Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	—
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	—	—
Passés	—	—
Majorité	—	—

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	● d5 (2v1)	● d4 (2v1)
Cases faibles	—	—
Centre	● d5 (2v1)	● d4 (2v1)

Colonnes et diagonales

♔ Blancs

♚ Noirs

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bc1	● Bc1 Non développé (mob. 0)
Bb5	● Bb5 Actif (mob. 7)
Bb4		● Bb4 Actif (mob. 7)
Bc8		● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 0)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Non développées	3 (● c1, ● a1, ● h1)	3 (● c8, ● a8, ● h8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Au centre !	● Au centre !
Droits de roque	O-O / O-O-O	O-O / O-O-O

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	fermé
Ruptures	● d2-d4	● …d7-d5

C49a — Four Knights: 4.Bb5 Bb4

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bb5 Bb4 * ○ Trait aux Blancs

Ouverture — Centre fermé

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

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Plan principal. Mettre le roi à l'abri (O-O dans 86 % des parties).

Atouts. Les Blancs s'appuient sur un contrôle dominant de d5 et un fou actif en b5.

Côté adverse. Le roi resté au centre.

En contrepartie. Le roi n'est pas encore à l'abri et plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le fou c1 et les tours a1 et h1).

Plans. O-O (Mettre le roi en sécurité, connecter les tours — 86 % des parties) ; d3 (Solidifier le centre — 10 % des parties).

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

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Plan principal. Mettre le roi à l'abri (...O-O dans 81 % des parties).

Atouts. Les Noirs s'appuient sur un contrôle dominant de d4 et un fou actif en b4.

Côté adverse. Le roi resté au centre.

En contrepartie. Le roi n'est pas encore à l'abri et plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le fou c8 et les tours a8 et h8).

Plans. ...O-O (Mettre le roi en sécurité, connecter les tours — 81 % des parties) ; ...d6 (Libérer Bc8 — 9 % des parties).

