D85h — Gruenfeld: Exchange, 7.Be3 c5 8.Qd2 Qa5 9.Rc1

1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 d5 4.cxd5 Nxd5 5.e4 Nxc3 6.bxc3 Bg7 7.Be3 c5 8.Qd2 Qa5 9.Rc1 * ● Trait aux Noirs

Ouverture — Centre mobile

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

abcdefgh

Plans. Nf3 (Développer g1 — 40 % des parties) ; d5 (Occuper le centre — 9 % des parties).

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

hgfedcba

Plans. ...cxd4 (Capture en d4, Occuper le centre — 48 % des parties) ; ...O-O (Mettre le roi en sécurité, connecter les tours — 45 % des parties).

Avantages

Faiblesses

Diagonale active

Plans

Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	—
Pions isolés	● a2	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	● c3→d4	● f7→g6, h7→g6
Passés	—	—
Majorité	—	● aile dame 3v2

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	—	—
Cases faibles	—	—
Centre	● d4 (3v2), ● d5 (1v0)	—

Colonnes et diagonales

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Semi-ouvertes	● b	● d

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bf1	● Bf1 Non développé (mob. 5)
Be3	● Be3 Mauvais (mob. 3)
Bg7		● Bg7 Actif (mob. 5)
Bc8		● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 5)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Non développées	3 (● g1, ● f1, ● h1)	4 (● b8, ● c8, ● a8, ● h8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Au centre	● Au centre
Droits de roque	O-O	O-O / O-O-O

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	mobile
Ruptures	—	● …e7-e5, ● …f7-f5

Partie
19. European Teams 2013 – Round 6.17 – Nyback, Tomi – 1/2-1/2 – Ragger, Markus – G211 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Be3 c5 8. Rc1 Qa5 9. Qd2 cxd4 10. cxd4 Qxd2+
19. European Teams 2013 – Round 7.7 – Lenic, Luka – 1/2-1/2 – Giri, Anish – G263 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Be3 c5 8. Rc1 Qa5 9. Qd2 cxd4 10. cxd4 Qxd2+
1937 BCF Ch 30th – Round 8 – Atkins, Henry Ernest – 1-0 – Blow, Ronald – G23 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 c5 7. Be3 Bg7 8. Qd2 Qa5 9. Rc1 O-O 10. d5 Rd8
20. European Teams 2015 – Round 1.2 – Parligras, Mircea-Emilian – 1/2-1/2 – Areshchenko, Alexander – G29 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Be3 c5 8. Rc1 Qa5 9. Qd2 cxd4 10. cxd4 Qxd2+
20. European Teams 2015 – Round 2.2 – Mchedlishvili, Mikheil – 1/2-1/2 – Howell, David W L – G77 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Be3 c5 8. Rc1 Qa5 9. Qd2 cxd4 10. cxd4 Qxd2+
40. Olympiad Open 2012 – Round 7.18 – Nguyen, Ngoc Truong Son – 1/2-1/2 – Firat, Burak – G410 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Be3 c5 8. Rc1 Qa5 9. Qd2 cxd4 10. cxd4 Qxd2+
74. Tata Steel GMA 2012 – Round 1 – Radjabov, Teimour – 1/2-1/2 – Caruana, Fabiano – G4 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Be3 c5 8. Rc1 Qa5 9. Qd2 cxd4 10. cxd4 Qxd2+
76. Tata Steel Masters 2014 – Round 6.4 – Giri, Anish – 1/2-1/2 – Gelfand, Boris – G33 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Be3 c5 8. Rc1 Qa5 9. Qd2 cxd4 10. cxd4 Qxd2+
European Club Cup 2015 – Round 3.4 – Leko, Peter – 1/2-1/2 – Swiercz, Dariusz – G56 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Be3 c5 8. Rc1 Qa5 9. Qd2 cxd4 10. cxd4 Qxd2+
FIDE World Cup 2015 – Round 2.2 – Fressinet, Laurent – 1/2-1/2 – Nepomniachtchi, Ian – G246 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Be3 c5 8. Rc1 Qa5 9. Qd2 Nd7 10. Nf3 O-O
FIDE World Cup 2015 – Round 3.2 – Nakamura, Hikaru – 1/2-1/2 – Nepomniachtchi, Ian – G340 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Be3 c5 8. Rc1 Qa5 9. Qd2 Nd7 10. Nf3 O-O
GCT Rapid Paris 2019 – Round 8.2 – Nakamura, Hikaru – 0-1 – Nepomniachtchi, Ian – G37 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Be3 c5 8. Qd2 Qa5 9. Rc1 Nd7 10. Nf3 O-O
Semi-Finals 2004 – Round 3 – Kramnik, Vladimir – 1/2-1/2 – Svidler, Peter – G5 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Be3 c5 8. Rc1 Qa5 9. Qd2 cxd4 10. cxd4 Qxd2+
SportAccord Rapid Men 2013 – Round 1.2 – Giri, Anish – 0-1 – Nepomniachtchi, Ian – G2 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Be3 c5 8. Rc1 Qa5 9. Qd2 Nd7 10. Nf3 O-O
Tal Memorial 2010 – Round 7 – Kramnik, Vladimir – 1/2-1/2 – Mamedyarov, Shakhriyar – G29 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Be3 c5 8. Rc1 Qa5 9. Qd2 cxd4 10. cxd4 Qxd2+
Tilburg Fontys 1998 – Round 9 – Sadler, Matthew D – 1/2-1/2 – Svidler, Peter – G26 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Be3 c5 8. Rc1 Qa5 9. Qd2 cxd4 10. cxd4 Qxd2+
World Blitz 2017 – Round 21.12 – Salem, A.R. Saleh – 0-1 – Savchenko, Boris – G1078 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Be3 c5 8. Rc1 Qa5 9. Qd2 cxd4 10. cxd4 Nc6
World Rapid 2021 – Round 6.39 – Kantor, Gergely – 1/2-1/2 – Antipov Olano, Maxim – G351 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Be3 c5 8. Rc1 Qa5 9. Qd2 cxd4 10. cxd4 Qxd2+

