D88f — Gruenfeld: Classical Exchange, Main Line, 11.cxd4 Na5 12.Bd3

1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 d5 4.cxd5 Nxd5 5.e4 Nxc3 6.bxc3 Bg7 7.Bc4 O-O 8.Ne2 c5 9.O-O Nc6 10.Be3 cxd4 11.cxd4 Na5 12.Bd3 * ● Trait aux Noirs

Ouverture — Centre semi-ouvert

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

abcdefgh

Plan principal. Exploiter la case forte f4.

Atouts. Les Blancs s'appuient sur une majorité de pions à l'centre (2 contre 1), la case forte f4, des fous actifs en d3 et e3, la paire de fous et la colonne semi-ouverte b.

Côté adverse. Le fou enfermé en c8.

En contrepartie. Le pion isolé a2.

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

hgfedcba

Plan principal. Jeu au centre (rupture e7-e6).

Atouts. Les Noirs s'appuient sur une majorité de pions à l'aile_dame (2 contre 1), un fou actif en g7, la paire de fous et la colonne semi-ouverte d.

Côté adverse. Le pion isolé a2.

En contrepartie. Plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le fou c8 et la tour a8).

Plans. ...e6 (Rupture) ; ...e5 (Rupture) ; ...f6 (Rupture).

Avantages

Faiblesses adverses

Diagonale active

Plans

Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	—
Pions isolés	● a2	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	—	● f7→g6, h7→g6
Passés	—	—
Majorité	● centre 2v1	● aile_dame 2v1

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	● f4 (2v0)	—
Cases faibles	● d4	—
Centre	● e4 (1v0)	—

Colonnes et diagonales

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Ouvertes	● c	● c
Semi-ouvertes	● b	● d

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bd3	● Bd3 Actif (mob. 5)
Be3	● Be3 Actif (mob. 5)
Bg7		● Bg7 Actif (mob. 5)
Bc8		● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 5)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Non développées	1 (● a1)	2 (● c8, ● a8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Roqué	● Roqué
Droits de roque	—	—

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	semi-ouvert
Ruptures	● d4-d5, ● e4-e5, ● f2-f3	● …e7-e6, ● …e7-e5, ● …f7-f6, ● …f7-f5

