C49g — Four Knights: Symmetrical Variation

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bb5 Bb4 5.O-O O-O 6.d3 d6 * ○ Trait aux Blancs

Ouverture — Centre fermé

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

abcdefgh

Atouts. Les Blancs s'appuient sur les cases fortes c4, d5 et g5, un fou actif en b5 et la paire de fous.

Côté adverse. Le fou enfermé en c8 et un mauvais fou en b4.

En contrepartie. Plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le fou c1 et la tour a1).

Plans. Bg5 (Clouer Nf6) ; h3 (Empêcher ...Bg4) ; c3 (Préparer d4).

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

hgfedcba

Atouts. Les Noirs s'appuient sur les cases fortes d4, g4 et c5, un avant-poste en d4, un fou actif en b4 et la paire de fous.

Côté adverse. Le fou enfermé en c1 et un mauvais fou en b5.

En contrepartie. Plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le fou c8 et la tour a8).

Plans. ...Bg4 (Développer Bc8, clouer Nf3) ; ...d5 (Rupture).

Avantages

Faiblesses adverses

Diagonale active

Plans

Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	—
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	● c2→d3, d3→e4	● d6→e5, c7→d6
Passés	—	—
Majorité	—	—

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	● c4 (2v0), ● d5 (2v1), ● g5 (2v0)	● d4 (2v1), ● g4 (2v0), ● c5 (2v0)
Cases faibles	—	—
Centre	● d5 (2v1), ● e4 (2v1)	● d4 (2v1), ● e5 (2v1)

Colonnes et diagonales

♔ Blancs

♚ Noirs

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bc1	● Bc1 Non développé (mob. 5)
Bb5	● Bb5 Actif (mob. 4)
Bb4		● Bb4 Actif (mob. 4)
Bc8		● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 5)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Non développées	2 (c1, a1)	2 (c8, a8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Roqué	● Roqué
Droits de roque	—	—

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	fermé
Ruptures	● d3-d4	● …d6-d5

