Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	—
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	—	—
Passés	—	—
Majorité	—	—

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	● d5 (2v1)	● b4 (2v0), ● d4 (2v1)
Cases faibles	—	—
Centre	● d5 (2v1)	● d4 (2v1), ● e4 (1v0)

Colonnes et diagonales

♔ Blancs

♚ Noirs

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bc1	● Bc1 Non développé (mob. 0)
Bc4	● Bc4 Actif (mob. 9)
Bc8		● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 0)
Bf8		● Bf8 Non développé (mob. 5)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Non développées	4 (● b1, ● c1, ● a1, ● h1)	4 (● c8, ● f8, ● a8, ● h8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Au centre	● Au centre
Droits de roque	O-O / O-O-O	O-O / O-O-O

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	fermé
Ruptures	● d2-d4	● …d7-d5

C55a — Two Knights Defence

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6 ○ Trait aux Blancs

Ouverture — Centre fermé

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

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Plans. d3 (Solidifier le centre — 49 % des parties) ; Ng5 (27 % des parties) ; d4 (Occuper le centre — 11 % des parties) ; Nc3 (Développer b1 — 8 % des parties).

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

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Plans. ...Bc5 (Fou actif (mobilité 9), Développer f8 — 28 % des parties) ; ...d5 (Occuper le centre — 25 % des parties) ; ...Be7 (Fou actif (mobilité 5), Développer f8 — 20 % des parties) ; ...h6 (7 % des parties).

