Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	● c4, ● c5	—
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	—	—
Passés	—	—
Majorité	● aile dame 4v2	—

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	● d5 (2v1)	—
Cases faibles	—	—
Centre	● d4 (1v0), ● d5 (2v1)	● e4 (1v0)

Colonnes et diagonales

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Semi-ouvertes	● d	● c

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bc1	● Bc1 Non développé (mob. 5)
Bf1	● Bf1 Non développé (mob. 0)
Bc8		● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 0)
Bf8		● Bf8 Non développé (mob. 0)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Non développées	6 (● b1, ● g1, ● c1, ● f1, ● a1, ● h1)	5 (● b8, ● c8, ● f8, ● a8, ● h8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Au centre	● Au centre
Droits de roque	O-O / O-O-O	O-O / O-O-O

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	mobile
Ruptures	● c5-c6	● …d7-d6, ● …d7-d5

A56e — Benoni: 3.dxc5

1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.dxc5 * ● Trait aux Noirs

Ouverture — Centre mobile

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

abcdefgh

Plans. Nc3 (Développer b1 — 50 % des parties) ; Nf3 (Développer g1 — 27 % des parties) ; a3 (Préparer expansion aile dame — 6 % des parties).

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

hgfedcba

Plans. ...e6 (Poussée — 56 % des parties) ; ...Na6 (Développer b8 — 16 % des parties) ; ...Qa5+ (Contrôle diagonale a5-e1, Prépare O-O-O — 15 % des parties).

