Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	—
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	● f2→g3, h2→g3	● e7→d6, f7→g6, h7→g6
Passés	—	—
Majorité	● aile dame 3v2	—

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	● e4 (2v1), ● f4 (2v0), ● b5 (3v0), ● d5 (3v1)	● g4 (2v0), ● e5 (2v0), ● f5 (2v1)
Cases faibles	—	—
Centre	● d5 (3v1), ● e4 (2v1)	● e5 (2v0)

Colonnes et diagonales

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Semi-ouvertes	● d	● c

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bc1	● Bc1 Non développé (mob. 5)
Bg2	● Bg2 Actif (mob. 6)
Bg7		● Bg7 Ok (mob. 2)
Bc8		● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 5)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Non développées	2 (● c1, ● a1)	2 (● c8, ● a8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Roqué	● Roqué
Droits de roque	—	—

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	mobile
Ruptures	● c4-c5	● …d6-d5

A39g — English: Symmetrical, Main Line 7.d4, 8…d6

1.c4 c5 2.Nc3 Nc6 3.g3 g6 4.Bg2 Bg7 5.Nf3 Nf6 6.O-O O-O 7.d4 cxd4 8.Nxd4 d6 * ○ Trait aux Blancs

Ouverture — Centre mobile

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

abcdefgh

Plan principal. Jeu au centre (rupture c4-c5).

Atouts. Les Blancs s'appuient sur une majorité de pions à l'aile dame (3 contre 2), un contrôle dominant de e4, f4, b5 et d5, un fou actif en g2 et la colonne semi-ouverte d.

En contrepartie. Plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le fou c1 et la tour a1).

Plans. Nxc6 (Menace d8 — 60 % des parties) ; Nc2 (27 % des parties) ; e3 (Solidifier le centre — 6 % des parties).

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

hgfedcba

Plan principal. Jeu au centre (rupture d6-d5).

Atouts. Les Noirs s'appuient sur un contrôle dominant de g4, e5 et f5 et la colonne semi-ouverte c.

En contrepartie. Plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le fou c8 et la tour a8).

Plans. ...Be6 (Fou actif (mobilité 7), Développer c8 — 16 % des parties) ; ...Bd7 (Fou actif (mobilité 6), Développer c8 — 8 % des parties).