Avantages

Faiblesses

Diagonale active

Plans

Partie
1900 London ENG – Round 9 – Mason, James – 1-0 – Physick, Thomas – G14 1. e4 e5 2. Nc3 Nf6 3. Nf3 Nc6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. d3 Qe7 6. O-O Bxc3 7. bxc3 O-O 8. Bg5 h6 9. Be3 d6 10. h3 Nd8
1902 It (Men) Hanover GER – Round 2 – Von Gottschall, Hermann – 0-1 – Gunsberg, Isidor – G7 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. d3 Nd4 6. Ba4 b5 7. Bb3 a5 8. a3 Bxc3+ 9. bxc3 Nxb3 10. cxb3 Qe7
1905 Ostende – Round 26 – D Marco, Gianni – 1/2-1/2 – Teichmann, Radek – G77 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. d3 d6 6. O-O Bxc3 7. bxc3 O-O 8. Bxc6 bxc6 9. h3 h6 10. Re1 Re8
1907 Ostende II – Round ? – Blackburne, Joseph – 1/2-1/2 – Forgacs, Leo – G352 1. e4 e5 2. Nc3 Nf6 3. Nf3 Nc6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. Nd5 Nxd5 6. exd5 Nd4 7. Be2 Nxf3+ 8. Bxf3 O-O 9. O-O Re8 10. d3 Bf8
1907 Ostende II – Round 3 – Blackburne, Joseph – 1-0 – Von Scheve, Theodor – G38 1. e4 e5 2. Nc3 Nf6 3. Nf3 Nc6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. Nd5 Bc5 6. d3 a6 7. Ba4 O-O 8. O-O Nxd5 9. exd5 Ne7 10. Nxe5 d6
1907 Ostende II – Round 5 – Blackburne, Joseph – 1/2-1/2 – Bernstein, Olivia – G63 1. e4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. Nd5 Nxd5 6. exd5 e4 7. dxc6 bxc6 8. Be2 exf3 9. Bxf3 O-O 10. O-O d5
1907 Ostende II – Round 9 – Blackburne, Joseph – 1/2-1/2 – Forgacs, Laszlo – G110 1. e4 e5 2. Nc3 Nf6 3. Nf3 Nc6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. Nd5 Nxd5 6. exd5 Nd4 7. Be2 Nxf3+ 8. Bxf3 O-O 9. O-O Re8 10. d3 Bf8
1908 Vienna – Round 1 – Cohn, Erich – 0-1 – Salwe, George – G23 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. d3 d6 6. O-O Bxc3 7. bxc3 O-O 8. h3 Ne7 9. Re1 c6 10. Bc4 Ng6
1909 All-Russian – Round 4 – Evtifeev, Peter Artemievich – 1-0 – Verlinsky, Boris – G4 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. Nd5 Nxd5 6. exd5 e4 7. dxc6 bxc6 8. Be2 exf3 9. Bxf3 O-O 10. O-O d5
1910 DSB-17.Kongress – Round 16 – Speijer, Abraham – 1-0 – Důras, Oldřich – G102 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. Nd5 Be7 6. Nxe7 Qxe7 7. O-O O-O 8. Re1 Qc5 9. Bxc6 dxc6 10. d4 exd4
1912 BCF Ch 9. Major Open – Round 4 – Speijer, Abraham – 1-0 – Mackenzie, Arthur J – G5 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. Nc3 Nc6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. Nd5 Bc5 6. d3 d6 7. Bg5 Bd7 8. Qd2 Nb8 9. Bc4 c6 10. Nxf6+ gxf6
1913 Debrecen – Round ? – Réti, Richard – 1/2-1/2 – Asztalos, Lajos – G26 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nf6 4. Nc3 Bb4 5. Nd5 Be7 6. O-O O-O 7. d3 d6 8. Nxf6+ Bxf6 9. c3 Ne7 10. d4 Ng6
1928 Mar del Plata – Round 12 – Balparda, Julio – 1/2-1/2 – Maderna, Carlos – G42 1. e4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. d3 d6 6. Bc4 Nd4 7. h3 c6 8. Bd2 O-O 9. O-O a5 10. a3 Bc5
1929 Karlsbad – Round 1 – Treybal, Karel – 1/2-1/2 – Yates, Frederic D – G137 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. d3 d6 6. O-O Bg4 7. Qe2 O-O 8. Bxc6 bxc6 9. Nd1 Re8 10. a3 Bc5
1931 Trebitsch Memorial 14th – Round 8 – Boros, Sandor – 0-1 – Becker, Albert – G15 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. d3 Nd4 6. Ba4 c6 7. Bd2 Nxf3+ 8. Qxf3 d6 9. a3 Bc5 10. Bb3 Bb6
1939 Leningrad ch-URS – Round 7 – Pogrebissky, Iosif – 1-0 – Romanovsky, Pjotr – G56 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nf6 4. Nc3 Bb4 5. d3 Nd4 6. Bc4 d5 7. exd5 Bg4 8. a3 Ba5 9. Bd2 O-O 10. h3 Bh5
1944 Mar del Plata – Round 7 – Michel, Pascal – 0-1 – Pilnik, Herman – G64 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. Nd5 Bc5 6. O-O d6 7. d4 exd4 8. Nxd4 Bd7 9. Nf5 Bxf5 10. exf5 Nxd5
