Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	—
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	—	—
Passés	—	—
Majorité	—	—

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	—	—
Cases faibles	—	—
Centre	● d5 (1v0), ● e5 (1v0)	—

Colonnes et diagonales

♔ Blancs

♚ Noirs

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bc1	● Bc1 Non développé (mob. 0)
Bb5	● Bb5 Actif (mob. 8)
Bc8		● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 0)
Bf8		● Bf8 Non développé (mob. 5)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Clouages	—	● pawn d7
Non développées	4 (● b1, ● c1, ● a1, ● h1)	5 (● g8, ● c8, ● f8, ● a8, ● h8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Au centre	● Au centre
Droits de roque	O-O / O-O-O	O-O / O-O-O

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	fermé
Ruptures	—	● …d7-d5, ● …f7-f5

C61a — Spanish: Bird’s Defence

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Nd4 * ○ Trait aux Blancs

Ouverture — Centre fermé

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

abcdefgh

Plans. Nxd4 (Cavalier centralisé en d4 — 86 % des parties) ; Bc4 (Fou actif (mobilité 9) — 9 % des parties).

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

hgfedcba

Plans. ...Bc5 (Fou actif (mobilité 6), Développer f8 — 5 % des parties) ; ...Nxf3+ (Capture en f3 — 5 % des parties).

Avantages

Faiblesses

Diagonale active

Plans

Partie
1913 It (Men) Scheveningen NED – Round 1 – Olland, Adolf George – 0-1 – Alekhine, Alexander – G5 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nd4 4. Be2 Nxe2 5. Qxe2 d6 6. c3 c6 7. d4 Qc7 8. Be3 Nf6 9. Nbd2 Be7 10. h3 b6
1914 St Petersburg – Round 9 – Gregory, Bernhard – 0-1 – Znosko-Borovsky, Eugene – G26 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nd4 4. Ba4 Nxf3+ 5. Qxf3 c6 6. Qg3 d6 7. d3 g6 8. f4 Bg7 9. O-O f5 10. Bb3 Ne7
1920 Kristiania sim – Round ? – Olafsen, Th – 1-0 – Réti, Richard – G10 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nd4 4. Ba4 Bc5 5. c3 Nxf3+ 6. Qxf3 Ne7 7. d3 O-O 8. Bg5 f6 9. Be3 d6 10. d4 Bb6
1943 Zlin – Round 9 – Pachman, Ludek – 1-0 – Pokorny, Amos – G58 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nd4 4. Ba4 Bc5 5. O-O c6 6. c3 Nxf3+ 7. Qxf3 Qf6 8. Qe2 d6 9. d3 Ne7 10. Be3 Ng6
1947 Mar del Plata – Round 1 – Bolbochan, J. – 1-0 – Sanguinetti, Ricardo – G12 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nd4 4. Ba4 Bc5 5. d3 Nxf3+ 6. Qxf3 Qf6 7. Nc3 c6 8. Qg3 Ne7 9. O-O h6 10. Be3 d6
1947 Moscow Ch – Round 1 – Panov, Vasily – 1/2-1/2 – Ragozin, Viacheslav – G24 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nd4 4. Ba4 Bc5 5. O-O Nxf3+ 6. Qxf3 Ne7 7. c3 O-O 8. Qd1 Nc6 9. b4 Bb6 10. d4 Nxd4
1948 South Fallsburg ch-USA – Round 1 – Suraci, A. – 0-1 – Steiner, Heinrich Jun. – G85 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nd4 4. Ba4 b5 5. Nxd4 bxa4 6. Nf3 d6 7. d4 f6 8. c3 Bd7 9. Be3 Ne7 10. c4 Qb8
1952 Hollywood – Round 1 – Arranz Martin, Rafael – 0-1 – Steiner, Heinrich Jun. – G27 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nd4 4. Ba4 Nxf3+ 5. Qxf3 Nf6 6. O-O c6 7. Qg3 d6 8. d3 Be6 9. c4 h6 10. Nc3 g5
1957 Warchau ch POL – Round 13 – Dworzynski, Roman – 1-0 – Matkowski, Wiktor – G68 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nd4 4. Ba4 Nxf3+ 5. Qxf3 Qf6 6. Qg3 h5 7. d4 exd4 8. Qxc7 Bd6 9. Qc4 Qe5 10. Nd2 Nf6
1966 ARMIES-ch3 Prague CZE – Round 6 – Pribyl, Josef – 1-0 – Ozsvath, Andras – G7 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nd4 4. Nc3 g6 5. O-O Bg7 6. Nxd4 exd4 7. Ne2 Ne7 8. c3 a6 9. Ba4 b5 10. Bb3 c5
1967 URS Team Ch – Round 1 – Zatulovskaya, Tatiana – 1-0 – Rozlapa, Vija – G116 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nd4 4. Ba4 Nxf3+ 5. Qxf3 Qf6 6. Qg3 Bc5 7. d3 Ne7 8. Nc3 c6 9. Be3 Bxe3 10. fxe3 Ng6

