C87d — Spanish: Closed, Averbakh, 7.Bxc6+ bxc6 8.d4 exd4

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.O-O Be7 6.Re1 d6 7.Bxc6+ bxc6 8.d4 exd4 9.Nxd4 * ● Trait aux Noirs

Ouverture — Centre semi-ouvert

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

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Atouts. Les Blancs s'appuient sur la case forte f5 et la colonne semi-ouverte d.

Côté adverse. Le pion isolé a6, les fous enfermés en e7 et c8, le roi resté au centre et une pièce en prise (le pion en c6).

En contrepartie. Plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le cavalier b1, le fou c1 et la tour a1).

Plans. Nbd2 (Développer Nb1) ; Bg5 (Clouer Nf6) ; Tour sur colonne d.

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

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Atouts. Les Noirs s'appuient sur les cases fortes g4 et b5, la paire de fous et les colonnes semi-ouvertes b et e.

Côté adverse. Le fou enfermé en c1.

En contrepartie. Le roi n'est pas encore à l'abri, plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le fou c8 et les tours a8 et h8) et le pion isolé a6.

Plans. O-O (Mettre le roi en sécurité, connecter les tours) ; ...Bf5 (Développer Bc8) ; ...c5 (Rupture) ; ...d5 (Rupture) ; Tour sur colonne b.

Avantages

Faiblesses adverses

Diagonale active

Plans

Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	● c6, ● c7
Pions isolés	—	● a6
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	—	● c7→d6
Passés	—	—
Majorité	—	—

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	● f5 (2v1)	● g4 (2v1), ● b5 (2v1)
Cases faibles	—	—
Centre	● d4 (1v0)	● d5 (2v1), ● e5 (1v0)

Colonnes et diagonales

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Semi-ouvertes	● d	● b, ● e

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bc1	● Bc1 Non développé (mob. 5)
Be7		● Be7 Enfermé (mob. 1)
Bc8		● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 6)
Paire de fous	Non	● Oui
Non développées	3 (b1, c1, a1)	3 (c8, a8, h8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Roqué	● Au centre !
Droits de roque	—	O-O / O-O-O

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	semi-ouvert
Ruptures	● c2-c3, ● e4-e5, ● f2-f3	● …c6-c5, ● …d6-d5

