E12 — Queen's Indian Defense: Kasparov-Petrosian Variation, Marco Defense

1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 b6 4. a3 Bb7 5. Nc3 Be7 ○ Trait aux Blancs

Ouverture — Centre mobile

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

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Plans. d5 (Occuper le centre — 63 % des parties) ; Qc2 (Prépare O-O-O — 14 % des parties) ; e3 (Libérer Bf1, préparer Bd3 — 8 % des parties) ; Bg5 (Fou actif (mobilité 7), Développer c1 — 7 % des parties).

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

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Plans. ...O-O (Mettre le roi en sécurité, connecter les tours — 46 % des parties) ; ...d6 (Solidifier le centre, libérer le fou — 18 % des parties) ; ...d5 (Occuper le centre — 10 % des parties).

Avantages

Faiblesses

Diagonale active

Plans

+0.88 avantage blanc. Base Masters : Blancs 54.5%, Nulles 26.3%, Noirs 19.3%.

Coups candidats

auto

Analyse coup par coup — 10 demi-coups commentés

1.d4 Avancée centrale — contrôle c5, e5. Prépare c4, e4, Nc3.
1…Nf6 Contrôle e4, d5.
2.c4 Avancée centrale — contrôle b5, d5. Prépare d4, Nc3, e4.
2…e6 Avancée centrale — contrôle d5, f5. Prépare d5, Be7, Bd6.
3.Nf3 Contrôle f4, c5, d5, e5.
3…b6 Prépare le fianchetto du Fou (Bb7).
4.a3 Coup prophylactique — empêche Nb4, Bb4. Prépare b4.
4…Bb7 Contrôle e4, c5, d5, f5.
5.Nc3 Contrôle e4, f4, c5, d5.
5…Be7 Contrôle e4, c5, d5, f5.

Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	—
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	● b2→a3	● a7→b6, c7→b6, d7→e6, f7→e6
Passés	—	—
Majorité	—	—

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	● b5 (2v0), ● e5 (2v0), ● g5 (2v0)	● e4 (2v1)
Cases faibles	—	—
Centre	● d4 (2v0), ● e5 (2v0)	● d5 (3v2), ● e4 (2v1)

Colonnes et diagonales

♔ Blancs

♚ Noirs

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bc1	● Bc1 Non développé (mob. 5)
Bf1	● Bf1 Non développé (mob. 0)
Bb7		● Bb7 Actif (mob. 6)
Be7		● Be7 Actif (mob. 5)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Non développées	4 (● c1, ● f1, ● a1, ● h1)	3 (● b8, ● a8, ● h8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Au centre	● Au centre
Droits de roque	O-O / O-O-O	O-O / O-O-O

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	mobile
Ruptures	● c4-c5, ● d4-d5	● …c7-c5, ● …d7-d5, ● …e6-e5