C61a — Bird Variation (1913)

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Nd4

Les coups candidats

4.Nxd4 — 85.7% (5621 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Jirka, Jiri (101x), Vera-Cruz Jr, Aguinaldo (42x), Kupreichik, Viktor D (23x), Malaniuk, Vladimir P (20x), Martynov, Pavel (18x), Burakovsky, Marat (17x), Najer, Evgeniy (17x), Zalys, Ignas (16x)

4.Bc4 — 9.4% (619 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Kelemen, Gyorgy (3x), Vrana, Frantisek (3x), Griffiths, Peter C (2x), Kapengut, Albert (2x), Kupreichik, Viktor D (2x), Malaniuk, Vladimir P (2x), Lostuzzi, Manlio (2x), Barlocco, Carlo (2x)

4.Ba4 — 3.2% (213 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Hector, Jonny (4x), Barbu, George-Viorel (4x), Schuetz, Peter (4x), Weber, Gerhard (3x), Jirka, Jiri (3x), Shishov, Mikhail (2x), Georgiev, Kaloyan (2x), Povah, Nigel E (2x)

4.Nc3 — 0.8% (54 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Burstow, John (1x), Bojkovic, Slobodan (1x), Pribyl, Josef (1x), Ozsvath, Andras (1x), Bass, Samuel (1x), Trottier, Leo (1x), Pontoni, M. (1x), Burg, Denis (1x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	4.Nxd4	4.Bc4	4.Ba4	4.Nc3
<1800	710	84%	10%	4%	1%
1800-2200	2267	86%	10%	3%	0%
2200-2600	1552	90%	7%	3%	0%
2600+	34	100%	—	—	—

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	4.Nxd4	4.Bc4	4.Ba4	4.Nc3
1950s	117	88%	8%	4%	—
1960s	160	87%	11%	1%	1%
1970s	199	85%	10%	4%	1%
1980s	579	86%	8%	5%	—
1990s	1396	85%	10%	4%	1%
2000s	1966	84%	10%	4%	1%
2010s	1867	87%	9%	2%	1%
2020s	278	89%	7%	1%	1%

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
4.Nxd4	87%	89%	▲ +1.7%
4.Bc4	9%	7%	▼ -1.8%
4.Ba4	2%	1%	▼ -1.5%
4.Nc3	1%	1%	▲ +0.7%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Anand, Viswanathan — 7 parties
Kasparov, Garry — 5 parties
Karpov, Anatoly — 4 parties
Hou, Yifan — 2 parties
Tal, Mikhail — 1 partie
Carlsen, Magnus — 1 partie

Parties historiques

4.Nxd4 — 85.7% (5621 parties)

1950 — Gereben, Erno vs Koberl, Ferenc — 1-0 — Budapest HUN
1950 — Tarnowski, Alfred vs Koberl, Ferenc — 1/2-1/2 — Schiavno Zdroj
1950 — Koupil, Adam vs Svetlik, Milan — 0-1 — Chocen
1950 — Mora, Maria Teresa vs Rubtsova, Olga — 0-1 — Moscow RUS
1950 — Seiffert, Robert vs Richter, Kurt — 0-1 — Berlin GER

4.Bc4 — 9.4% (619 parties)

1950 — Pechan, Z. vs Vesely, Jiri — 0-1 — Chocen
1952 — Bobekov, Radko vs Tsvetkov, Alexandar K — 1/2-1/2 — Sofia BUL
1952 — Terpugov, Evgeny vs Fridstein, German — 1-0 — Riga LAT
1953 — Leepin, Peter vs Marmoud, Edmond — 1-0 — Lucerne SUI
1954 — Cross, Robert Gary vs Matzner, Stephen — 1-0 — Hollywood, CA

4.Ba4 — 3.2% (213 parties)

1951 — von Saldern, Ruediger vs Richter Becerra, Hans — 1-0 — Leipzig GER
1952 — Martin Rengel, Jose Maria vs Steiner, Herman — 0-1 — Hollywood
1955 — Shishov, Mikhail vs Goldberg, Grigory A — 0-1 — Moscow RUS
1955 — Shishov, Mikhail vs Goldberg, Grigory — 0-1 — USSR
1957 — Dworzynski, Roman vs Matkowski, Wiktor — 1-0 — Warchau ch POL

4.Nc3 — 0.8% (54 parties)

1963 — Burstow, John vs Bojkovic, Slobodan — 0-1 — Vrnjacka Banja SRB
1966 — Pribyl, Josef vs Ozsvath, Andras — 1-0 — ARMIES-ch3 Prague CZE
1972 — Bass, Samuel vs Trottier, Leo — 0-1 — ?
1991 — Christoffersson, Lars vs Ottosson, Bjorn — 1-0 — Vaxjo
1992 — Sableviciene, Sarune vs Kaula, Iwona — 0-1 — Rimavska Sobota SVK