Partie
1903 It (Men) Monte Carlo MNC – Round 1 – Marchand, Max – 0-1 – Schelfhout, Willem – G6 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 d6 7. Bxc6+ bxc6 8. d4 exd4 9. Nxd4 Bd7 10. c4 O-O
1905 Scheveningen – Round 1 – Schories, Georg – 1-0 – Blejkmans D – G12 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 d6 7. Bxc6+ bxc6 8. d4 exd4 9. Nxd4 Bd7 10. c4 O-O
1909 World Championship 9th – Round 7 – Lasker, Emanuel – 1-0 – Forgacs, Leo – G7 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 d6 7. Bxc6+ bxc6 8. d4 exd4 9. Nxd4 Bd7 10. Bg5 O-O
1914 St Petersburg prel – Round 1 – Bernstein, Ossip – 1-0 – Gunsberg, Isidor – G11 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 d6 7. Bxc6+ bxc6 8. d4 exd4 9. Nxd4 Bd7 10. Nc3 O-O
1924 New York – Round ? – Lasker, Emanuel – 1/2-1/2 – Yates, Frederic D – G95 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 d6 7. Bxc6+ bxc6 8. d4 exd4 9. Nxd4 Bd7 10. Nc3 O-O
1924 New York – Round 11 – Lasker, Emanuel – 1/2-1/2 – Fred Dewhirst Yates – G72 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 d6 7. Bxc6+ bxc6 8. d4 exd4 9. Nxd4 Bd7 10. Nc3 O-O
1924 New York, NY USA – Round 11 – Lasker, Emanuel – 1/2-1/2 – Yates, Frederic D – G2 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 d6 7. Bxc6+ bxc6 8. d4 exd4 9. Nxd4 Bd7 10. Nc3 O-O
1927 Homburg – Round ? – Yates, Frederic D – 0-1 – Bogoljubow, Efim – G11 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O d6 6. Re1 Be7 7. Bxc6+ bxc6 8. d4 exd4 9. Nxd4 Bd7 10. Nc3 O-O
1927 London Olympiad 1st – Round 6.12 – Muffang, Andre – 1/2-1/2 – Yates, Frederic D – G57 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 d6 7. Bxc6+ bxc6 8. d4 exd4 9. Nxd4 Bd7 10. Nc3 O-O
1937 Stockholm SWE – Round 9 – Trifunovic, Petar – 1-0 – Soerensen, Ernst – G45 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 d6 7. Bxc6+ bxc6 8. d4 exd4 9. Nxd4 Bd7 10. Nc3 O-O
1940 Moskou ch-URS – Round 1 – Ragozin, Viacheslav – 1/2-1/2 – Petrov, Vladimirs – G99 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 d6 7. Bxc6+ bxc6 8. d4 exd4 9. Nxd4 Bd7 10. Qf3 O-O
1940 URS-ch12 – Round ? – Ragozin, Viacheslav – 1/2-1/2 – Petrov, Vladimir S. – G27 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 d6 7. Bxc6+ bxc6 8. d4 exd4 9. Nxd4 Bd7 10. Qf3 O-O
1962 URS Team Ch – Round 1 – Keres, Paul Petrovich – 1/2-1/2 – Spassky, Boris Vasily – G99 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 d6 7. Bxc6+ bxc6 8. d4 exd4 9. Nxd4 Bd7 10. Nc3 O-O
1963 Sochi – Round 1 – Ciocaltea, Victor – 1/2-1/2 – Kholmov, Ratmir D – G11 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 d6 7. Bxc6+ bxc6 8. d4 exd4 9. Nxd4 Bd7 10. c4 O-O
1966 Moscow – Round 1 – Boleslavsky, Isaac – 1/2-1/2 – Shamkovich, L. – G17 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 d6 7. Bxc6+ bxc6 8. d4 exd4 9. Nxd4 Bd7 10. Nc3 O-O
1966 Moscow Training – Round 9 – Boleslavsky, Isaac – 0-1 – Shamkovich, Leonid – G20 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 d6 7. Bxc6+ bxc6 8. d4 exd4 9. Nxd4 Bd7 10. Nc3 O-O
1966 Palma de Mallorca – Round 10 – Matanovic, Aleksandar – 1/2-1/2 – Shamkovich, Leonid – G61 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 d6 7. Bxc6+ bxc6 8. d4 exd4 9. Nxd4 Bd7 10. Nc3 O-O
1966 URS Team Ch – Round ? – Gaprindashvili, Nona – 1/2-1/2 – Kushnir, Alla – G126 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 d6 7. Bxc6+ bxc6 8. d4 exd4 9. Nxd4 Bg4 10. Qd3 Qd7
1968 WchT U26 15. qual-B – Round 5.1 – Holaszek, Hans – 1/2-1/2 – Pritchett, Craig W – G11 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 d6 7. Bxc6+ bxc6 8. d4 exd4 9. Nxd4 Bd7 10. Nc3 O-O
1969 Sweden – Round 1 – Kinnmark, Ove – 1/2-1/2 – Nilsson, Zandor – G48 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 d6 7. Bxc6+ bxc6 8. d4 exd4 9. Nxd4 Bd7 10. Qf3 c5
Corsica Masters KO 2005 – Round 2.2 – Fressinet, Laurent – 0-1 – Adams, Michael – G30 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 d6 7. Bxc6+ bxc6 8. d4 exd4 9. Nxd4 Bd7 10. Nc3 O-O
Corus A 2007 – Round 4 – Motylev, Alexander – 1/2-1/2 – Aronian, Levon – G26 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 d6 7. Bxc6+ bxc6 8. d4 exd4 9. Nxd4 Bd7 10. Nc3 O-O
Moscow 1975 – Round 1 – Spassky, Boris V. – 1/2-1/2 – Kholmov, Ratmir D – G41 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 d6 7. Bxc6+ bxc6 8. d4 exd4 9. Nxd4 Bd7 10. Qf3 O-O
Torneo Magistral 6th 1997 – Round 2 – Topalov, Veselin – 1-0 – Short, Nigel D – G10 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 d6 7. Bxc6+ bxc6 8. d4 exd4 9. Nxd4 Bd7 10. Nc3 O-O
USA Ch 2022 – Round 4.6 – Sevian, Samuel – 1/2-1/2 – Liang, Awonder – G26 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nf6 4. d3 d6 5. O-O a6 6. Bxc6+ bxc6 7. d4 Be7 8. Re1 exd4 9. Nxd4 Bd7 10. c4 O-O
Yerevan ol (Men) 1996 – Round 10 – Leko, Peter – 1/2-1/2 – Christiansen , Luis – G149 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 d6 7. Bxc6+ bxc6 8. d4 exd4 9. Nxd4 Bd7 10. Nc3 O-O

C87d — Closed Averbakh

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.O-O Be7 6.Re1 d6 7.Bxc6+ bxc6 8.d4 exd4 9.Nxd4