Partie
1940 Ch URS Moscow RUS – Round 12 – Lisitsin, Georgy – 1-0 – Mikenas, Vladas – G9 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 c5 7. Bc4 Bg7 8. Ne2 O-O 9. O-O cxd4 10. cxd4 Nc6
1940 Kiev – Round 1 – Bondarevsky, Igor – 1-0 – Pogrebissky, Iosif – G17 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 c5 7. Bc4 Bg7 8. Ne2 O-O 9. O-O Nc6 10. Be3 cxd4
1949 Copenhagen – Round 1 – Pedersen, Eigil – 1-0 – Poulsen, Christian – G5 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 c5 7. Bc4 Bg7 8. Ne2 cxd4 9. cxd4 Nc6 10. Be3 O-O
1949 Moscow RUS – Round 1 – Simagin, Vladimir – 1/2-1/2 – Fridstein, German – G12 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 c5 7. Bc4 Bg7 8. Ne2 cxd4 9. cxd4 Nc6 10. Be3 O-O
1950 Dubrovnik olm – Round 1 – Enevoldsen, Harald – 0-1 – Aguilar Flores, Renata Camila – G23 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 c5 7. Be3 Bg7 8. Bc4 Nc6 9. Ne2 cxd4 10. cxd4 O-O
1950 Dubrovnik olm – Round 4 – Gligorić, Svetozar – 1-0 – Skold, Kristian – G49 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 c5 7. Bc4 Bg7 8. Ne2 O-O 9. O-O Nc6 10. Be3 Na5
1950 FRG Ch Bad Pyrmont GER – Round 14 – Kieninger, Georg – 1/2-1/2 – Machate, Gottlieb – G42 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Bc4 c5 8. Ne2 Nc6 9. Be3 cxd4 10. cxd4 O-O
1951 Bucharest GMT 2nd – Round 5 – Troianescu, Octav – 1/2-1/2 – Molnar, Imre – G17 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 c5 7. Bc4 Bg7 8. Ne2 O-O 9. O-O cxd4 10. cxd4 Nc6
1951 Hastings5152 – Round 5 – Barden, Leonard – 1/2-1/2 – Yanofsky, Daniel Abraham – G20 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 c5 7. Bc4 Bg7 8. Ne2 O-O 9. O-O cxd4 10. cxd4 Nc6
1952 Havana – Round 19 – Jimenez Zerquera, Eleazar – 1/2-1/2 – Prins, Lodewijk – G141 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Bc4 c5 8. Ne2 cxd4 9. cxd4 O-O 10. O-O Nc6
1952 Hoogovens – Round 1 – Kramer, Hanspeter – 0-1 – Yanofsky, Daniel Abraham – G10 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 c5 7. Bc4 Bg7 8. Ne2 O-O 9. Be3 cxd4 10. cxd4 Nc6
1952 Rio de Janeiro – Round 12 – Toth, Vince – 1/2-1/2 – De Souza Mendes, Joao – G66 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 c5 7. Bc4 Bg7 8. Ne2 O-O 9. O-O Nc6 10. Be3 cxd4
1953 FRG Ch 02nd – Round 11 – Teschner, Rudolf – 1-0 – Heemsoth, Hermann – G23 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 c5 7. Bc4 Bg7 8. Ne2 O-O 9. O-O cxd4 10. cxd4 Nc6
1954 Dyckhoff Memorial A 5456 – Round ? – Bonham, R.W – 1-0 – Salm, Maxwell – G10 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 c5 7. Bc4 Bg7 8. Ne2 Nc6 9. Be3 O-O 10. O-O cxd4
1955 BLR-POL m – Round ? – Suetin, Alexey S – 1-0 – Witkowski, Stefan – G2 1. c4 Nf6 2. Nc3 d5 3. d4 g6 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Bc4 c5 8. Ne2 cxd4 9. cxd4 Nc6 10. Be3 O-O
1955 CAN Ch – Round 4 – Joyner, Lionel – 1/2-1/2 – Jursevskis Miervaldis – G13 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 c5 7. Bc4 Bg7 8. Ne2 O-O 9. O-O Nc6 10. Be3 Na5
1955 Hungary Ch – Round 1 – Gereben, Erno – 1/2-1/2 – Barcza, Gedeon – G35 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 c5 7. Bc4 Bg7 8. Ne2 cxd4 9. cxd4 Nc6 10. Be3 O-O
1955 Ljubljana – Round 16 – Udovcic, Mijo – 1/2-1/2 – Witkowski, Stefan – G136 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Bc4 c5 8. Ne2 cxd4 9. cxd4 Nc6 10. Be3 O-O