Partie
1921 The Hague – Round 3 – Davidson Gallego, Jorge – 1/2-1/2 – D Marco, Gianni – G15 1. d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 b6 3. c4 Bb7 4. Nc3 e6 5. a3 Be7 6. Qc2 c5 7. e4 cxd4 8. Nxd4 Nc6 9. Nxc6 dxc6 10. Bf4 Nd7
1926 Berlin – Round 1 – Ahues, Carl – 0-1 – Gruenfeld, Ernst – G26 1. d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 e6 3. c4 b6 4. Nc3 Bb7 5. a3 Be7 6. e3 O-O 7. Bd3 d5 8. O-O dxc4 9. Bxc4 Nbd7 10. Qe2 c5
1932 Pasadena – Round 1 – Factor, Samuel D – 0-1 – Steiner, Herman – G12 1. d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 e6 3. a3 b6 4. c4 Bb7 5. Nc3 Be7 6. Qc2 d5 7. Bf4 a6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. e3 Nbd7 10. Bd3 O-O
1935 Warsaw ol Warsaw POL – Round 8 – Alekhine, Alexander – 1/2-1/2 – Steiner, Lajos – G14 1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 b6 3. Nc3 Bb7 4. d4 e6 5. a3 Be7 6. Bf4 O-O 7. Qc2 Nh5 8. Bd2 f5 9. e3 d6 10. Bd3 g6
1936 Podebrady – Round ? – Pirc, Vasja – 1/2-1/2 – Eliskases, Erich – G100 1. d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 b6 3. c4 Bb7 4. Nc3 e6 5. a3 Be7 6. Bf4 O-O 7. e3 d6 8. Bd3 c5 9. O-O Nh5 10. Bg3 f5
1937 BCF Ch 30th – Round 1 – Fairhurst, William – 1-0 – Blow, Ronald – G2 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 b6 4. Nc3 Bb7 5. a3 Be7 6. d5 b5 7. dxe6 fxe6 8. Nxb5 O-O 9. g3 Ne4 10. Bg2 a6
1940 Bad Elster – Round 1 – Saemisch, Friedrich – 0-1 – Normann, C. – G1 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. a3 b6 4. Nc3 Bb7 5. Nf3 Be7 6. Qc2 d5 7. Bg5 Nbd7 8. e3 O-O 9. cxd5 Nxd5 10. Bxe7 Qxe7
1946 Londen I – Round 9 – List, Paul – 0-1 – Opocensky, Karel – G25 1. d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 e6 3. c4 b6 4. a3 Bb7 5. Nc3 Be7 6. g3 d5 7. Bg2 O-O 8. Ne5 c5 9. cxd5 Nxd5 10. O-O Nxc3
1948 GER Ch Essen GER – Round 2 – Nuernberg, Friedrich – 1-0 – Kieninger, Georg – G2 1. d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 e6 3. c4 b6 4. a3 Bb7 5. Nc3 Be7 6. Bg5 Ne4 7. Bxe7 Qxe7 8. Qc2 f5 9. Nd2 Nxd2 10. Qxd2 d6
1949 JUG Ch – Round 7 – Puc, Stojan – 1/2-1/2 – Simonovic, Borko – G33 1. d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 e6 3. c4 b6 4. a3 Bb7 5. Nc3 Be7 6. b4 O-O 7. Bb2 d5 8. c5 bxc5 9. bxc5 Ba6 10. g3 c6
1950 Sorrento ch ITA – Round 2 – Primavera, Giuseppe – 0-1 – Napolitano, Mario – G2 1. d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 b6 3. c4 e6 4. a3 Bb7 5. Nc3 Be7 6. Qc2 c5 7. e4 cxd4 8. Nxd4 d6 9. Be2 Nc6 10. Nxc6 Bxc6