Eval: [+0.35]

Les coups candidats

9…Bd7 — 93.2% (329 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Romanishin, Oleg M (15x), Sokolov, Ivan (8x), Kholmov, Ratmir D (7x), Yates, Frederic D (4x), Lasker, Emanuel (4x), Petrosian, Arshak B (4x), Giorgadze, Gabriel (3x), Luther, Thomas (3x)

9…Bb7 — 3.7% (13 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Bobras, Piotr (1x), Polkowski, Piotr (1x), Brady, Wallace (1x), Rekhsan Vlad (1x), Short, Nigel D (1x), Van Riemsdijk, Marius (1x), Siero, Paul (1x), Keizers, Paul (1x)

9…c5 — 2.0% (7 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Nielsen, Gunnar (1x), Hulgaard, Herluf (1x), Gupta Aditya Raj (1x), Zhamsaran (1x), Gudmundsson, Kristjan (1x), Lauri, Joseph (1x), Marez, Sébastien (1x), Jiménez de Velasco Mazarío, Juan Ignacio (1x)

9…Bg4 — 0.8% (3 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Gaprindashvili, Nona (1x), Kushnir, Alla (1x), Kononenko, Dmitry (1x), Sitnikov, Aleksey S. (1x), Richter, Wolfgang (1x), Van Damme, Liban (1x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	9…Bd7	9…Bb7	9…c5	9…Bg4
<1800	6	83%	17%	—	—
1800-2200	56	88%	11%	2%	—
2200-2600	174	97%	2%	1%	1%
2600+	38	100%	—	—	—

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	9…Bd7	9…Bb7	9…c5	9…Bg4
1900s	8	100%	—	—	—
1910s	2	100%	—	—	—
1920s	6	100%	—	—	—
1930s	3	100%	—	—	—
1940s	4	100%	—	—	—
1950s	2	—	—	100%	—
1960s	16	94%	—	—	6%
1970s	17	94%	—	6%	—
1980s	17	94%	—	—	—
1990s	35	94%	6%	—	—
2000s	108	94%	5%	1%	1%
2010s	103	93%	4%	2%	1%
2020s	32	91%	6%	3%	—

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
9…Bd7	93%	91%	▼ -2.6%
9…Bb7	4%	6%	▲ +2.4%
9…c5	2%	3%	▲ +1.2%
9…Bg4	1%	0%	▼ -1.0%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Lasker, Emanuel — 4 parties
Tal, Mikhail — 2 parties
Euwe, Max — 1 partie
Anand, Viswanathan — 1 partie

Parties historiques

9…Bd7 — 93.2% (329 parties)

1901 — Te Kolste, Jan Willem vs Exner Victor — 0-1 — Haarlem NED
1901 — Te Kolste, Jan Willem vs Meiners, W B H — 0-1 — Haarlem NED
1903 — Marchand, Max vs Schelfhout, Willem — 0-1 — Monte Carlo MNC
1905 — Schories, Georg vs Blejkmans D — 1-0 — Scheveningen NED
1907 — Jacob Francis vs Billecard, Moritz — 1-0 — Ostende II

9…Bb7 — 3.7% (13 parties)

1997 — Bobras, Piotr vs Polkowski, Piotr — 1-0 — Augustow
1999 — Brady, Wallace vs Rekhsan Vlad — 1/2-1/2 — ?
2000 — Hadraba, Vladimir vs Ziabari, Morteza — 1-0 — Plzen CZE
2001 — Short, Nigel D vs Van Riemsdijk, Marius — 1-0 — Sao Paulo BRA
2004 — Siero, Paul vs Keizers, Paul — 1/2-1/2 — Haarlem NED

9…c5 — 2.0% (7 parties)

1956 — Nielsen, Gunnar vs Hulgaard, Herluf — 1-0 — Denmark ch corr
1956 — Gupta Aditya Raj vs Zhamsaran — 1-0 — Moskou olm
1973 — Gudmundsson, Kristjan vs Lauri, Joseph — 1-0 — Teesside ENG
2007 — Marez, Sébastien vs Jiménez de Velasco Mazarío, Juan Ignacio — 1-0 — ICCF
2014 — Groot, Peter J A vs Dahmen, Manuel — 1-0 — ICCF

9…Bg4 — 0.8% (3 parties)

1966 — Gaprindashvili, Nona vs Kushnir, Alla — 1/2-1/2 — Moscow RUS
2008 — Kononenko, Dmitry vs Sitnikov, Aleksey S. — 1-0 — Poltava UKR
2016 — Richter, Wolfgang vs Van Damme, Liban — 1/2-1/2 — ICCF

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