Avantages

Faiblesses

Diagonale active

Plans

Partie
1904 DSB-14.Kongress – Round 13 – Fleischmann, Leo – 1/2-1/2 – John, Walter – G62 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. O-O Be7 5. d4 d6 6. dxe5 dxe5 7. Qe2 Bg4 8. c3 Qd7 9. Rd1 Bxf3 10. Qxf3 Qg4
1904 It (Men) Monte Carlo MNC – Round 7 – Gunsberg, Isidor – 1/2-1/2 – Marshall Viele, Fabrizio Aaron – G18 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. O-O Nxe4 5. Re1 d5 6. Bb5 Bc5 7. d4 exd4 8. Nbd2 f5 9. Nb3 Bb4 10. Bd2 Bxd2
1905 St Petersburg – Round 1 – Salwe, Georg – 1-0 – Evtifeev, Peter Artemievich – G33 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. Qe2 Be7 5. d3 O-O 6. Nc3 d6 7. O-O Bg4 8. Be3 Nh5 9. h3 Nf4 10. Bxf4 Nd4
1914 Vienna – Round 1 – Agnivesh Albin – 0-1 – Schlechter, Carl – G9 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. Qe2 Bc5 5. Bxf7+ Kxf7 6. Qc4+ d5 7. Qxc5 Nxe4 8. Qe3 Re8 9. O-O Kg8 10. c4 Nf6
1920 Amsterdam – Round 1 – De Meyer, Alexander – 0-1 – Euwe, Max – G7 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. O-O Nxe4 5. d4 d5 6. Bb3 exd4 7. Nxd4 Bc5 8. Be3 O-O 9. Nxc6 bxc6 10. Bxc5 Nxc5
1931 Prague CSR – Round 9 – Apscheneek, Fricis – 1-0 – Golmayo de la Torriente, Manuel – G26 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. O-O Be7 5. d4 Nxe4 6. dxe5 O-O 7. Qd5 Nc5 8. Be3 Ne6 9. Nc3 d6 10. exd6 Qxd6
1939 Buenos Aires ol prel-B – Round 3 – Apscheneek, Fricis – 1-0 – Neikirkh, Oleg – G13 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. O-O Nxe4 5. d4 Nf6 6. Nxe5 Nxe5 7. Re1 d5 8. Rxe5+ Be6 9. Bb3 Bd6 10. Re1 c6
1940 Ventnor City – Round 1 – Mccormick Sanchez, Elliot Gael – 0-1 – Santasiere, Anthony – G4 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. O-O Nxe4 5. Nc3 Nd6 6. Bd5 Be7 7. Bxc6 dxc6 8. Nxe5 O-O 9. Re1 Bf6 10. d3 Re8
1951 Marines Mem.Club,10 secm – Round ? – Koltanowski, George – 1-0 – Finnie, Ray – G31 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. O-O Be7 5. d4 d6 6. Nc3 O-O 7. h3 exd4 8. Nxd4 Nxd4 9. Qxd4 h6 10. Bf4 Bd7
1951 Marines Mem.Club,10 secm – Round ? – Koltanowski, George – 1-0 – Nichols, John – G28 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. O-O Be7 5. d4 d6 6. Nc3 Bg4 7. dxe5 Nxe5 8. Be2 O-O 9. Nxe5 Bxe2 10. Qxe2 dxe5
1952 Havana – Round 13 – Aguero Quesada, Gloriana – 1-0 – Prins, Lodewijk – G111 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. O-O d6 5. Ng5 d5 6. exd5 Na5 7. Bb5+ c6 8. dxc6 bxc6 9. Be2 h6 10. Nf3 e4
1953 Simul - Koltanowski – Round ? – Koltanowski, George – 1-0 – Rosenbach, Mrs – G10 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. O-O Nxe4 5. d4 d6 6. dxe5 dxe5 7. Qxd8+ Kxd8 8. Bd5 Nd6 9. Bxc6 e4 10. Bxe4 Nxe4
1954 Cal State Ch Closed – Round ? – Levin, Eugene – 1-0 – Martin, Raymond – G12 1. e4 e5 2. Bc4 Nf6 3. Nf3 Nc6 4. O-O Nxe4 5. Nc3 Nxc3 6. dxc3 Be7 7. Qd5 O-O 8. Nxe5 Nxe5 9. Qxe5 Bf6 10. Qh5 g6
1955 CAN Ch – Round 2 – Bohatirchuk, Fedor – 1/2-1/2 – Anderson, Frank Ross – G8 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. Qe2 Be7 5. d3 d6 6. c3 O-O 7. Nbd2 Nd7 8. b4 Bf6 9. Nf1 Nb6 10. Bb3 a5
1955 Wch U20 final-A – Round 7 – Hallstrom, Leo – 0-1 – Spassky, Boris Vasily – G30 1. e4 e5 2. Bc4 Nf6 3. Nf3 Nc6 4. O-O Nxe4 5. Nc3 Nf6 6. d4 e4 7. Ne5 d5 8. Bb5 Bd7 9. Bxc6 Bxc6 10. f3 Be7
