C82k — Spanish: Open, St. Petersburg Variation

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.O-O Nxe4 6.d4 b5 7.Bb3 d5 8.dxe5 Be6 9.c3 Bc5 10.Nbd2 O-O * ○ Trait aux Blancs

Ouverture — Centre semi-ouvert

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

abcdefgh

Plan principal. Jeu au centre (rupture c3-c4).

Atouts. Les Blancs s'appuient sur un fou actif en b3, la paire de fous et la colonne semi-ouverte d.

En contrepartie. Plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le fou c1 et la tour a1).

Plans. h3 (Empêcher ...Bg4) ; Bc2 (Anticiper ...Na5).

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

hgfedcba

Plan principal. Exploiter la case forte g5.

Atouts. Les Noirs s'appuient sur la case forte g5, des fous actifs en c5 et e6, la paire de fous et la colonne semi-ouverte e.

Côté adverse. Le fou enfermé en c1.

Plans. ...Na5 (Attaquer Bb3) ; ...Bg4 (Clouer Nf3) ; ...d4 (Rupture) ; ...f6 (Rupture) ; ...f5 (Rupture).

Avantages

Faiblesses adverses

Diagonale active

Plans

Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	—
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	● b2→c3	● a6→b5
Passés	—	—
Majorité	—	—

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	—	● g5 (2v1)
Cases faibles	● f2, ● c4	—
Centre	—	● d5 (2v1)

Colonnes et diagonales

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Semi-ouvertes	● d	● e

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bc1	● Bc1 Non développé (mob. 0)
Bb3	● Bb3 Actif (mob. 4)
Bc5		● Bc5 Actif (mob. 9)
Be6		● Be6 Actif (mob. 5)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Clouages	● pawn f2	—
Non développées	2 (● c1, ● a1)	1 (● a8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Roqué	● Roqué
Droits de roque	—	—

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	semi-ouvert
Ruptures	● c3-c4	● …d5-d4, ● …f7-f6, ● …f7-f5