Avantages

Faiblesses

Diagonale active

Plans

Partie
1964 Bordeaux Open – Round 10 – Forintos, Gyozo V – 1/2-1/2 – Gheorghiu, Florin – G38 1. Nf3 c5 2. g3 Nc6 3. c4 g6 4. Nc3 Bg7 5. Bg2 Nf6 6. d4 cxd4 7. Nxd4 O-O 8. O-O d6 9. e3 Bd7 10. b3 Qc8
1964 Chigorin Memorial – Round 1 – Krogius, Nikolai V – 1/2-1/2 – Kholmov, Ratmir D – G6 1. Nf3 c5 2. c4 Nf6 3. g3 Nc6 4. Bg2 g6 5. O-O Bg7 6. Nc3 O-O 7. d4 cxd4 8. Nxd4 d6 9. Nxc6 bxc6 10. Bxc6 Rb8
1964 Hastings6465 – Round 1 – Mardle, Denis – 0-1 – Gheorghiu, Florin – G1 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. Nf3 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nc6 5. g3 g6 6. Bg2 Bg7 7. O-O O-O 8. Nc3 d6 9. Nxc6 bxc6 10. Bxc6 Rb8
1964 Hoogovens Beverwijk NED – Round 1 – Darga, Klaus – 0-1 – Larsen, Benjamin Holsko – G27 1. d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 g6 3. c4 Bg7 4. g3 c5 5. Bg2 cxd4 6. Nxd4 Nc6 7. O-O O-O 8. Nc3 d6 9. b3 Qa5 10. Bb2 Bd7
1964 Kecskemet zt – Round 1 – Pachman, Ludek – 1/2-1/2 – Szabo, Ladislav – G4 1. c4 g6 2. g3 Bg7 3. Bg2 c5 4. Nc3 Nc6 5. Nf3 d6 6. O-O Nf6 7. d4 cxd4 8. Nxd4 O-O 9. Nc2 Qa5 10. Bd2 Qh5
1964 Kiev ch-URS – Round 1 – Petrosian, Tigran V – 0-1 – Kholmov, Ratmir D – G3 1. c4 c5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. g3 g6 5. Bg2 Bg7 6. O-O O-O 7. d4 cxd4 8. Nxd4 d6 9. e3 Bd7 10. b3 Qc8
1964 Pecs – Round 15 – Kholmov, Ratmir D – 1/2-1/2 – Haag, Ervin – G90 1. c4 c5 2. Nc3 g6 3. g3 Bg7 4. Bg2 Nc6 5. Nf3 Nf6 6. O-O O-O 7. d4 cxd4 8. Nxd4 d6 9. Nxc6 bxc6 10. Bxc6 Rb8
1965 Hamburg etc – Round 6 – Henneberke, Frans – 1/2-1/2 – Nacu, Adrian – G100 1. c4 g6 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. d4 Bg7 4. g3 O-O 5. Bg2 c5 6. O-O cxd4 7. Nxd4 Nc6 8. Nc3 d6 9. Nxc6 bxc6 10. Rb1 Bf5
1966 Den Haag zt – Round 7 – Pfleger, Helmut, Dr. – 1/2-1/2 – Velimirovic, Dragoljub – G37 1. c4 Nf6 2. Nc3 g6 3. g3 Bg7 4. Bg2 O-O 5. Nf3 c5 6. O-O Nc6 7. d4 cxd4 8. Nxd4 d6 9. Nxc6 bxc6 10. Bxc6 Rb8
1966 Kecskemet Laszlo Toth Memorial – Round 6 – Hort, Vlastimil – 1-0 – Padevsky, Nikola – G22 1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. g3 g6 4. Bg2 Bg7 5. Nc3 O-O 6. O-O Nc6 7. d4 cxd4 8. Nxd4 d6 9. Nxc6 bxc6 10. Bxc6 Rb8
1967 Dundee Centenary – Round 6 – Larsen, Bent – 1-0 – Kottnauer, Cenek – G10 1. c4 g6 2. g3 Bg7 3. Bg2 Nf6 4. Nc3 O-O 5. Nf3 c5 6. O-O d6 7. d4 cxd4 8. Nxd4 Nc6 9. Nxc6 bxc6 10. Bxc6 Rb8
1967 Sochi – Round 13 – Langeweg, Kick – 0-1 – Krogius, Nikolai V – G101 1. c4 Nf6 2. Nf3 g6 3. g3 Bg7 4. Bg2 O-O 5. O-O c5 6. Nc3 Nc6 7. d4 cxd4 8. Nxd4 d6 9. Nc2 Qa5 10. Bd2 Qh5
1968 URS Team Ch – Round 1 – Polugaevsky, Lev – 1/2-1/2 – Zaitsev, Igor A – G198 1. Nf3 Nf6 2. g3 c5 3. Bg2 g6 4. c4 Bg7 5. O-O Nc6 6. d4 cxd4 7. Nxd4 O-O 8. Nc3 d6 9. Nxc6 bxc6 10. Bxc6 Rb8
