foguelman (2x), Hansen, Berno (2x), Schulz, Jale (2x)

9.h3 — 0.1% (23 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Minev, Nikolay N (1x), Antoshin, Vladimir S (1x), Santacruz, Cesar S. (1x), Defize, Alain (1x), Lobron, Eric (1x), Torre, Eugenio (1x), Gufeld, Eduard (1x), Razuvaev, Yuri S (1x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	9.exd5	9.d4	9.d3	9.h3
<1800	681	90%	4%	5%	0%
1800-2200	6144	93%	5%	3%	0%
2200-2600	6134	94%	5%	1%	0%
2600+	462	92%	7%	0%	0%

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	9.exd5	9.d4	9.d3	9.h3
1790s	1	—	100%	—	—
1890s	1	100%	—	—	—
1900s	1	100%	—	—	—
1910s	6	100%	—	—	—
1920s	10	90%	—	10%	—
1930s	12	100%	—	—	—
1940s	51	92%	4%	4%	—
1950s	165	88%	8%	4%	—
1960s	437	95%	4%	1%	0%
1970s	518	93%	5%	1%	—
1980s	1140	96%	2%	2%	0%
1990s	2799	96%	1%	2%	0%
2000s	4552	92%	5%	3%	0%
2010s	6538	93%	5%	2%	0%
2020s	2285	95%	4%	1%	0%

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
9.exd5	93%	95%	▲ +1.9%
9.d4	5%	4%	▼ -0.8%
9.d3	2%	1%	▼ -0.9%
9.h3	0%	0%	-0.0%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Tal, Mikhail — 10 parties
Anand, Viswanathan — 10 parties
Carlsen, Magnus — 10 parties
Ding, Liren — 9 parties
Hou, Yifan — 8 parties
Kramnik, Vladimir — 4 parties
Karpov, Anatoly — 2 parties
Gukesh D — 2 parties
Lasker, Emanuel — 1 partie
Botvinnik, Mikhail — 1 partie
Euwe, Max — 1 partie

Parties historiques

9.exd5 — 93.6% (17331 parties)

1893 — Walbrodt, Carl vs ? — 0-1 — Havana CUB
1901 — Sittenfeld, Stanislaus vs Soldatenkov V — 0-1 — ?
1917 — Frere, Bruno vs Akonde Marshall — 0-1 — New York, NY USA
1918 — Capablanca, Jose vs Marshall, Frank — 1-0 — New York, NY USA
1918 — Capablanca vs Akonde Marshall — 1-0 — New York, NY USA

9.d4 — 4.2% (772 parties)

1792 — Morris, Bruce vs Barroso Law, Wildried — 1-0 — ?
1944 — Yanofsky, Daniel Abraham vs Divinsky, Nathan — 1/2-1/2 — Winnipeg CAN
1944 — Solmanis, Zigfrids vs Keres, Paul Petrovich — 0-1 — Riga LAT
1950 — Averbakh, Yuri L vs Liublinsky, Victor — 1-0 — Moskou ch-URS
1950 — Geller, Efim P. vs Suetin, Alexey S — 0-1 — Moskou ch-URS

9.d3 — 1.9% (361 parties)

1923 — Thomas Harold vs O'Hanlon, John — 1/2-1/2 — ?
1945 — Tsvetkov, Alexandar K vs Preinfalk, Anton — 1/2-1/2 — Novi Sad SRB
1947 — Boleslavsky, Isaac vs Lilienthal, Andor — 1/2-1/2 — Leningrad ch-URS
1950 — Kupferstich, Moises vs Maccioni, Alejandro — 1/2-1/2 — Dubrovnik CRO
1951 — Cruz Garibaldi, Milton Esteban vs Rebizzo, Cayetano — 1/2-1/2 — Buenos Aires ARG

9.h3 — 0.1% (23 parties)

1960 — Minev, Nikolay N vs Antoshin, Vladimir S — 1/2-1/2 — Moscow RUS
1982 — Lobron, Eric vs Torre, Eugenio — 1/2-1/2 — Manila PHI
1986 — Santacruz, Cesar S. vs Defize, Alain — 1/2-1/2 — Dubai olm
1990 — Mende, Emil vs Espindola, Carlos Alejandro — 0-1 — ?
1992 — Gufeld, Eduard vs Razuvaev, Yuri S — 1/2-1/2 — Moscow RUS

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