1960 Leipzig olm fin-A – Round 6 – Pietzsch, Wolfgang – 1-0 – Golombek, Harry – G101 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 b6 4. Nc3 Bb7 5. a3 Be7 6. d5 exd5 7. cxd5 O-O 8. e4 Re8 9. Be2 Bd6 10. Bg5 h6
1960 Leipzig olm prel – Round 2 – Petrosian, Tigran A. – 1-0 – Seth BC – G53 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 b6 4. Nc3 Bb7 5. a3 Be7 6. d5 O-O 7. e4 d6 8. Nd4 c5 9. Nc2 Re8 10. Bd3 e5
1961 Marianske Lazne zt – Round 10 – Johannessen, Svein – 1-0 – Szabo, Ladislav – G70 1. d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 b6 3. c4 e6 4. Nc3 Bb7 5. a3 Be7 6. d5 d6 7. g3 e5 8. Bg2 O-O 9. e4 Nbd7 10. O-O Ne8
1961 Maroczy Memorial Budapest HUN – Round 1 – Uhlmann, Wolfgang – 1-0 – Kluger, Gyula – G25 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 b6 4. Nc3 Bb7 5. a3 Be7 6. d5 O-O 7. e4 d6 8. Be2 c6 9. dxe6 fxe6 10. O-O c5
1961 Zuerich – Round 2 – Petrosian, Tigran A. – 0-1 – Keres, Paul – G9 1. c4 Nf6 2. d4 e6 3. Nf3 b6 4. Nc3 Bb7 5. a3 Be7 6. d5 d6 7. e4 c6 8. dxe6 fxe6 9. Ng5 Bc8 10. f4 O-O
1962 Varna – Round 1 – Bolbochan, J. – 1-0 – Golombek, Harry – G2 1. c4 Nf6 2. Nf3 b6 3. d4 e6 4. a3 Bb7 5. Nc3 Be7 6. d5 exd5 7. cxd5 O-O 8. g3 Re8 9. Bg2 Bf8 10. O-O c5
1962 Varna olm – Round 7 – Bolbochan, Julio – 1-0 – Golombek, Harry – G283 1. c4 Nf6 2. Nf3 b6 3. d4 e6 4. a3 Bb7 5. Nc3 Be7 6. d5 exd5 7. cxd5 O-O 8. g3 Re8 9. Bg2 Bf8 10. O-O c5
1966 CSR Ch Int 1st – Round 3 – Malich, Burkhard, Dr. – 0-1 – Novak, Ervin – G15 1. d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 e6 3. c4 b6 4. Nc3 Bb7 5. a3 Be7 6. d5 d6 7. e4 O-O 8. Bd3 Nfd7 9. O-O Bf6 10. Bd2 c5
1966 Harrachov – Round 3 – Malich, Burkhard, Dr. – 0-1 – Novak, Ivan – G9 1. d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 e6 3. c4 b6 4. Nc3 Bb7 5. a3 Be7 6. d5 d6 7. e4 O-O 8. Bd3 Nfd7 9. O-O Bf6 10. Bd2 c5
1966 La Habana olm fin-A – Round 13 – Ghitescu, Theodor – 1/2-1/2 – Szabo, Ladislav – G241 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 b6 4. Nc3 Bb7 5. a3 Be7 6. d5 d6 7. e4 e5 8. Be2 O-O 9. O-O Nbd7 10. b4 Ne8
1966 La Habana olm fin-B – Round 3 – Prameshuber, Alexander – 1-0 – Cuartas, Carlos Enrique – G46 1. d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 e6 3. c4 b6 4. a3 Bb7 5. Nc3 Be7 6. d5 O-O 7. e4 exd5 8. exd5 Re8 9. Be2 Na6 10. O-O Nc5
1966 Moscow RUS – Round ? – Yudovich, Mikhail M – 1/2-1/2 – Ageichenko, Genadi A – G9 1. c4 Nf6 2. Nc3 b6 3. d4 Bb7 4. Nf3 e6 5. a3 Be7 6. d5 d6 7. e4 O-O 8. Be2 c5 9. O-O exd5 10. cxd5 Re8