Avantages

Faiblesses

Diagonale active

Plans

Partie
1943 UJCS-17.Kongress – Round 2 – Tikovsky, Alexandr – 0-1 – Hromadka, Karel – G7 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. dxc5 e6 4. a3 Bxc5 5. e3 a5 6. Nf3 Nc6 7. b3 O-O 8. Bb2 d5 9. Nbd2 d4 10. exd4 Nxd4
1946 Ostrawa ch CZE – Round 2 – Tikovsky, J. – 0-1 – Zita, Frantisek – G3 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. dxc5 e6 4. a3 Bxc5 5. e3 O-O 6. b4 Be7 7. Qc2 a5 8. b5 d5 9. Bb2 Nbd7 10. cxd5 Nxd5
1948 YUG Ch – Round 1 – Subaric, Mladen – 1-0 – Udovcic, Mijo – G1 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. dxc5 e6 4. Nf3 Na6 5. g3 Qa5+ 6. Nbd2 Bxc5 7. Bh3 d5 8. O-O Bd7 9. Ne5 Ba4 10. Nb3 Qb6
1954 Leningrad master – Round ? – Uusi, Gunnar – 1/2-1/2 – Spassky, Boris V. – G6 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. dxc5 e6 4. Nf3 Bxc5 5. e3 O-O 6. Nc3 b6 7. Be2 Bb7 8. O-O Nc6 9. a3 Rc8 10. b3 Qc7
1955 DDR Ch 06th – Round 12 – Schindler, Leo – 0-1 – Kahn, Manfred – G55 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. dxc5 Na6 4. Nc3 Nxc5 5. Nf3 b6 6. b4 Na6 7. a3 Bb7 8. e3 e6 9. Bb2 Be7 10. Bd3 O-O
1955 DDR Ch 06th – Round 16 – Schindler, Leo – 0-1 – Uhlmann, Wolfgang – G67 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. dxc5 e6 4. Nf3 Bxc5 5. e3 O-O 6. Nc3 d5 7. cxd5 exd5 8. Be2 Nc6 9. O-O Be6 10. a3 a5
1955 Zittau-A 5th – Round 9 – Bertholdt, Dieter – 0-1 – Muehlberg, Siegfried – G33 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. dxc5 Na6 4. a3 Nxc5 5. b4 Ne6 6. Nc3 g6 7. Bb2 Bg7 8. Nd5 Nxd5 9. Bxg7 Ne3 10. Qd3 Nxg2+
1956 Debrecen – Round 1 – Szobi, Tibor – 0-1 – Filep, Tibor – G3 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. dxc5 Na6 4. Nc3 Nxc5 5. b4 Na6 6. a3 g6 7. Bb2 Bg7 8. Qb3 O-O 9. e4 Nc7 10. Nf3 e6
1957 DDR Ch 08th – Round 1 – Bertholdt, Dieter – 1/2-1/2 – Eising, Johannes – G2 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. dxc5 Na6 4. a3 Nxc5 5. b4 Ne6 6. Bb2 g6 7. e3 Bg7 8. Nf3 O-O 9. Be2 b6 10. O-O d5
1957 URS Ch, semi final – Round 1 – Blagidze, Alexander – 1-0 – Buslaev, Aleksander – G25 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. dxc5 e6 4. Nc3 Bxc5 5. Nf3 Nc6 6. g3 d5 7. cxd5 exd5 8. Bg2 d4 9. Nb1 O-O 10. O-O Bf5
1958 GDR Ch Schkopau GER – Round 13 – Kahn, Manfred – 1/2-1/2 – Starck, Bodo – G78 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. dxc5 e6 4. Nf3 Bxc5 5. e3 O-O 6. a3 b6 7. Nc3 Bb7 8. Be2 Nc6 9. O-O Rc8 10. b4 Be7
1958 GDR Ch Schkopau GER – Round 6 – Keller-Hermann, Edith – 0-1 – Raetsch, Heinz – G34 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. dxc5 e6 4. Nc3 Bxc5 5. Nf3 O-O 6. e3 b6 7. a3 Bb7 8. Be2 Re8 9. O-O Bf8 10. Qc2 d6
1960 Baltic Nations – Round 11 – Bertholdt, Dieter – 1-0 – Burehall, Arne – G24 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. dxc5 Qa5+ 4. Nd2 e6 5. e3 Bxc5 6. Be2 Nc6 7. Nf3 d5 8. O-O Qc7 9. cxd5 exd5 10. a3 a5
1961 Palanga Baltic Ch – Round ? – Blagidze, Alexander – 1-0 – Zilber, Israel – G21 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. dxc5 e6 4. Nc3 Bxc5 5. Nf3 O-O 6. a3 b6 7. Bf4 Bb7 8. Bd6 Re8 9. e3 Ne4 10. Nxe4 Bxe4
1962 Hoogovens – Round 1 – Van Scheltinga, Theo – 0-1 – Langeweg, Kick – G8 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. dxc5 e6 4. Nf3 Bxc5 5. Nc3 d5 6. e3 O-O 7. a3 Nc6 8. b4 Bd6 9. Bb2 Qe7 10. Be2 Rd8
1962 Varna olm – Round 4 – Fuchs, Reinhart – 0-1 – Ivkov, Borislav – G162 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. dxc5 e6 4. Nf3 Bxc5 5. Nc3 d5 6. cxd5 exd5 7. e3 O-O 8. Be2 Nc6 9. O-O Re8 10. a3 a5
1962 Varna olm – Round 6 – Fuchs, Reinhart – 1/2-1/2 – Panno, Oscar – G249 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. dxc5 e6 4. Nf3 Bxc5 5. Nc3 O-O 6. e3 d5 7. cxd5 exd5 8. Be2 Nc6 9. O-O a6 10. a3 Ba7
1962 Whitby ch-BCF – Round 1 – Wallis, Philip N – 0-1 – Fuller, Roberto Antonio – G7 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. dxc5 e6 4. Nc3 Bxc5 5. e4 Nc6 6. Be2 a6 7. Nf3 Qc7 8. O-O Ng4 9. g3 h5 10. Na4 Be7
1963 POL Ch 20th – Round 9 – Balcerowski, Witold – 1/2-1/2 – Doda, Zbigniew – G56 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. dxc5 Na6 4. Nf3 Nxc5 5. Nc3 g6 6. g3 Bg7 7. Bg2 O-O 8. O-O d6 9. Nd4 a5 10. b3 Bd7
1964 Reggio Emilia ITA – Round 6 – Bagnoli, Paolo – 0-1 – Kozma, Julius – G25 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. dxc5 e6 4. Nf3 Bxc5 5. e3 O-O 6. Bd3 d5 7. O-O Nc6 8. a3 a5 9. Nc3 Qe7 10. Qc2 Rd8
1966 It II Beverwijk NED – Round 11 – Jongsma, Alexander – 1-0 – Gaprindashvili, Nona – G35 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. dxc5 e6 4. Nf3 Bxc5 5. a3 O-O 6. e3 d5 7. Nbd2 a6 8. b4 Bd6 9. Bb2 Nc6 10. Be2 Qe7
1967 ITA-ch28 Savona – Round 7 – Romani, Elio – 1-0 – Perich, Stefano – G17 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. dxc5 Qa5+ 4. Nc3 Qxc5 5. e3 g6 6. Nf3 Bg7 7. Be2 O-O 8. O-O b6 9. Rb1 Bb7 10. b3 d5
1968 Wijk aan Zee II – Round 1 – Dunkelblum, Arthur – 0-1 – Doda, Zbigniew – G14 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. dxc5 e6 4. Nf3 Bxc5 5. Nc3 O-O 6. e3 Nc6 7. Be2 d5 8. cxd5 exd5 9. O-O a6 10. b3 Qd6
1970 IBM – Round 14 – Langeweg, Kick – 1/2-1/2 – Hort, Vlastimil – G46 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. dxc5 e6 4. Nf3 Bxc5 5. e3 d5 6. a3 a5 7. Nc3 Nc6 8. Be2 Ne4 9. cxd5 Nxc3 10. bxc3 exd5