1945 Prague Prague CZE – Round 8 – Thelen, Bedrich – 0-1 – Richter, Emil – G14 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. Bxc6 dxc6 6. d3 Qe7 7. O-O Bg4 8. Qe2 Nd7 9. Nd1 g6 10. Ne3 h5
1946 ARM Ch m – Round 6 – Kasparian, Genrikh – 1-0 – Petrosian, Tigran A. – G6 1. e4 e5 2. Nc3 Nf6 3. Nf3 Nc6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. d3 Nd4 6. Ba4 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. h3 a5 9. a3 Bxc3+ 10. bxc3 Nxb3
1947 Mar del Plata – Round 8 – Hounie Fleurquin, Carlos – 1-0 – Euwe, Max – G72 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. d3 Nd4 6. Bc4 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. h3 c6 9. O-O Nxb3 10. axb3 O-O
1949 Remedios de Escalada – Round 7 – Guimard, Carlos E – 1-0 – Rossetto, Hector – G24 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. d3 Nd4 6. Nxd4 exd4 7. a3 Ba5 8. b4 dxc3 9. bxa5 c6 10. Bc4 Qxa5
1954 Olympiad final A – Round 1 – Agustsson, Gudmundur – 0-1 – Filip, Marius Liviu – G78 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. d3 Nd4 6. Ba4 O-O 7. O-O d6 8. Nxd4 exd4 9. Ne2 d5 10. e5 Ng4
1955 Hungary Ch – Round 1 – Bilek, Istvan – 1/2-1/2 – Bely, Matthieu – G62 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. d3 Bxc3+ 6. bxc3 d6 7. O-O O-O 8. Bxc6 bxc6 9. Bg5 h6 10. Bh4 Bg4
1957 Open – Round 2 – Beliavsky, Lev – 1-0 – Blackstone, John – G2 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. Nd5 Nd4 6. Nxd4 Nxd5 7. Nf5 Qf6 8. O-O c6 9. Be2 d6 10. Ng3 Ne7
1964 IBM-B – Round 8 – De Rooi, Paul – 1-0 – Wade, Robert G – G22 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nf6 4. Nc3 Bb4 5. d3 Nd4 6. Nxd4 exd4 7. a3 Ba5 8. b4 dxc3 9. bxa5 c6 10. Bc4 d5
1964 Pecs – Round 1 – Dely, Peter – 1/2-1/2 – Kholmov, Ratmir D – G6 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. Nd5 Ba5 6. O-O O-O 7. d3 Nxd5 8. exd5 Ne7 9. Nxe5 Nxd5 10. d4 d6
1964 Sarajevo BIH – Round 14 – Dely, Peter – 1/2-1/2 – Ivkov, Borislav – G30 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. Nd5 Nxd5 6. exd5 Nd4 7. Nxd4 exd4 8. Qe2+ Qe7 9. Qxe7+ Bxe7 10. O-O O-O
1964 Zuerich-J Zurich SUI – Round ? – Holaszek, Hans – 1-0 – Kinnmark, Ove – G28 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. d3 Nd4 6. Ba4 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. h3 h6 9. Bd2 Nxb3 10. axb3 Bxc3
1966 La Habana olm prel – Round 5 – Stanciu, Traian – 1/2-1/2 – Popov, Luben – G85 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. Nd5 Nxd5 6. exd5 Nd4 7. Nxd4 exd4 8. Qe2+ Qe7 9. Qxe7+ Bxe7 10. O-O O-O
1967 Oxford ch-BCF – Round 4 – Basman, Michael J – 1-0 – Thynne, Trefor F – G42 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. Nc3 Nc6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. d3 d6 6. a3 Ba5 7. b4 Bb6 8. Nd5 h6 9. c3 O-O 10. Ne3 Ne7
1967 Sofia tt – Round 2 – Pietzsch, Wolfgang – 1-0 – Athanasakis, D. – G31 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. Nc3 Nc6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. d3 Nd4 6. Ba4 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. h3 Nxb3 9. axb3 O-O 10. O-O Bd7
1967 West Vancouver CC – Round ? – Berry, Jonathan – 1/2-1/2 – Harper, Bruce – G13 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. Nc3 Nc6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. a3 Bxc3 6. dxc3 O-O 7. Bg5 Qe8 8. Bxf6 gxf6 9. Qd2 a6 10. Be2 d6
1968 Yugoslavia – Round 1 – Mestrovic, Zvonimir – 1-0 – Kapic, Ibrahim – G19 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. Nc3 Nc6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. Nd5 Nxd5 6. exd5 Nd4 7. Nxd4 exd4 8. Qg4 Qe7+ 9. Kd1 Qf6 10. Re1+ Kd8
Yerevan ol (Men) 1996 – Round 6 – Stanec, Nikolaus – 0-1 – Rozentalis, Eduardas – G91 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. Nc3 Nc6 4. Bb5 Bb4 5. d3 Qe7 6. Bxc6 dxc6 7. Bd2 O-O 8. a3 Bd6 9. Bg5 h6 10. Bh4 Qe6