1956 Moscow olm fin-B – Round 8 – Sliwa, Bogdan – 1/2-1/2 – Flores Alvarez, Rodrigo – G93 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Bc4 c5 8. Ne2 cxd4 9. cxd4 Nc6 10. Be3 Na5
1957 USA Ch Open 58th – Round 3 – Donovan, Jeremiah – 1/2-1/2 – Santasiere, Anthony – G20 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 c5 7. Bc4 Bg7 8. Ne2 O-O 9. O-O cxd4 10. cxd4 Nc6
1959 Mar del Plata – Round 8 – Sanguineti, Raúl Carlos – 1/2-1/2 – Pilnik, Herman – G72 1. c4 Nf6 2. Nc3 g6 3. d4 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Bc4 O-O 8. Ne2 c5 9. O-O cxd4 10. cxd4 Nc6
1959 United States Open Championship – Round 8 – Barnes, George – 1/2-1/2 – Osbun, Erik – G7 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 c5 7. Bc4 Bg7 8. Ne2 O-O 9. O-O Nc6 10. Be3 cxd4
1960 It (Men) Asuncion – Round 1 – Gligorić, Svetozar – 1-0 – Saguier, Emiliano – G3 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Bc4 c5 8. Ne2 O-O 9. O-O Nc6 10. Be3 Na5
1964 Memorial M.Chigorin – Round 4 – Spassky, Boris Vasily – 1-0 – Garcia Gonzalez, Gonzalo – G2 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Bc4 O-O 8. Ne2 c5 9. O-O cxd4 10. cxd4 Nc6
1964 Reggio Emilia ITA – Round 1 – Teschner, Rudolf – 1-0 – Bagnoli, Paolo – G3 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 c5 7. Bc4 Bg7 8. Ne2 O-O 9. O-O Nc6 10. Be3 Na5
1964 Rubinstein Memorial – Round 8 – Tolush, Alexander – 0-1 – Witkowski, Stanislaw – G32 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Bc4 c5 8. Ne2 cxd4 9. cxd4 Nc6 10. Be3 O-O
1965 Buenos Aires ch-ARG – Round 19 – Calneggia , Aldo – 0-1 – Foguelman – G118 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 c5 7. Bc4 Bg7 8. Ne2 O-O 9. O-O Nc6 10. Be3 cxd4
1965 Capablanca Memorial – Round 11 – Szabo, Ladislav – 1-0 – Cobo Arteaga, Eldis – G112 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 c5 7. Bc4 Bg7 8. Ne2 O-O 9. O-O Nc6 10. Be3 cxd4
1965 Tbilisi – Round 1 – Navarovszky, Laszlo – 1/2-1/2 – Lilienthal, Andor – G37 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Bc4 c5 8. Ne2 cxd4 9. cxd4 O-O 10. O-O Nc6
1966 ARMIES-ch3 Prague CZE – Round 5 – Liptay, Laszlo Dr. – 1-0 – Novak, Stanislav – G4 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 c5 7. Bc4 Bg7 8. Ne2 O-O 9. O-O cxd4 10. cxd4 Nc6
1968 HUN-URS – Round ? – Anikaev, Yuri N – 1-0 – Adorjan, Andras – G6 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Bc4 O-O 8. Ne2 c5 9. O-O Nc6 10. Be3 cxd4
1968 Prague U26 – Round 6 – Zajic, Jiri – 0-1 – Tichy, Vladimir – G24 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Bc4 O-O 8. Be3 c5 9. Ne2 Nc6 10. O-O Na5
36. Olympiad 2004 – Round 10 – Goldin, Alexander – 1/2-1/2 – Eljanov, Pavel – G350 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Bc4 c5 8. Ne2 O-O 9. O-O Nc6 10. Be3 cxd4
36. Olympiad 2004 – Round 3 – Stocek, Jiri – 0-1 – Eljanov, Pavel – G86 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Bc4 c5 8. Ne2 O-O 9. O-O Nc6 10. Be3 cxd4
It 2005 – Round 4 – Van Wely, Loek – 1/2-1/2 – Svidler, Peter – G10 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Bc4 c5 8. Ne2 Nc6 9. Be3 O-O 10. O-O Na5
World Cup 1991 – Round 3 – Ivanchuk, Vasyl – 1/2-1/2 – Ehlvest, Jaan – G24 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Bc4 c5 8. Ne2 Nc6 9. Be3 O-O 10. O-O Na5