A56e — Benoni (1943)

1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.dxc5

Les coups candidats

3…e6 — 50.4% (658 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Rossi, Giampiero (17x), Lapiccirella, Daniele (10x), Grybas, Gintaras (8x), Schouten, Nico (5x), Minev, Nikolay N (4x), Bogdanovich, Grigory (4x), Scekic, Milos (4x), Bass, Stanley (4x)

3…Qa5+ — 19.7% (257 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Rossi, Giampiero (11x), Wall, Bill (2x), Melichar, Jiri (2x), Kalcher, Mathias (2x), Almirante Olay, Ruben (2x), Collier, Michael J (2x), Arouche, Farida (2x), Masiagutova, Liaysan (2x)

3…Na6 — 18.7% (244 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Rossi, Giampiero (5x), Brujic, Bozidar (5x), Ajrapetjan, Yuriy (3x), Bertholdt, Dieter (2x), Minev, Nikolay N (2x), Peredy, Ferenc (2x), Takhirov, Farkhad (2x), Hebden, Mark L (2x)

3…e5 — 4.7% (61 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Bass, Stanley (3x), Pljusnin, Victor (2x), Lind, Anders (2x), Abrahams, Steven (1x), Alexopoulos, Georgios 94 (1x), Schwarz, Lewis (1x), Schuh, Hubert (1x), Langheinrich, Ferenc (1x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	3…e6	3…Qa5+	3…Na6	3…e5
<1800	121	40%	28%	17%	7%
1800-2200	617	49%	22%	19%	4%
2200-2600	273	60%	8%	25%	4%

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	3…e6	3…Qa5+	3…Na6	3…e5
1950s	20	55%	5%	30%	—
1960s	22	82%	9%	9%	—
1970s	42	55%	19%	14%	2%
1980s	67	66%	6%	22%	—
1990s	261	49%	21%	13%	7%
2000s	480	46%	23%	19%	5%
2010s	336	52%	20%	20%	4%
2020s	78	50%	12%	24%	8%

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
3…e6	52%	50%	▼ -1.8%
3…Qa5+	20%	12%	▼ -8.4%
3…Na6	20%	24%	▲ +4.1%
3…e5	4%	8%	▲ +4.1%

Parties historiques

3…e6 — 50.4% (658 parties)

1953 — Karseladze, V. vs Veltmander, Iogannes — 1/2-1/2 — Leningrad RUS
1954 — Uusi, Gunnar vs Spassky, Boris V. — 1/2-1/2 — Leningrad RUS
1955 — Gessner, Hans-Herbert vs Leepin, Peter — 1/2-1/2 — Zurich SUI
1955 — Schindler, Leo vs Uhlmann, Wolfgang — 0-1 — Zwickau
1957 — Blagidze, Alexander vs Buslaev, Aleksander — 1-0 — Tbilisi GEO

3…Qa5+ — 19.7% (257 parties)

1957 — Nuzhdin, N vs Shadrin, Dmitriy — 1-0 — ?
1960 — Weiss, Berthold vs Burehel — 1-0 — ?
1967 — Romani, Elio vs Perich, Stefano — 1-0 — ITA-ch28 Savona
1973 — Gradisnik, Adrijana vs Nakic, Marta — 1-0 — corr Yugoslavia
1973 — Kolbak, Jens vs Hartung-Nielsen, Jens — 1-0 — Grenaa (DK)

3…Na6 — 18.7% (244 parties)

1951 — Stoltz, Gosta vs Milic, Borislav — 0-1 — Dortmund GER
1955 — Bertholdt, Dieter vs Muehlberg, Siegfried — 0-1 — Zittau GER
1955 — Schindler, Leo vs Kahn, Manfred — 0-1 — Zwickau
1955 — Donovan, Jeremiah vs Myers, Hugh — 1-0 — Long Beach, CA USA
1956 — Szobi, Tibor vs Filep, Tibor — 0-1 — Debrecen HUN

3…e5 — 4.7% (61 parties)

1978 — Abrahams, Steven vs Alexopoulos, Georgios 94 — 0-1 — Windsor, England
1990 — Turunen, Tuomo vs Olkinuora, Hannu — 1/2-1/2 — ?
1991 — Schouten, Nico vs Sijbesma, Rienk — 0-1 — Dieren op
1993 — D`amico, Gabriele vs Trum, Lionel — 1-0 — Luxembourg
1994 — Almand, K. vs Jaquest, K. — 0-1 — corr CompuServe

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