1975 Portoroz/Ljubljana – Round 1 – Barle, Janez – 1/2-1/2 – Parma, Bruno – G114 1. Nf3 Nf6 2. g3 c5 3. Bg2 Nc6 4. O-O g6 5. c4 Bg7 6. d4 cxd4 7. Nxd4 O-O 8. Nc3 d6 9. Nxc6 bxc6 10. Qa4 Bd7
1975 Portoroz/Ljubljana – Round 2 – Karnar, Marijan – 1/2-1/2 – Musil, Vitezslav – G8 1. c4 Nf6 2. Nc3 c5 3. g3 g6 4. Bg2 Bg7 5. Nf3 Nc6 6. d4 cxd4 7. Nxd4 O-O 8. O-O d6 9. Nc2 Be6 10. b3 Qd7
20. European Teams 2015 – Round 9.3 – Gagunashvili, Merab – 1/2-1/2 – Melkumyan, Hrant – G390 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nf3 Bg7 4. g3 O-O 5. Bg2 c5 6. O-O cxd4 7. Nxd4 Nc6 8. Nc3 d6 9. Nxc6 bxc6 10. Bxc6 Rb8
2024 SuperUnited Rapid & Blitz Croatia – Round 11 – Giri Anish – 1/2-1/2 – Saric Ivan – G52 1. c4 c5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. g3 g6 5. Bg2 Bg7 6. d4 cxd4 7. Nxd4 O-O 8. O-O d6 9. Nxc6 bxc6 10. Bxc6 Rb8
42. Olympiad 2016 – Round 1.19 – Mchedlishvili, Mikheil – 1/2-1/2 – Wynn, Zaw Htun – G24 1. c4 c5 2. Nf3 g6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 Nc6 6. g3 Bg7 7. Bg2 O-O 8. O-O d6 9. Nxc6 bxc6 10. Bxc6 Bh3
42. Olympiad 2016 – Round 10.25 – Baburin, Alexander – 1/2-1/2 – Ragger, Markus – G721 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nf3 Bg7 4. g3 c5 5. Bg2 cxd4 6. Nxd4 O-O 7. O-O Nc6 8. Nc3 d6 9. Nxc6 bxc6 10. Bxc6 Rb8
Amber-rapid 6th 1997 – Round 1 – Karpov, Anatoly – 1/2-1/2 – Topalov, Veselin – G4 1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. g3 c5 4. Bg2 Bg7 5. O-O Nc6 6. d4 cxd4 7. Nxd4 O-O 8. Nc3 d6 9. Nxc6 bxc6 10. Bxc6 Rb8
Amber-rapid 6th 1997 – Round 4 – Kramnik, Vladimir – 1/2-1/2 – Topalov, Veselin – G22 1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. Nc3 Nc6 4. g3 g6 5. Bg2 Bg7 6. d4 cxd4 7. Nxd4 O-O 8. O-O d6 9. Nxc6 bxc6 10. Bxc6 Rb8
FIDE-Wch k.o. 1997 – Round 2.2 – Akopian, Vladimir – 1-0 – Luther, Thomas – G75 1. c4 c5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. Nc3 Nc6 4. g3 g6 5. Bg2 Bg7 6. d4 cxd4 7. Nxd4 O-O 8. O-O d6 9. Nc2 h5 10. Bg5 Be6
Palma De Mallorca GP 2017 – Round 5.3 – Jakovenko, Dmitry – 1/2-1/2 – Svidler, Peter – G39 1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. Nc3 Nc6 4. g3 g6 5. Bg2 Bg7 6. O-O O-O 7. d4 cxd4 8. Nxd4 d6 9. e3 Bg4 10. Qd2 Qd7
World Blitz 2015 – Round 12.28 – Huzman, Alexander – 0-1 – Melkumyan, Hrant – G737 1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. Nc3 Nc6 4. g3 g6 5. d4 cxd4 6. Nxd4 Bg7 7. Bg2 O-O 8. O-O d6 9. e3 Bg4 10. f3 Bd7
World Blitz 2015 – Round 4.32 – Fridman, Daniel – 0-1 – Melkumyan, Hrant – G234 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. g3 Bg7 4. Bg2 c5 5. Nf3 cxd4 6. Nxd4 Nc6 7. Nc3 O-O 8. O-O d6 9. e3 Bg4 10. Qd2 Qd7