Partie
1905 It (Men) Stockholm SWE – Round 9 – Tartakower, Savielly – 0-1 – Marchand, Max – G31 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Nxe4 6. d4 b5 7. Bb3 d5 8. dxe5 Be6 9. c3 Bc5 10. Nbd2 O-O
1910 Buenos Aires sim – Round 1 – Acevedo Villegas, Abel Alfredo – 0-1 – Lasker, Emanuel – G1 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Nxe4 6. d4 b5 7. Bb3 d5 8. dxe5 Be6 9. c3 Bc5 10. Nbd2 O-O
1932 Hastings3233 – Round 1 – Jackson, Edward Mackenzie – 0-1 – Alexander, Conol Hugh – G4 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Nxe4 6. d4 b5 7. Bb3 d5 8. dxe5 Be6 9. c3 Bc5 10. Nbd2 O-O
1937 Kemeri – Round 7 – Book, Eero – 1-0 – Hasenfuss, Wolfgang – G125 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Nxe4 6. d4 b5 7. Bb3 d5 8. dxe5 Be6 9. c3 Bc5 10. Nbd2 O-O
1940 Copenhagen KS – Round 3 – Norman Hansen, Holger – 1-0 – Giersing, Johannes H – G4 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Nxe4 6. d4 b5 7. Bb3 d5 8. dxe5 Be6 9. c3 Bc5 10. Nbd2 O-O
1941 Leningrad/Moscow – Round 4 – Boleslavsky, Isaac – 1/2-1/2 – Botvinnik, Mikhail – G33 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Nxe4 6. d4 b5 7. Bb3 d5 8. dxe5 Be6 9. c3 Bc5 10. Nbd2 O-O
1942 Sverdlovsk – Round 1 – Boleslavsky, Isaac – 0-1 – Sokolsky, Boris – G9 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Nxe4 6. d4 b5 7. Bb3 d5 8. dxe5 Be6 9. c3 Bc5 10. Nbd2 O-O
1942 Sverdlovsk – Round 11 – Boleslavsky, Isaac – 0-1 – Sokolsky, Alexey – G56 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Nxe4 6. d4 b5 7. Bb3 d5 8. dxe5 Be6 9. c3 Bc5 10. Nbd2 O-O
1943 BRA Ch m – Round 10 – De Souza Mendes, Joao – 1/2-1/2 – Charlier, Antoine – G10 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Nxe4 6. d4 b5 7. Bb3 d5 8. dxe5 Be6 9. c3 Bc5 10. Nbd2 O-O
1944 URS Ch sf – Round 5 – Averbakh, Yuri L – 1/2-1/2 – Flohr, Salo – G4 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Nxe4 6. d4 b5 7. Bb3 d5 8. dxe5 Be6 9. c3 Bc5 10. Nbd2 O-O
1945 Pan American – Round ? – Horowitz, Albert Israel – 1/2-1/2 – Pilnik, Herman – G64 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Nxe4 6. d4 b5 7. Bb3 d5 8. dxe5 Be6 9. c3 Bc5 10. Nbd2 O-O
1946 JUG Ch – Round 3 – Gligorić, Svetozar – 1/2-1/2 – Trifunovic, Petar – G9 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Nxe4 6. d4 b5 7. Bb3 d5 8. dxe5 Be6 9. c3 Bc5 10. Nbd2 O-O
1946 Zaanstreek – Round 10 – Christoffel, Martin – 0-1 – Szabo, Ladislav – G47 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Nxe4 6. d4 b5 7. Bb3 d5 8. dxe5 Be6 9. c3 Bc5 10. Nbd2 O-O
1947 Schlechter Memorial – Round 5 – Galia, Karl – 0-1 – Grob, Henry – G18 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Nxe4 6. d4 b5 7. Bb3 d5 8. dxe5 Be6 9. c3 Bc5 10. Nbd2 O-O
1947 Schlechter Memorial – Round 6 – Stoeckl, Andreas – 1/2-1/2 – Grob, Henry – G22 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Nxe4 6. d4 b5 7. Bb3 d5 8. dxe5 Be6 9. c3 Bc5 10. Nbd2 O-O
1952 Miedzyzdroje – Round 14 – Bobotsov, Milko G – 1-0 – Sliwa, Bogdan – G90 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Nxe4 6. d4 b5 7. Bb3 d5 8. dxe5 Be6 9. c3 Bc5 10. Nbd2 O-O
1952 POL-ch10 – Round 11 – Tarnowski, Alfred – 1/2-1/2 – Szukszta, Janus – G81 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Nxe4 6. d4 b5 7. Bb3 d5 8. dxe5 Be6 9. c3 Bc5 10. Nbd2 O-O
1957 URS Ch, semi final – Round 8 – Nikolaevsky, Yuri V – 0-1 – Shiyanovsky, Vladislav Ivanovich – G78 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Nxe4 6. d4 b5 7. Bb3 d5 8. dxe5 Be6 9. c3 Bc5 10. Nbd2 O-O
1961 Baku ch-URS – Round 1 – Vasiukov, Evgeni – 1/2-1/2 – Khasin, Abram – G15 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Nxe4 6. d4 b5 7. Bb3 d5 8. dxe5 Be6 9. c3 Bc5 10. Nbd2 O-O
1964 Pecs – Round 7 – Damjanovic, Mato – 0-1 – Honfi, Karoly – G43 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Nxe4 6. d4 b5 7. Bb3 d5 8. dxe5 Be6 9. c3 Bc5 10. Nbd2 O-O
1965 Copenhagen – Round 2 – Janosevic, Dragoljub – 0-1 – Honfi, K. – G34 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Nxe4 6. d4 b5 7. Bb3 d5 8. dxe5 Be6 9. c3 Bc5 10. Nbd2 O-O
1965 It Zinnowitz GER – Round 1 – Simagin, Vladimir – 1/2-1/2 – Haag, Ervin – G3 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Nxe4 6. d4 b5 7. Bb3 d5 8. dxe5 Be6 9. c3 Bc5 10. Nbd2 O-O
1967 FRA Ch Dieppe FRA – Round 2 – Casa, Alex – 1/2-1/2 – Caminade, Christian – G7 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Nxe4 6. d4 b5 7. Bb3 d5 8. dxe5 Be6 9. c3 Bc5 10. Nbd2 O-O
Moscow 1971 – Round ? – Karpov, Anatoly – 1-0 – Savon, Vladimir Andreevichndreevich – G53 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Nxe4 6. d4 b5 7. Bb3 d5 8. dxe5 Be6 9. c3 Bc5 10. Nbd2 O-O

C82k — Open St. Petersburg Variation

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.O-O Nxe4 6.d4 b5 7.Bb3 d5 8.dxe5 Be6 9.c3 Bc5 10.Nbd2 O-O

Eval: [+0.33]

Les coups candidats

11.Bc2 — 88.3% (2769 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Pott, Brian (30x), Lombart, Philippe (30x), Herzog, Klaus (29x), Wiesinger, Johann (16x), Jussupow, Artur (13x), Timman, Jan H (13x), ? (13x), Estrin, Yakov (12x)