1966 Parcetic Memorial 2nd – Round 8 – Malich, Burkhard, Dr. – 1/2-1/2 – Blatny, Frantisek – G33 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 b6 4. a3 Bb7 5. Nc3 Be7 6. d5 O-O 7. e4 d6 8. Bd3 e5 9. O-O Nbd7 10. b4 a5
1966 Rio Hondo zt – Round 13 – Bolbochan, J. – 1-0 – Mecking, Henrique – G78 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 b6 4. a3 Bb7 5. Nc3 Be7 6. d5 O-O 7. g3 Re8 8. Bg2 Bf8 9. O-O e5 10. e4 d6
1967 Hastings6768 – Round 6 – Keene, Raymond D – 1/2-1/2 – Ostojic, Predrag – G26 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 b6 3. Nc3 Bb7 4. Nf3 e6 5. a3 Be7 6. d5 O-O 7. e4 d6 8. Bd3 c5 9. O-O exd5 10. cxd5 Nbd7
1967 Maribor – Round 2 – Minev, Nikolay N – 1/2-1/2 – Unzicker, Wolfgang – G14 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 b6 4. a3 Bb7 5. Nc3 Be7 6. d5 d6 7. e4 O-O 8. Be2 c6 9. dxe6 fxe6 10. e5 dxe5
1967 Toronto Closed – Round 6 – Grimshaw, David – 1-0 – Sarosy, Zoltan L – G6 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 b6 4. a3 Bb7 5. Nc3 Be7 6. d5 O-O 7. e4 d6 8. Be2 Nbd7 9. b4 e5 10. O-O a5
1968 Meldorf U26 – Round 13 – Nehmert, Ulrich – 1/2-1/2 – Tompa, Janos – G51 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 b6 4. Nc3 Bb7 5. a3 Be7 6. d5 O-O 7. e4 d6 8. Bd3 Nfd7 9. O-O Bf6 10. Be3 Bxc3
1968 SWE Ch – Round 5 – Brostrom, Goran – 1-0 – Fridh, Anton – G10 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 b6 4. Nc3 Bb7 5. a3 Be7 6. d5 O-O 7. e4 d6 8. Be2 exd5 9. exd5 Nbd7 10. O-O Re8
1969 DSV-Turnier – Round 2 – Malich, Burkhard, Dr. – 1/2-1/2 – Mista, Ladislav – G7 1. d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 e6 3. c4 b6 4. Nc3 Bb7 5. a3 Be7 6. d5 exd5 7. cxd5 O-O 8. e4 Re8 9. Be2 Bf8 10. e5 Ng4
1975 URS Team Ch – Round 1 – Yuferov, Sergey N – 0-1 – Rytov, Boris – G149 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 b6 4. a3 Bb7 5. Nc3 Be7 6. d5 exd5 7. cxd5 O-O 8. e4 d6 9. Bd3 Nbd7 10. O-O Ne5
41. Olympiad Open 2014 – Round 11.13 – Van Wely, Loek – 1-0 – Latorre, Matias – G760 1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 b6 3. Nc3 Bb7 4. d4 e6 5. a3 Be7 6. d5 O-O 7. g3 d6 8. Bg2 e5 9. O-O h6 10. b4 Nbd7
FIDE Grand Swiss 2025 – Round 9 – Harikrishna Pentala – 1-0 – Abdisalimov Abdimalik – G501 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 b6 4. a3 Bb7 5. Nc3 Be7 6. d5 O-O 7. e4 exd5 8. cxd5 Re8 9. Bd3 c6 10. O-O cxd5
World Blitz 2016 – Round 19.19 – Mchedlishvili, Mikheil – 1/2-1/2 – Bu, Xiangzhi – G746 1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. d4 b6 4. a3 Bb7 5. Nc3 Be7 6. d5 O-O 7. e4 exd5 8. cxd5 Re8 9. Be2 Bf8 10. e5 Ng4

