Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	—
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	—	● f7→e6
Passés	—	—
Majorité	● aile dame 3v2	—

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	● b5 (3v0)	—
Cases faibles	—	—
Centre	—	● e5 (2v1)

Colonnes et diagonales

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Semi-ouvertes	● d	● c

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bf1	● Bf1 Non développé (mob. 5)
Bg5	● Bg5 Ok (mob. 3)
Be7		● Be7 Ok (mob. 0)
Bc8		● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 1)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Non développées	2 (● f1, ● h1)	2 (● c8, ● a8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Roqué	● Roqué
Droits de roque	—	—

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	mobile
Ruptures	● e4-e5, ● f4-f5	● …d6-d5, ● …e6-e5

B64a — Sicilian: Richter-Rauzer, 7.Qd2 Be7, 9.f4

1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 Nc6 6.Bg5 e6 7.Qd2 Be7 8.O-O-O O-O 9.f4 * ● Trait aux Noirs

Ouverture — Centre mobile

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

abcdefgh

Plan principal. Jeu au centre (rupture e4-e5).

Atouts. Les Blancs s'appuient sur une majorité de pions à l'aile dame (3 contre 2), un contrôle dominant de b5 et la colonne semi-ouverte d.

Côté adverse. Un mauvais fou en c8.

En contrepartie. Plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le fou f1 et la tour h1).

Plans. Bh4 (Fou actif (mobilité 5) — 26 % des parties) ; Bxf6 (Fou actif (mobilité 5) — 5 % des parties).

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

hgfedcba

Plan principal. Jeu au centre (rupture d6-d5).

Atouts. Les Noirs s'appuient sur la colonne semi-ouverte c.

En contrepartie. Plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le fou c8 et la tour a8) et le fou e7 reste passif.

Plans. ...Nxd4 (Cavalier centralisé en d4 — 54 % des parties) ; ...h6 (Poser la question au Bg5 — 35 % des parties).