11.Qe2 — 9.3% (292 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Lombart, Philippe (5x), Boleslavsky, Isaac (4x), Lasker, Emanuel (3x), Farkas, Gabor Akos (3x), Botvinnik, Mikhail (2x), Miliani, Luigi (2x), Englund, Fritz (2x), Grob, Henry (2x)

11.Nxe4 — 1.7% (52 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Vargas Drechsler, Carlos (3x), De Souza Mendes, Joao (1x), Charlier, Antoine (1x), Green, Ewen M (1x), Smellie, Gabriel (1x), Ibrahimoglu, Ismet (1x), Cassidy, Paul L. (1x), Stanojoski, Zvonko (1x)

11.a4 — 0.4% (12 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Book, Eero (2x), Hasenfuss, Wolfgang (1x), Hassenfuss (1x), Kuttis, N. (1x), Anderson, Frank Ross (1x), Malfagia, Andrea (1x), Dusi, Valerio (1x), Sabol, Marian (1x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	11.Bc2	11.Qe2	11.Nxe4	11.a4
<1800	72	82%	7%	10%	—
1800-2200	886	84%	13%	3%	0%
2200-2600	854	91%	8%	1%	0%
2600+	75	97%	3%	—	—

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	11.Bc2	11.Qe2	11.Nxe4	11.a4
1880s	4	100%	—	—	—
1890s	17	100%	—	—	—
1900s	29	83%	17%	—	—
1910s	25	80%	12%	4%	—
1920s	17	88%	12%	—	—
1930s	7	43%	29%	—	29%
1940s	85	80%	19%	1%	—
1950s	72	83%	15%	—	1%
1960s	113	87%	12%	1%	—
1970s	213	90%	9%	0%	—
1980s	417	96%	4%	0%	0%
1990s	643	91%	7%	2%	0%
2000s	636	87%	9%	3%	0%
2010s	556	81%	15%	3%	0%
2020s	303	92%	6%	2%	0%

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
11.Bc2	81%	92%	▲ +11.1%
11.Qe2	15%	6%	▼ -9.7%
11.Nxe4	3%	2%	▼ -1.0%
11.a4	0%	0%	-0.0%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Karpov, Anatoly — 10 parties
Lasker, Emanuel — 6 parties
Botvinnik, Mikhail — 5 parties
Euwe, Max — 5 parties
Tal, Mikhail — 4 parties
Smyslov, Vladimir — 2 parties
Anand, Viswanathan — 1 partie
Carlsen, Magnus — 1 partie
Hou, Yifan — 1 partie

Parties historiques

11.Bc2 — 88.3% (2769 parties)

1882 — Fleissig, Bernhard vs MacKenzie, George H — 0-1 — Vienna AUT
1887 — McKenzie, George vs White, Max — 1/2-1/2 — Frankfurt GER
1887 — Tarrasch, Siegbert vs White, Max — 0-1 — 5th DSB Congress
1889 — White, Max vs Gossip, George — 1-0 — New York, NY USA
1893 — Tarrasch, Siegbert vs Chigorin, Mikhail — 1-0 — St Petersburg RUS

11.Qe2 — 9.3% (292 parties)

1902 — Lovegrove, WR. vs Lasker, Emanuel — 1-0 — San Francisco, CA USA
1902 — Lovegrove Walter vs Lasker, Emanuel — 1-0 — ?
1905 — Tartakower, Savielly vs Marchand, Max — 0-1 — Ostende
1905 — Englund, Fritz vs Lowy, Leopold — 0-1 — Barmen GER
1905 — Pettersson, AH. vs Englund, Fritz — 1-0 — Stockholm SWE

11.Nxe4 — 1.7% (52 parties)

1914 — Green, Ewen M vs Smellie, Gabriel — 0-1 — cr.
1943 — De Souza Mendes, Joao vs Charlier, Antoine — 1/2-1/2 — Brazil
1966 — Ibrahimoglu, Ismet vs Cassidy, Paul L. — 1/2-1/2 — Havana CUB
1979 — Li, Zunian vs Liu, Dachang — 0-1 — Beijing CHN
1989 — Stanojoski, Zvonko vs Ignjatovic, Predrag — 0-1 — Sokobanja

11.a4 — 0.4% (12 parties)

1937 — Book, Eero vs Hasenfuss, Wolfgang — 1-0 — Kemeri LAT
1937 — Book, Eero vs Hassenfuss — 1-0 — Kemeri LAT
1957 — Kuttis, N. vs Anderson, Frank Ross — 1/2-1/2 — Toronto CAN
1989 — Malfagia, Andrea vs Dusi, Valerio — 1-0 — Arco di Trento
1996 — Sabol, Marian vs Kozak, Milos — 0-1 — Czechia

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