1956 Harmonie CC Open – Round 1 – Tarvydas, Arnas – 0-1 – Anderson, Frank Ross – G1 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. O-O Nxe4 5. Re1 d5 6. Bb5 Bc5 7. d4 exd4 8. Nxd4 O-O 9. Be3 Nxd4 10. Bxd4 Bxd4
1956 Zittau-A 6th – Round 4 – Zinn, Lothar – 1-0 – Moehring, Guenther – G15 1. e4 e5 2. Bc4 Nf6 3. Nf3 Nc6 4. O-O Nxe4 5. Nc3 Nxc3 6. dxc3 f6 7. Nh4 g6 8. f4 f5 9. Nf3 Bc5+ 10. Kh1 e4
1960 Friendly – Round ? – Collins, Richard Arnold – 1-0 – Tendell, Chris – G37 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. O-O Nxe4 5. d4 Bd6 6. dxe5 Nxe5 7. Nxe5 Bxe5 8. Re1 Qh4 9. Rxe4 Qxe4 10. Na3 g6
1960 Leningrad tt – Round 1 – Zinn, Lothar – 0-1 – Momo, Suren – G10 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. O-O Be7 5. d4 d6 6. dxe5 Nxe5 7. Nxe5 dxe5 8. Qxd8+ Bxd8 9. Nc3 O-O 10. Be3 Be7
1960 S.F. Fairmont Hotel, bl – Round 13 – Koltanowski, George – 1-0 – Burns, Jamts Dr – G3 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. O-O d6 5. Ng5 Be7 6. Nxf7 Qd7 7. Nxh8 1-0
1960 S.F. Fairmont Hotel, bl – Round 14 – Koltanowski, George – 1-0 – Jones, Bobby L – G4 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. O-O d5 5. exd5 Nxd5 6. Re1 Bg4 7. d4 Bxf3 8. Qxf3 Nxd4 9. Rxe5+ Be7 10. Qxd5 Qxd5
1960 San Francisco – Round 1 – Koltanowski, George – 1-0 – Richardson, Keith B – G10 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. O-O Nxe4 5. d4 d5 6. Bb5 Bd7 7. Bxc6 bxc6 8. Nxe5 f6 9. Qh5+ Ke7 10. Qf7+ Kd6
1960 Sao Paulo zt – Round 5 – Del Pozo, Nestor – 1/2-1/2 – Estrada Degrandi, Walter – G30 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. Qe2 Be7 5. c3 O-O 6. O-O d6 7. h3 Be6 8. Bb5 Nb8 9. d4 c6 10. Ba4 Qc7
1960 Varna – Round 2 – Zinn, Lothar – 1/2-1/2 – Trifunovic, Petar – G3 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. O-O Nxe4 5. Nc3 Nxc3 6. dxc3 Be7 7. Qd5 O-O 8. Nxe5 Nxe5 9. Qxe5 Bf6 10. Qg3 d6
1962 Marianske Lazne – Round 3 – Muehlberg, Siegfried – 0-1 – Kluger, Gyula – G23 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. O-O Nxe4 5. Nc3 Nxc3 6. dxc3 f6 7. Re1 d6 8. Nh4 g6 9. f4 Qe7 10. Qd5 Bd7
1964 Tel Aviv olm fin-A – Round 12 – Witt, Leslie – 1/2-1/2 – Milev, Zdravko – G263 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. Qe2 Bc5 5. d3 d6 6. c3 Be6 7. Bb3 Qe7 8. Be3 Bb6 9. Nbd2 O-O 10. Bg5 h6
1966 Venice tt – Round 5 – Nestler, Vincenzo – 1-0 – Morel, Fernand – G36 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. Qe2 Be7 5. d3 O-O 6. Nc3 Nd4 7. Nxd4 exd4 8. Nd1 d5 9. exd5 Nxd5 10. O-O Be6
1968 DDR Ch 17th – Round 12 – Moehring, Guenther – 1/2-1/2 – Krug, Peter – G45 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. O-O Nxe4 5. Nc3 Nxc3 6. dxc3 Be7 7. Qd5 O-O 8. Nxe5 Nxe5 9. Qxe5 Bf6 10. Qh5 c6
1968 Lugano ol (Men) fin-C – Round 1 – Bakali, M. – 0-1 – Johannessen, Simon T – G14 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. O-O Be7 5. Nc3 d6 6. d4 Bg4 7. d5 Nd4 8. Be2 Nxe2+ 9. Qxe2 c6 10. h3 Bd7
World Blitz 2019 – Round 9.12 – Kobalia, Mikhail – 0-1 – Ponkratov, Pavel – G594 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. O-O Nxe4 5. d4 d5 6. Bb5 exd4 7. Nxd4 Bd7 8. Bxc6 bxc6 9. f3 Nf6 10. Bg5 Be7