Partie
1900 Chicago blindfold sim – Round 2 – Pillsbury, Harry – 1/2-1/2 – Phillips Charles W – G2 1. e4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. O-O O-O 6. d3 d6 7. Bxc6 bxc6 8. Ne2 Bd7 9. c3 Ba5 10. Bg5 h6
1900 DSB-12.Kongress – Round 5 – Jacob, Franz – 1-0 – Von Bardeleben, Curt – G31 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. Nc3 Nc6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. O-O O-O 6. d3 d6 7. Bxc6 bxc6 8. Ne2 Nh5 9. c3 Bc5 10. d4 exd4
1900 London ENG – Round 9 – Lawrence, Thomas F – 1-0 – Loman, Rudolf – G15 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nf6 4. Nc3 Bb4 5. O-O O-O 6. d3 d6 7. Bxc6 bxc6 8. Ne2 Re8 9. Ng3 d5 10. Bg5 h6
1903 It – Round 11 – Duras, Oldrich – 1-0 – Heemskerk, Jan F – G8 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. O-O O-O 6. d3 d6 7. h3 Ne7 8. Bg5 Bxc3 9. bxc3 Ng6 10. Qd2 h6
1903 RUS-ch03 – Round 19 – Benko, P. – 0-1 – Salwe, Georg – G67 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. O-O O-O 6. d3 d6 7. Bxc6 bxc6 8. Bg5 h6 9. Bh4 g5 10. Nxg5 hxg5
1904 Cambridge Springs – Round 4 – Delmar, Eugene – 0-1 – Teichmann, Richard – G20 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. O-O O-O 6. d3 d6 7. Bxc6 bxc6 8. Ne2 Re8 9. c3 Bc5 10. Ng3 h6
1904 Cambridge Springs – Round 9 – Delmar, Eugene – 0-1 – D Marco, Gianni – G20 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. O-O O-O 6. d3 d6 7. Bxc6 bxc6 8. Ne2 Re8 9. c3 Bc5 10. b4 Bb6
1906 Ostend – Round ? – Maróczy, Géza – 1-0 – Janowski, Dawid – G36 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. O-O O-O 6. d3 d6 7. Bxc6 bxc6 8. Ne2 Bc5 9. Ng3 Bb6 10. h3 Ne8
1907 Copenhagen Nordic – Round ? – Leonhardt, Paul – 1/2-1/2 – Mueller, Juergen – G10 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. O-O O-O 6. d3 d6 7. Bxc6 bxc6 8. Bg5 Bg4 9. Qe2 h6 10. Bh4 g5
1907 Copenhagen Nordic – Round 1 – Maroczy, Geza – 1/2-1/2 – Schlechter, Carl – G1 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. Nc3 Nc6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. O-O O-O 6. d3 d6 7. Bxc6 Bxc3 8. Bxb7 Bxb2 9. Rb1 Bxb7 10. Rxb2 Bc6
1907 Ostende II – Round 24 – Perlis, Julius – 1/2-1/2 – Důras, Oldřich – G290 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. O-O O-O 6. d3 d6 7. Bxc6 bxc6 8. Ne2 Nh5 9. c3 Ba5 10. d4 Qe7
1907 Ostende II – Round 27 – Forgacs, Laszlo – 1/2-1/2 – Swiderski, Radoslaw – G324 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. O-O O-O 6. d3 d6 7. Bxc6 bxc6 8. Ne2 Bc5 9. Ng3 Re8 10. Be3 Bxe3
1908 Prague – Round 5 – Kvicala, Jan – 0-1 – Janowski, Dawid – G53 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. O-O O-O 6. d3 d6 7. Bxc6 bxc6 8. Ne2 Nh5 9. c3 Ba5 10. Ng3 Nxg3
1910 Berlijn m – Round ? – Von Bardeleben, Curt – 0-1 – Teichmann, Richard – G9 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. O-O O-O 6. d3 d6 7. Bxc6 bxc6 8. Ne2 Re8 9. Ng3 d5 10. Qe2 Bd6
1912 Temesvar – Round 10 – Breyer, Gyula – 1/2-1/2 – Réti, Richard – G3 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nf6 4. Nc3 Bb4 5. O-O O-O 6. d3 d6 7. Bxc6 bxc6 8. Ne2 Bg4 9. c3 Bc5 10. Bg5 h6
1916 New York Rice prel – Round 11 – Hodges, Albert – 1-0 – Chajes, Oscar – G28 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. O-O O-O 6. d3 d6 7. Bxc6 bxc6 8. Ne2 Qe7 9. c3 Ba5 10. Ng3 Bb6
1951 YUG Ch 6th – Round 8 – Milic, Borislav – 1/2-1/2 – Fuderer, Andrija – G45 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. O-O O-O 6. d3 d6 7. Bxc6 bxc6 8. Ne2 Nh5 9. Ng3 Nxg3 10. fxg3 Bc5+
1955 Clare Benedict Cup – Round 4.3 – Bhend, Edwin – 0-1 – Bouwmeester, Hans – G30 1. e4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. O-O O-O 6. d3 d6 7. h3 Qe7 8. Ne2 Nd8 9. Ng3 Kh8 10. Ba4 Ng8
1955 Gecsei Memorial – Round 2 – Jenei, Ferenc – 1/2-1/2 – Hajtun, Jozsef – G6 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. O-O O-O 6. d3 d6 7. Bxc6 Bxc3 8. bxc3 bxc6 9. Bg5 h6 10. Bh4 Bg4
1959 FRG Ch qual 4th – Round 13 – Hohlfeld, Heinz – 0-1 – Delander, Adolf – G28 1. e4 Nf6 2. Nc3 e5 3. Nf3 Nc6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. O-O O-O 6. d3 d6 7. h3 h6 8. Bxc6 bxc6 9. Ne2 c5 10. Ng3 Be6
1963 GDR Ch Aschersleben GER – Round 6 – Liebert, Heinz – 1/2-1/2 – Moehring, Guenther – G34 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. O-O O-O 6. d3 d6 7. Bxc6 Bxc3 8. Bxb7 Bxb2 9. Bxa8 Bxa1 10. Bc6 Bc3
1966 Belgrade – Round 1 – Milic, Borislav – 0-1 – Andric, Zoran B – G18 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. Nc3 Nc6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. O-O O-O 6. d3 d6 7. h3 Rb8 8. Ne2 Qe7 9. c3 Bc5 10. b4 Bb6
40. Olympiad Open 2012 – Round 11.17 – Prasca Sosa, Rafael Felipe – 0-1 – Georgiev, Kiril – G594 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. O-O O-O 6. d3 d6 7. Bxc6 bxc6 8. Ne2 Nd7 9. c3 Bc5 10. Re1 Bb6

C49g — Symmetrical Variation

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bb5 Bb4 5.O-O O-O 6.d3 d6

Eval: [+0.16]

Les coups candidats

7.Bg5 — 73.7% (3798 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Janowski, Dawid (25x), Capablanca, Jose (25x), Tarrasch, Siegbert (20x), Jovanovic, Bratislav M (19x), Spielmann, Rudolf (16x), Lasker, Emanuel (14x), Euwe, Max (14x), Yates, Frederic D (10x)

7.Ne2 — 15.8% (814 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Jovanovic, Bratislav M (34x), Maroczy, Geza (20x), Podlesnik, Bogdan (16x), Campora, Daniel H. (13x), Schlechter, Carl (10x), Vehi Bach, Victor Manuel (10x), Teichmann, Richard (9x), Janowski, Dawid (8x)