Avantages

Faiblesses

Diagonale active

Plans

Partie
1937 Tbilisi ch-URS – Round 1 – Kasparian, Genrikh – 0-1 – Levenfish, Grigory – G81 1. e4 c5 2. Ne2 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 d6 6. Bg5 e6 7. Qd2 Be7 8. O-O-O O-O 9. f4 Qa5 10. Nb3 Qb6
1941 New York State CA – Round 4 – Seidman, Herbert – 0-1 – Denker, Arnold S – G12 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 d6 6. Bg5 e6 7. Qd2 Be7 8. O-O-O O-O 9. f4 a6 10. Be2 Bd7
1947 GER Ch 11th – Round 6 – Sahlmann, Walter – 1-0 – Ernst, Wilhelm – G9 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 d6 6. Bg5 e6 7. Qd2 Be7 8. O-O-O O-O 9. f4 a6 10. Bxf6 gxf6
1948 New York – Round 1 – Platz, Joseph – 1-0 – Bernstein, Sidney – G8 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 d6 6. Bg5 e6 7. Qd2 Be7 8. O-O-O O-O 9. f4 Qa5 10. Nb3 Qb6
1952 Hagen – Round 6 – Lehmann, Heinz – 1/2-1/2 – Heinicke, Herbert – G8 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 d6 6. Bg5 e6 7. Qd2 Be7 8. O-O-O O-O 9. f4 a6 10. Nf3 Qa5
1954 Amsterdam olm – Round 1 – Kupper, Josef – 1/2-1/2 – Kelly, Terry – G115 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 d6 6. Bg5 e6 7. Qd2 Be7 8. O-O-O O-O 9. f4 a6 10. Nf3 Qa5
1955 Budapest HUN – Round 1 – Keres, Paul – 1-0 – Szabo, Laszlo – G4 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 d6 6. Bg5 e6 7. Qd2 Be7 8. O-O-O O-O 9. f4 a6 10. e5 dxe5
1955 Hastings5556 – Round 1 – Diez del Corral, Jesus – 0-1 – Korchnoi, Viktor – G3 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 d6 6. Bg5 e6 7. Qd2 Be7 8. O-O-O O-O 9. f4 d5 10. e5 Nd7
1955 Hastings5556 – Round 8 – Diez del Corral, Jesus – 0-1 – Taimanov, Mark E – G37 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 d6 6. Bg5 e6 7. Qd2 Be7 8. O-O-O O-O 9. f4 d5 10. Nb3 dxe4
1955 Manhattan CC Ch 5556 – Round 11 – Bisguier, Arthur B – 0-1 – Denker, Arnold S – G51 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 d6 6. Bg5 e6 7. Qd2 Be7 8. O-O-O O-O 9. f4 a6 10. Kb1 Bd7
1955 Mar del Plata – Round 15 – De Greiff, B. – 0-1 – Szabo, Ladislav – G108 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 d6 6. Bg5 e6 7. Qd2 Be7 8. O-O-O O-O 9. f4 a6 10. Be2 Bd7
1955 URS Ch sf – Round ? – Kamenetsky Yakov E – 0-1 – Veresov, Gavriil – G12 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 d6 6. Bg5 e6 7. Qd2 Be7 8. O-O-O O-O 9. f4 Qa5 10. Nb3 Qb6
1955 URS-USA telex – Round 1 – Kashdan, Isaac – 1/2-1/2 – Taimanov, Mark E – G3 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 d6 6. Bg5 e6 7. Qd2 Be7 8. O-O-O O-O 9. f4 d5 10. e5 Nd7
1955 USSR – Round 1 – Tal, Michael – 1/2-1/2 – Kortchnoi, V. – G19 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 d6 6. Bg5 e6 7. Qd2 Be7 8. O-O-O O-O 9. f4 d5 10. e5 Nd7
1956 Leningrad ch-URS – Round 1 – Bivshev, Vasily – 1/2-1/2 – Tal, Mikhail – G96 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 d6 6. Bg5 e6 7. Qd2 Be7 8. O-O-O O-O 9. f4 d5 10. e5 Nd7
1956 Leningrad ch-URS – Round 1 – Zurakhov, Vladlen Y – 1-0 – Tal, Mikhail – G98 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 d6 6. Bg5 e6 7. Qd2 Be7 8. O-O-O O-O 9. f4 d5 10. e5 Nd7
1956 Moscow olm fin-B – Round 7 – Plater, Kazimierz – 1/2-1/2 – Johannsson, Ingi R – G76 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 d6 6. Bg5 e6 7. Qd2 Be7 8. O-O-O O-O 9. f4 d5 10. exd5 Nxd5
1956 Moscow olm prel – Round 4 – Schmid, Leo – 0-1 – Johannsson, I. – G122 1. e4 c5 2. d4 cxd4 3. Nf3 Nc6 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 d6 6. Bg5 e6 7. Qd2 Be7 8. O-O-O O-O 9. f4 d5 10. e5 Nd7
1958 Montreal Ch – Round 5 – Zalys, Ignas – 1-0 – Coudari, Yves – G6 1. Nf3 c5 2. e4 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 d6 6. Bg5 e6 7. Qd2 Be7 8. O-O-O O-O 9. f4 Qa5 10. Kb1 a6