E12j — Kasparov-Petrosian Variation, Marco Defense (1921)

1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nf3 b6 4.a3 Bb7 5.Nc3 Be7

Les coups candidats

6.d5 — 62.8% (2041 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Bernal Varela, Nelson (9x), Malich, Burkhard, Dr. (8x), Browne, Walter Shawn (6x), Spassov, Liuben (6x), Blocker, Calvin (5x), Servaty, Rudolf (4x), Javakhishvili, Lela (4x), Petrosian, Tigran V. (3x)

6.Qc2 — 13.8% (450 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Jazbinsek, Sebastjan (3x), Nayhebaver, Semen (3x), Sorensen, Hampus (3x), Devine, Christopher (2x), Di Lascio, Savino (2x), Vereggen, Lars (2x), Simon, Tamas (2x), Primavera, Giuseppe (1x)

6.e3 — 8.3% (269 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Cors, Heinz-Friedrich (2x), Peev, Peicho (1x), Thorsteinsson, Bjorn (1x), Rodriguez, Alberto (1x), Visconti, Adriano (1x), Garcia Del Campo, Luis Alberto (1x), Sobrino Garcia, Raul (1x), Palenius, Jarmo (1x)

6.Bg5 — 6.8% (222 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Caetano, Hugo Zanotti Mendonca (3x), Mueller, Anja (2x), Falck, W. (1x), Reissmann, Wilfried (1x), Leopold, W. (1x), Sandrin, Albert (1x), Radosevic, Milos (1x), Lange, Manfred, Dr. (1x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	6.d5	6.Qc2	6.e3	6.Bg5
<1800	213	46%	19%	13%	11%
1800-2200	1661	57%	16%	10%	8%
2200-2600	936	78%	10%	3%	5%
2600+	5	80%	—	—	—

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	6.d5	6.Qc2	6.e3	6.Bg5
1950s	2	—	50%	50%	—
1960s	29	93%	—	3%	—
1970s	58	93%	—	3%	3%
1980s	194	79%	7%	7%	3%
1990s	547	63%	11%	10%	6%
2000s	1002	60%	15%	8%	9%
2010s	1131	60%	17%	8%	6%
2020s	289	62%	13%	7%	8%

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
6.d5	60%	62%	▲ +2.8%
6.Qc2	17%	13%	▼ -4.2%
6.e3	8%	7%	▼ -1.8%
6.Bg5	6%	8%	▲ +1.5%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Karpov, Anatoly — 2 parties

Parties historiques

6.d5 — 62.8% (2041 parties)

1960 — Petrosian, Tigran V. vs Seth BC — 1-0 — Leipzig olm
1960 — Pietzsch, Wolfgang vs Golombek, Harry — 1-0 — Leipzig GER
1961 — Petrosian, Tigran V. vs Keres, Paul — 0-1 — Zurich SUI
1961 — Johannessen, Svein vs Szabo, Laszlo — 1-0 — Marianske Lazne
1961 — Petrosian, Tigran V. vs Keres, Paul — 0-1 — Zurich SUI

6.Qc2 — 13.8% (450 parties)

1950 — Primavera, Giuseppe vs Napolitano, Mario — 0-1 — Sorrento ch ITA
1981 — Szeles, Karoly vs Czeripp, Gyorgy — 1/2-1/2 — Budapest HUN
1983 — Birkmeier, Steve vs Wall, Alejandro — 1-0 — Cleveland, OH USA
1983 — Costianovsky, Ricardo vs Sanchez, Marcelo — 1/2-1/2 — St Rosa
1984 — Junkkaala vs Rasanen, Elmeri — 0-1 — corr ch-SF snr

6.e3 — 8.3% (269 parties)

1959 — Rodriguez, Alberto vs Visconti, Adriano — 1-0 — Argentina
1968 — Peev, Peicho vs Thorsteinsson, Bjorn — 1/2-1/2 — Lugano SUI
1971 — Basic, Sokolov vs Burkitbayev, Serik — 1/2-1/2 — Pula CRO
1972 — Holm, Sejer vs Schammo, Jean — 1-0 — Skopje MKD
1981 — Szollosi, Laszlo Sr vs Kamaras, Peter — 1/2-1/2 — Budapest HUN

6.Bg5 — 6.8% (222 parties)

1973 — Leopold, W. vs Sandrin, Albert — 0-1 — US Open
1977 — Radosevic, Milos vs Lange, Manfred, Dr. — 1-0 — Pang
1985 — Soarez, Saulo vs Antona Schwarze, Lorenzo Alexander — 0-1 — ?
1987 — Saritha, M. Reddy vs Saefstroem, Annika — 1-0 — Innsbruck AUT
1987 — Molinari Miguel Angel vs Acevedo, Gonzalo — 1/2-1/2 — Chivilcoy

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