A39g — Symmetrical, Main Line 7.d4 (1942)

1.c4 c5 2.Nc3 Nc6 3.g3 g6 4.Bg2 Bg7 5.Nf3 Nf6 6.O-O O-O 7.d4 cxd4 8.Nxd4 d6

Les coups candidats

9.Nxc6 — 60.1% (863 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Vaulin, Alexander P. (7x), Szieberth, Adam (7x), Sermek, Drazen (5x), Trauth, Michael, Dr. (5x), Loeffler, Stefan (4x), Klipper, Rebecca (4x), Ghitescu, Theodor (3x), Reeh, Oliver (3x)

9.Nc2 — 22.3% (320 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Luther, Thomas (5x), Krogius, Nikolai V (4x), Loginov, Valery A (4x), Liebert, Heinz (3x), Danailov, Silvio (2x), Osnos, Viatcheslav (2x), Pribyl, Josef (2x), Portisch, Lajos (2x)

9.e3 — 6.8% (97 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Melkumyan, Hrant (3x), Szekely, Peter (2x), Fridman, Daniel (2x), Huzman, Alexander (2x), Forintos, Gyozo V (1x), Gheorghiu, Florin (1x), Peterson, Andrejs (1x), Kholmov, Ratmir D (1x)

9.b3 — 4.3% (62 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Vadasz, Laszlo (2x), Vokroj, Rene (2x), Szieberth, Adam (2x), Balogh, Tomas (2x), Schatz, Christian (2x), Darga, Klaus (1x), Larsen, Bent Ravn (1x), Keitlinghaus, Ludger (1x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	9.Nxc6	9.Nc2	9.e3	9.b3
<1800	40	82%	18%	—	—
1800-2200	520	65%	15%	7%	4%
2200-2600	753	55%	28%	7%	5%
2600+	29	59%	17%	21%	—

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	9.Nxc6	9.Nc2	9.e3	9.b3
1960s	25	52%	32%	8%	4%
1970s	45	53%	36%	7%	—
1980s	62	66%	21%	3%	5%
1990s	272	60%	21%	6%	6%
2000s	317	59%	23%	9%	3%
2010s	518	61%	22%	6%	4%
2020s	196	61%	19%	8%	7%

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
9.Nxc6	61%	61%	-0.5%
9.Nc2	22%	19%	▼ -3.3%
9.e3	6%	8%	▲ +1.7%
9.b3	4%	7%	▲ +3.5%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Karpov, Anatoly — 2 parties
Tal, Mikhail — 1 partie
Kramnik, Vladimir — 1 partie
Botvinnik, Mikhail — 1 partie
Hou, Yifan — 1 partie

Parties historiques

9.Nxc6 — 60.1% (863 parties)

1963 — Brinck-Claussen, Bjorn vs Lengyel, Laszlo — 1-0 — Hastings ENG
1964 — Kholmov, Ratmir D vs Haag, Ervin — 1/2-1/2 — Pecs
1964 — Mardle, Denis vs Gheorghiu, Florin — 0-1 — Hastings ENG
1964 — Atamanov, Andrey vs ? — 1/2-1/2 — ?
1964 — Krogius, Nikolai V vs Kholmov, Ratmir D — 1/2-1/2 — Sochi RUS

9.Nc2 — 22.3% (320 parties)

1964 — Pachman, Ludek vs Szabo, Laszlo — 1/2-1/2 — Kecskemet HUN
1966 — Averbakh, Yuri L vs Shamkovich, Leonid — 1-0 — Moscow Training
1967 — Langeweg, Kick vs Krogius, Nikolai V — 0-1 — Sochi RUS
1968 — Ek, Hans vs Gaprindashvili, Nona — 1-0 — Goteborg SWE
1968 — Shashin, Alexsander A vs Bokuchava, Alexander — 0-1 — ?

9.e3 — 6.8% (97 parties)

1964 — Forintos, Gyozo V vs Gheorghiu, Florin — 1/2-1/2 — Bordeaux FRA
1964 — Peterson, Andrejs vs Kholmov, Ratmir D — 0-1 — Kiev ch-URS
1970 — Maltsev, Leonid vs Pinchuk, Sergey T — 1-0 — ?
1973 — Marszalek, Rafal vs Doda, Zbigniew — 1/2-1/2 — Gdynia POL
1979 — Robertson, PC. vs Cafferty, Bernard — 0-1 — ?

9.b3 — 4.3% (62 parties)

1964 — Darga, Klaus vs Larsen, Bent Ravn — 0-1 — Hoogovens Beverwijk NED
1987 — Gruen, Gerd-Peter vs Wenzel, Reinhard — 1-0 — Muenster GER
1988 — Schulz, Klaus-Juergen vs Klundt, Klaus — 1/2-1/2 — Duitsland tt
1989 — Keitlinghaus, Ludger vs Haliamanis, Georgios — 1-0 — Athens GRE
1990 — Mattern, Markus vs Peterson, Emery — 1/2-1/2 — Polch

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