1959 Argentina – Round 14 – Dominguez, Cristobal – 1/2-1/2 – Emma, Jaime – G78 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 d6 6. Bg5 e6 7. Qd2 Be7 8. O-O-O O-O 9. f4 a6 10. Bh4 Nxd4
1959 URS Team Ch – Round 1 – Shamkovich, Leonid – 1-0 – Saigin, Ian – G66 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 d6 6. Bg5 e6 7. Qd2 Be7 8. O-O-O O-O 9. f4 Qa5 10. Bc4 Rd8
1961 Budapest – Round 3 – Keres, Paul – 1-0 – Szabo, Ladislav – G12 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 d6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 Nc6 6. Bg5 e6 7. Qd2 Be7 8. O-O-O O-O 9. f4 a6 10. e5 dxe5
1961 Golden Knights – Round ? – Zalys, Ignas – 1-0 – Ebner, WIlliam – G7 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 d6 6. Bg5 e6 7. Qd2 Be7 8. O-O-O O-O 9. f4 a6 10. e5 Nd5
1966 La Habana olm fin-A – Round 3 – Santa Cruz Beneito, Hugo – 1/2-1/2 – Korchnoi, Viktor – G54 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 d6 6. Bg5 e6 7. Qd2 Be7 8. O-O-O O-O 9. f4 d5 10. e5 Nd7
1966 La Habana olm prel – Round 6 – Walther, Edgar – 0-1 – Tal, Mikhail – G238 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 d6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 Nc6 6. Bg5 e6 7. Qd2 Be7 8. O-O-O O-O 9. f4 d5 10. e5 Nd7
1966 Palma de Mallorca – Round 4 – O'Kelly, Albéric de Galway – 0-1 – Tal, Mikhail – G24 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 d6 6. Bg5 e6 7. Qd2 Be7 8. O-O-O O-O 9. f4 d5 10. e5 Nd7
1966 Tbilisi ch-URS – Round 12 – Suetin, Alexey S – 0-1 – Lein, Andreas – G108 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 d6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 Nc6 6. Bg5 e6 7. Qd2 Be7 8. O-O-O O-O 9. f4 d5 10. e5 Nd7
1966 Tbilisi ch-URS – Round 19 – Suetin, Alexey S – 1-0 – Vasiukov, Evgeni – G174 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 d6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 Nc6 6. Bg5 e6 7. Qd2 Be7 8. O-O-O O-O 9. f4 d5 10. e5 Nd7
1967 American Open – Round 2 – Osbun, Erik – 1-0 – Neustadter, R. – G3 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 d6 4. d4 cxd4 5. Nxd4 Nf6 6. Bg5 e6 7. Qd2 Be7 8. O-O-O O-O 9. f4 a6 10. Nxc6 10. ... bxc6
1967 DDR Ch 16th – Round 17 – Postler, Reinhard – 1/2-1/2 – Pietzsch, Wolfgang – G90 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 d6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 Nc6 6. Bg5 e6 7. Qd2 Be7 8. O-O-O O-O 9. f4 d5 10. exd5 Nxd5
1967 Maribor – Round 1 – Matanovic, Aleksandar – 1-0 – Minev, Nikolay N – G7 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 d6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 Nc6 6. Bg5 e6 7. Qd2 Be7 8. O-O-O O-O 9. f4 d5 10. e5 Nd7
1967 ROM Ch – Round 17 – Pavlov, Mircea-Sergiu-Aurelian – 1/2-1/2 – Buza, Adrian – G117 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 d6 6. Bg5 e6 7. Qd2 Be7 8. O-O-O O-O 9. f4 d5 10. e5 Nd7
1967 Sarajevo it – Round 10 – Stein, Leon Rico – 1-0 – Dan Nikolic, Slobodan – G18 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 d6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 Nc6 6. Bg5 e6 7. Qd2 Be7 8. O-O-O O-O 9. f4 d5 10. e5 Nd7
1967 Vrnjacka Banja zt – Round 11 – Jansa, Vlastimil – 1/2-1/2 – Bobotsov, Milko G – G76 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 d6 6. Bg5 e6 7. Qd2 Be7 8. O-O-O O-O 9. f4 d5 10. e5 Nd7
1968 Bamberg – Round 9 – Unzicker, Wolfgang – 1-0 – Szabo, Ladislav – G62 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 d6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 Nc6 6. Bg5 e6 7. Qd2 Be7 8. O-O-O O-O 9. f4 d5 10. e5 Nd7
World Blitz 2017 – Round 11.50 – Volokitin, Andrei – 1/2-1/2 – Abdyzhapar, Asylbek – G595 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 d6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 Nc6 6. Bg5 e6 7. Qd2 Be7 8. O-O-O O-O 9. f4 a6 10. Kb1 Qc7