7.Bxc6 — 4.9% (253 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Grinfeld, Alla B (10x), Curdo, John (5x), Varga, Zoltan (5x), Lugovskoy, Maxim (5x), Von Bardeleben, Curt (4x), Janowski, Dawid (4x), Burn, Amos (3x), Paulsen, Louis (3x)

7.h3 — 3.5% (182 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Jevtic, Miodrag (3x), Leino, Jukka (3x), D Marco, Gianni (2x), Sechneva, Nataliya (2x), Clerc, Albert (1x), Chamier, Edward (1x), Coffee Jean Jacques (1x), Softlaw, Harold Goodlake (1x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	7.Bg5	7.Ne2	7.Bxc6	7.h3
<1800	132	72%	15%	1%	7%
1800-2200	1311	77%	14%	3%	4%
2200-2600	1992	72%	20%	6%	3%
2600+	114	61%	32%	6%	1%

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	7.Bg5	7.Ne2	7.Bxc6	7.h3
1870s	1	100%	—	—	—
1880s	28	18%	4%	75%	4%
1890s	56	54%	25%	12%	5%
1900s	176	47%	38%	15%	1%
1910s	169	85%	9%	5%	—
1920s	115	84%	12%	2%	—
1930s	45	69%	27%	—	4%
1940s	40	92%	8%	—	—
1950s	48	69%	12%	8%	8%
1960s	59	90%	5%	2%	3%
1970s	66	70%	21%	3%	3%
1980s	133	74%	20%	4%	2%
1990s	898	82%	8%	4%	3%
2000s	1302	81%	8%	5%	4%
2010s	1684	69%	22%	4%	4%
2020s	333	57%	31%	5%	5%

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
7.Bg5	69%	57%	▼ -11.9%
7.Ne2	22%	31%	▲ +9.4%
7.Bxc6	4%	5%	▲ +1.2%
7.h3	4%	5%	▲ +1.4%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Lasker, Emanuel — 10 parties
Euwe, Max — 10 parties
Alekhine, Alexander — 5 parties
Anand, Viswanathan — 5 parties
Smyslov, Vladimir — 4 parties
Tal, Mikhail — 3 parties
Karpov, Anatoly — 3 parties
Botvinnik, Mikhail — 2 parties
Karpov, Aleksandr — 2 parties
Steinitz, Wilhelm — 1 partie
Hou, Yifan — 1 partie
Carlsen, Magnus — 1 partie
Ju, Wenjun — 1 partie

Parties historiques

7.Bg5 — 73.7% (3798 parties)

1878 — Gifford, Birkmyre H vs McKenzie, George — 0-1 — Paris FRA
1880 — Bier, Max vs Riemann, Fritz — 1/2-1/2 — Braunschweig
1882 — Paulsen, Louis vs Hruby, Vincenz — 1/2-1/2 — Vienna AUT
1883 — Englisch, Berthold vs Rosenthal, Samuel — 1-0 — London ENG
1883 — McKenzie, George vs Zukertort, Johannes — 0-1 — London ENG

7.Ne2 — 15.8% (814 parties)

1888 — Charlick Henry vs Crane, William — 1-0 — Melbourne AUS
1892 — Lasker, Emanuel vs Mason Morgan Zephania — 0-1 — Philadelphia, PA USA
1893 — Gossip, George vs Taubenhaus, Jean — 0-1 — New York, NY USA
1893 — Lasker, Emanuel vs Mordecai Morgan — 0-1 — Franklin CC, Philadelphia, PA USA
1896 — Schlechter, Carl vs Pillsbury, Harry — 1/2-1/2 — Budapest HUN

7.Bxc6 — 4.9% (253 parties)

1882 — Mason, James vs Zukertort, Johannes — 1/2-1/2 — Vienna AUT
1882 — White, Max vs Zukertort, Johannes — 1-0 — Vienna AUT
1883 — Riemann, Fritz vs Lange, Max — 1/2-1/2 — Nuerenberg GER
1883 — Fritz, Alexander vs Leffmann, Karl — 1/2-1/2 — Nuerenberg GER
1883 — Paulsen, Louis vs Hruby, Vincenz — 1/2-1/2 — Nuerenberg GER

7.h3 — 3.5% (182 parties)

1881 — Clerc, Albert vs Chamier, Edward — 0-1 — Paris FRA
1890 — Coffee Jean Jacques vs D Marco, Gianni — 0-1 — Vienna AUT
1890 — Csank, Adolf vs D Marco, Gianni — 1/2-1/2 — Vienna AUT
1899 — Softlaw, Harold Goodlake vs Catchings, Waddill — 1-0 — Cable
1903 — Duras, Oldrich vs Heemskerk, Jan F — 1-0 — Hilversum NED

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