C55a — Two Knights Defense (1904)

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6

Les coups candidats

4.d3 — 49.1% (47329 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Wosch, Arkadiusz (134x), Hebden, Mark L (97x), Nevednichy, Vladislav (84x), Niemann, Hans Moke (70x), Caruana, Fabiano (67x), Chylik, Rudolf (65x), Firouzja, Alireza (58x), Bologan, Victor (56x)

4.Ng5 — 27.3% (26360 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Leisebein, Peter (108x), Chylik, Rudolf (96x), Malmstroem, Jan Hendrik (58x), Grott, Peter (46x), Estrin, Yakov (40x), Corbat, Philippe (39x), Doplmayr, Fritz (38x), Moody, David W (37x)

4.d4 — 11.4% (11035 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Hector, Jonny (36x), Fishler, Dov (35x), Okhotnik, Vladimir (27x), Kratochvíl, Jan (20x), Moody, David W (18x), Sorokin, Mikhail (17x), Sveshnikov, Evgeny (16x), Tzermiadianos, Andreas (15x)

4.Nc3 — 8.2% (7934 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Moody, David W (15x), Wall, Bill (13x), Benzen, Marthe (10x), Koehnke, Torben (9x), Karlsson, Roger (8x), Catayas, Rudlee (7x), Bulgarini Torre, Marco (7x), De Jong, Amanda (6x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	4.d3	4.Ng5	4.d4	4.Nc3
<1800	10891	41%	32%	9%	13%
1800-2200	33290	50%	28%	13%	5%
2200-2600	25037	70%	17%	10%	1%
2600+	1882	87%	10%	2%	0%

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	4.d3	4.Ng5	4.d4	4.Nc3
1950s	571	15%	45%	26%	6%
1960s	874	9%	46%	36%	4%
1970s	1278	11%	46%	33%	5%
1980s	3100	38%	32%	21%	5%
1990s	15037	36%	31%	16%	13%
2000s	26738	39%	33%	12%	12%
2010s	29408	54%	26%	10%	6%
2020s	19444	73%	15%	6%	3%

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
4.d3	54%	73%	▲ +19.2%
4.Ng5	26%	15%	▼ -10.7%
4.d4	10%	6%	▼ -3.5%
4.Nc3	6%	3%	▼ -3.0%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Tal, Mikhail — 10 parties
Kramnik, Vladimir — 10 parties
Anand, Viswanathan — 10 parties
Kasparov, Garry — 10 parties
Carlsen, Magnus — 10 parties
Hou, Yifan — 10 parties
Ding, Liren — 10 parties
Gukesh D — 10 parties
Ju, Wenjun — 10 parties
Karpov, Anatoly — 3 parties
Smyslov, Vladimir — 1 partie
Steinitz, Wilhelm — 1 partie
Fischer, Robert James — 1 partie

Parties historiques

4.d3 — 49.1% (47329 parties)

1950 — Otto, Arnold vs Stein, Georg — 1/2-1/2 — Soemmerda GER
1950 — Schmidt, Paul vs Heymann, Samuel — 1-0 — Bad Pyrmont GER
1950 — Busek, Hans vs Schmid, Lothar — 1/2-1/2 — Dubrovnik olm
1950 — Poirier, Imre vs Adams, Weaver — 0-1 — Berlin NH USA
1950 — Ruppe, Otto vs Elstner, Rudolf — 0-1 — Soemmerda GER

4.Ng5 — 27.3% (26360 parties)

1950 — Korchnoi, Viktor vs Cherepkov, Alexander V — 1-0 — Leningrad RUS
1950 — Oppenlander, Arne vs Larsen, Bent — 0-1 — Aalborg Exhibition
1950 — Paoli, Enrico vs Porreca, Giorgio — 1-0 — Venice ITA
1950 — Sopkov vs Novotelnov, Nikolai — 1/2-1/2 — Tartu
1950 — Eisinger, Max Jr vs Rellstab, Ludwig — 0-1 — FRG-ch Bad Pyrmont GER

4.d4 — 11.4% (11035 parties)

1950 — Koberl, Ferenc vs Foltys, Jan — 0-1 — Schiavno Zdroj
1950 — Wesingi, Uno vs Anderson, Frank Ross — 0-1 — Toronto CAN
1950 — Koska, Josef vs Florian, Tibor — 1-0 — Brno CZE
1950 — Honfi, Karoly vs Sebestyen, Balazs — 0-1 — Budapest HUN
1950 — Pogats, Jozsef Jr. vs Gawliczek, Andreas — 1-0 — Schiavno Zdroj

4.Nc3 — 8.2% (7934 parties)

1950 — Jerszewski, H. vs Richter, Kurt — 1/2-1/2 — Berlin GER
1950 — Rellstab, Ludwig vs Schmidt, Paul — 1-0 — Bad Pyrmont GER
1950 — Letz, Horst vs Vesely, Jiri — 0-1 — Chocen
1950 — Sahlmann, Walter vs Rellstab, Ludwig — 1/2-1/2 — Bad Pyrmont GER
1950 — Joynson, Herbert Francis vs Ko, Youjun David — 1-0 — Birmingham ENG

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