B64a — Richter-Rauzer Variation, Classical Variation (1937)

1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 Nc6 6.Bg5 e6 7.Qd2 Be7 8.O-O-O O-O 9.f4

Les coups candidats

9…Nxd4 — 54.1% (2592 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Hildebrand, Gerald (47x), Kotronias, Vasilios (46x), Inkiov, Ventzislav (16x), ? (14x), Kramnik, Vladimir (13x), Yudasin, Leonid (13x), Anand, Viswanathan (12x), Dembo, Yelena (12x)

9…h6 — 34.7% (1665 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Gurevich, Dmitry (24x), Pergel, Laszlo (19x), Fishbein, Alexander (18x), Rodriguez Cespedes, Amador (12x), Matulovic, Milan (11x), Kupreichik, Viktor D (11x), Simal Moreira, Leonardo (11x), Geller, Efim P. (10x)

9…d5 — 3.4% (164 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Tal, Mikhail (9x), Furman, Boris (8x), Legrand, Stephane (6x), Radulov, Ivan (5x), Minev, Nikolay N (3x), Korchnoi, Viktor (3x), Brooks, Michael (3x), Diez del Corral, Jesus (2x)

9…a6 — 2.8% (136 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Szabo, Laszlo (3x), Chemin, Vitorio (3x), Keres, Paul (2x), Heinicke, Herbert (2x), Vogel, Robert (2x), OBrien, Erik Michael (1x), Neustadt, Tatjana (1x), Dominguez, Cristobal (1x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	9…Nxd4	9…h6	9…d5	9…a6
<1800	183	52%	32%	4%	5%
1800-2200	1352	59%	30%	4%	4%
2200-2600	2171	53%	40%	2%	1%
2600+	103	66%	32%	—	—

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	9…Nxd4	9…h6	9…d5	9…a6
1950s	198	40%	29%	8%	5%
1960s	142	35%	27%	15%	4%
1970s	136	34%	40%	13%	4%
1980s	500	35%	60%	1%	1%
1990s	983	55%	35%	2%	3%
2000s	1308	61%	29%	3%	3%
2010s	1328	58%	33%	3%	3%
2020s	197	65%	25%	4%	2%

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
9…Nxd4	58%	65%	▲ +7.4%
9…h6	33%	25%	▼ -8.6%
9…d5	3%	4%	▲ +1.0%
9…a6	3%	2%	▼ -1.0%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Tal, Mikhail — 10 parties
Kramnik, Vladimir — 10 parties
Anand, Viswanathan — 10 parties
Karpov, Anatoly — 8 parties
Kasparov, Garry — 3 parties
Carlsen, Magnus — 3 parties

Parties historiques

9…Nxd4 — 54.1% (2592 parties)

1950 — Castaldi, Vincenzo vs Barden, Leonard — 1-0 — Hastings ENG
1950 — Castaldi, Vincenzo vs Barden, Leonard — 1-0 — Hastings ENG
1951 — Zagorovsky, Vladimir vs Ilivitsky, Georgy A — 1/2-1/2 — Tbilisi GEO
1951 — Zagorovsky vs Ilivitsky, Georgy A — 1/2-1/2 — USSR
1951 — Byvshev, Vasily vs Lyskov, Ivan N — 0-1 — ?

9…h6 — 34.7% (1665 parties)

1953 — Djurasevic, Bozidar vs Bogdanovic, Rajko — 1/2-1/2 — Zagreb CRO
1954 — Kolvig, Bent vs Andersen, Henrik — 1-0 — Copenhagen DEN
1954 — Zagorovsky, Vladimir vs Livshin, Iosif — 1-0 — Moscow RUS
1954 — Toran Albero, Roman vs Jacob, Franz — 1-0 — Munich GER
1954 — Sokolsky, Alexey vs Livshin, Iosif — 1-0 — Kiev ch-URS

9…d5 — 3.4% (164 parties)

1955 — Diez del Corral, Jesus vs Taimanov, Mark — 0-1 — Hastings ENG
1955 — Sokolsky, Alexey vs Saigin, Vladimir — 1-0 — Kiev UKR
1955 — Tal, Mikhail vs Korchnoi, Viktor — 1/2-1/2 — USSR
1955 — Nei, Iivo vs Tal, Mikhail — 1/2-1/2 — URS-ch sf Riga LAT
1955 — Kashdan, Isaac vs Taimanov, Mark — 1/2-1/2 — Moscow RUS

9…a6 — 2.8% (136 parties)

1952 — Lehmann, Heinz vs Heinicke, Herbert — 1/2-1/2 — Hagen
1954 — Kupper, Josef vs Kelly, Terry — 1/2-1/2 — Amsterdam olm
1955 — Bisguier, Arthur B vs Decker, Arnold Sheldon — 0-1 — New York, NY USA
1955 — Keres, Paul vs Szabo, Laszlo — 1-0 — ?
1955 — Keres, Paul vs Szabo, Laszlo — 1-0 — Budapest HUN

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