C49a — Spanish Variation, Double Spanish (1900)

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bb5 Bb4

Les coups candidats

5.O-O — 78.2% (7964 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Jovanovic, Bratislav M (57x), Campora, Daniel H. (31x), Podlesnik, Bogdan (31x), Istratescu, Andrei (23x), Speisser, Patrick (23x), Iuldachev, Saidali (22x), Wei, Yi (21x), Naiditsch, Arkadij (21x)

5.d3 — 12.0% (1224 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Zachary, Matheo (5x), Santos, Sandra Cristina Brito D (4x), Palkova, Nikola (4x), Morel, Fernand (3x), Sliwa, Bogdan (3x), Sipek, Vitezslav (3x), Baudifier, Yoan (3x), Cempel, Jaroslav (3x)

5.Bxc6 — 4.8% (491 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Biernbaum, Jon (3x), Budkovic, Tine (3x), Buydts, Dirk (2x), Trepanier, J. (2x), Hansson, Anton 1987 (2x), Mamedow, Emil (2x), Alexander, Philipp (2x), Kutin, Simona (2x)

5.a3 — 2.1% (218 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Erban, Stepan (2x), Ferreira, Joana Isabel Martins (2x), Veenstra, Tim (2x), Schlaetker, Christine (2x), Petrasova, L. (1x), Beil, Zdenek (1x), Berry, Jonathan (1x), Harper, Bruce (1x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	5.O-O	5.d3	5.Bxc6	5.a3
<1800	828	64%	19%	9%	4%
1800-2200	3162	81%	13%	2%	1%
2200-2600	3514	93%	5%	1%	0%
2600+	223	93%	4%	1%	0%

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	5.O-O	5.d3	5.Bxc6	5.a3
1950s	141	87%	11%	—	—
1960s	121	83%	11%	2%	2%
1970s	131	87%	8%	2%	1%
1980s	269	87%	9%	1%	—
1990s	1939	75%	14%	6%	3%
2000s	2975	71%	15%	7%	4%
2010s	3276	83%	10%	4%	1%
2020s	1336	84%	9%	4%	1%

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
5.O-O	83%	84%	▲ +0.7%
5.d3	10%	9%	▼ -1.6%
5.Bxc6	4%	4%	▲ +0.7%
5.a3	1%	1%	▲ +0.5%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Karpov, Anatoly — 6 parties
Anand, Viswanathan — 6 parties
Carlsen, Magnus — 6 parties
Tal, Mikhail — 5 parties
Hou, Yifan — 3 parties
Ju, Wenjun — 2 parties
Gukesh D — 2 parties
Smyslov, Vladimir — 1 partie

Parties historiques

5.O-O — 78.2% (7964 parties)

1950 — Barendregt, Johan vs Van den Berg, Carel B — 1/2-1/2 — Amsterdam ch-NED
1950 — Petrosian, Tigran V. vs Furman, Semyon — 0-1 — Gorki
1950 — Trifunovic, Petar vs Bosch van Rosenthal, Edzard — 1-0 — Amsterdam NED
1950 — Maderna, Carlos vs Michel, Clement Paul — 1-0 — Mar del Plata ARG
1950 — Lambert, Hans vs Staudte, Hans-Hilmar — 1/2-1/2 — Dubrovnik olm

5.d3 — 12.0% (1224 parties)

1951 — Mueller, Paul vs Castiglioni, Ferruccio — 1/2-1/2 — Venice ITA
1952 — Morel, Fernand vs Sliwa, Bogdan — 0-1 — Helsinki ol prel
1952 — Morel, Fernand vs Sliwa, Bogdan — 0-1 — Helsinki FIN
1953 — Morel, Fernand vs Draxl, Rudi — 1-0 — Innsbruck AUT
1953 — Fawcett, Edward Douglas vs Nield, Alan Edgar — 1-0 — Bognor Regis

5.Bxc6 — 4.8% (491 parties)

1960 — Baldanello, Mario vs Norcia, Fabrizio — 0-1 — Imperia
1968 — Moskalenko, Viktor vs Nakhimovskaya, Zara — 1/2-1/2 — Riga LAT
1974 — Hartfield, Fred vs Mavraedis, Chris — 0-1 — ?
1975 — Bejarano Nieto, Adrian vs Carretero Ajo, Jesus — 0-1 — Valladolid
1978 — Abd El Aleem Hisham, Mohamed vs Hoyt Walter — 1/2-1/2 — ?

5.a3 — 2.1% (218 parties)

1967 — Berry, Jonathan vs Harper, Bruce — 1/2-1/2 — Vancouver BC CAN
1969 — Petrasova, L. vs Beil, Zdenek — 1/2-1/2 — Brno CZE
1977 — Hafner, Robert vs Mayer, Steven F. — 0-1 — Fairfax Va
1990 — Gudlaugsson, Gudmundur vs Harke, Soenke — 0-1 — ?
1992 — Reyes Sierra A vs Gordin, Artiom — 1/2-1/2 — Duisburg

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