D88f — Classical Exchange Main Line

1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 d5 4.cxd5 Nxd5 5.e4 Nxc3 6.bxc3 Bg7 7.Bc4 O-O 8.Ne2 c5 9.O-O Nc6 10.Be3 cxd4 11.cxd4 Na5 12.Bd3

Les coups candidats

12…b6 — 50.5% (695 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Banas, Jan (8x), Knaak, Rainer (5x), Bobel, Philippe (5x), Mallee, Ralph (4x), Lukacs, Peter (4x), Willberg, Frank (4x), Boehme, Sebastian (4x), Bijlsma, Nick (4x)

12…Nc6 — 18.2% (251 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Witkowski, Stefan (20x), Bernal Varela, Nelson (8x), Sliwa, Bogdan (5x), Kirov, Nino (5x), Yanofsky, Daniel Abraham (4x), Gligoric, Svetozar (4x), Joachimsthaler, Karl (4x), Collobiano, Alberto (4x)

12…Be6 — 12.1% (166 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Huguet Reina, Carlos (3x), Pedersen, Eigil (2x), Poulsen, Christian (2x), Hislop, Allan Thomas (2x), Bird, Andrew (2x), Annakov, Babakuli (2x), Volosin, Leon (2x), Ibanez, Jean-Louis (2x)

12…Bg4 — 10.5% (145 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Vetter, Gerhard (5x), Majewski, Jan (3x), Aigmueller, Max Ing (2x), Dorochenko, M. (1x), Finogeev, E. (1x), Steiner, Herman (1x), Aguilar Aleman, Diego Ignacio (1x), Pafnutiff, Vladimir (1x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	12…b6	12…Nc6	12…Be6	12…Bg4
<1800	42	50%	2%	31%	12%
1800-2200	543	48%	15%	15%	10%
2200-2600	312	55%	23%	10%	7%
2600+	6	67%	17%	—	17%

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	12…b6	12…Nc6	12…Be6	12…Bg4
1940s	9	22%	11%	56%	—
1950s	49	16%	63%	6%	6%
1960s	37	41%	38%	11%	3%
1970s	95	59%	22%	5%	8%
1980s	115	65%	18%	4%	10%
1990s	278	55%	10%	11%	14%
2000s	369	52%	12%	13%	13%
2010s	376	47%	19%	16%	8%
2020s	48	38%	35%	10%	6%

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
12…b6	47%	38%	▼ -9.8%
12…Nc6	19%	35%	▲ +16.3%
12…Be6	16%	10%	▼ -5.8%
12…Bg4	8%	6%	▼ -1.7%

Parties historiques

12…b6 — 50.5% (695 parties)

1940 — Lisitsin, Georgy vs Mikenas, Vladas — 1-0 — Ch URS Moscow RUS
1949 — Gentil Junior, Luiz vs Adail Gondim, Jose — 1-0 — Rio de Janeiro BRA
1951 — Troianescu, Octav vs Molnar, Imre — 1/2-1/2 — Bucharest ROU
1952 — Kramer, Hanspeter vs Yanofsky, Daniel Abraham — 0-1 — Beverwijk NED
1956 — Mostafavi mendi, Mehdi vs Campomanes, Florencio — 0-1 — Moskou olm

12…Nc6 — 18.2% (251 parties)

1949 — Simagin, Vladimir vs Fridstein, German — 1/2-1/2 — Moscow RUS
1950 — Gligorić, Svetozar vs Skold, Kristian — 1-0 — Dubrovnik CRO
1951 — Barden, Leonard vs Yanofsky, Daniel Abraham — 1/2-1/2 — Hastings ENG
1951 — Barden, Leonard vs Yanofsky, Daniel Abraham — 1/2-1/2 — Hastings ENG
1951 — Barden, Leonard vs Yanofsky, Daniel Abraham — 1/2-1/2 — Hastings ENG

12…Be6 — 12.1% (166 parties)

1944 — Sokolsky, Alexey vs Tolush, Alexander — 1-0 — ?
1944 — Bird, Andrew vs Hislop, Allan Thomas — 1-0 — ENG/S ch corr
1949 — Dussaubat Pedersen, Nelson Cristian vs Damgaard Poulsen, Albert — 1-0 — Copenhagen DEN
1949 — Pedersen, Eigil vs Poulsen, Christian — 1-0 — Copenhagen DEN
1949 — Pedersen, Eigil vs Poulsen, Christian — 1-0 — Copenhagen DEN

12…Bg4 — 10.5% (145 parties)

1951 — Pafnutiff, Vladimir vs Dake, Arthur William — 1/2-1/2 — San Francisco, CA USA
1952 — Steiner, Herman vs Aguilar Aleman, Diego Ignacio — 1-0 — Havana CUB
1957 — Dorochenko, M. vs Finogeev, E. — 1-0 — ?
1965 — Treybal, Dusan vs Pribyl, Josef — 0-1 — Klasterec nad Orlici
1972 — Vaganian, Rafael A vs Mukhin, Evgeny B — 0-1 — Moscow RUS

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