D85h — Exchange (1937)

1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 d5 4.cxd5 Nxd5 5.e4 Nxc3 6.bxc3 Bg7 7.Be3 c5 8.Qd2 Qa5 9.Rc1

Les coups candidats

9…cxd4 — 47.9% (688 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Kelecevic, Nedeljko (7x), Ftacnik, Lubomir (5x), Kramnik, Vladimir (5x), Ragger, Markus (5x), Bazant, Petr (4x), Areshchenko, Alexander (4x), Kotanjian, Tigran (3x), Cebalo, Miso (3x)

9…O-O — 45.4% (652 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Barbosa, Evandro Amorim (6x), Abdalla, Luiz Guilherme Aurelli (5x), Koczo, Kristof (5x), Agathiyan Susil (4x), Gabrielian, Artur (4x), Tunik, Gennady (3x), Imre, Laszlo (3x), Mamedyarov, Shakhriyar (3x)

9…Nc6 — 2.5% (36 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Dumitrache, Dragos-Nicolae (1x), Kondou, Eva (1x), Kurcsik, Zoltan (1x), Kopkan, Pavel (1x), Nagel, Ralf (1x), Petersen, Kari (1x), Karttunen, Mika (1x), Anttila, Perttu (1x)

9…Nd7 — 2.0% (29 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Nepomniachtchi, Ian (5x), Nakamura, Hikaru (2x), Shishkin, Vadim (2x), Sedlak, Nikola (2x), Dvoirys, Semen I. (2x), Cunningham, Patrick D (1x), Roos, Daniel (1x), Sobek, Jaroslav (1x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	9…cxd4	9…O-O	9…Nc6	9…Nd7
<1800	49	37%	51%	4%	6%
1800-2200	500	47%	47%	4%	1%
2200-2600	751	48%	45%	1%	2%
2600+	83	54%	40%	—	6%

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	9…cxd4	9…O-O	9…Nc6	9…Nd7
1970s	1	100%	—	—	—
1980s	33	52%	36%	—	3%
1990s	178	56%	36%	2%	1%
2000s	242	45%	45%	6%	1%
2010s	742	47%	46%	2%	3%
2020s	241	46%	51%	1%	2%

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
9…cxd4	47%	46%	▼ -0.7%
9…O-O	46%	51%	▲ +4.5%
9…Nc6	2%	1%	▼ -1.5%
9…Nd7	3%	2%	▼ -0.9%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Kramnik, Vladimir — 10 parties
Carlsen, Magnus — 3 parties
Ding, Liren — 1 partie
Karpov, Anatoly — 1 partie
Ju, Wenjun — 1 partie

Parties historiques

9…cxd4 — 47.9% (688 parties)

1977 — Vaisman, Volodia vs Adorjan, Andras — 1/2-1/2 — Moskou etc
1982 — Hjartarson, Johann vs Short, Nigel D — 0-1 — Copenhagen DEN
1982 — Cebalo, Miso vs Plachetka, Jan — 1/2-1/2 — Vinkovci CRO
1982 — Cebalo, Miso vs Plachetka, Jan — 1/2-1/2 — Vinkovci CRO
1982 — Kelecevic, Nedeljko vs Smejkal, Jan — 0-1 — Sarajevo BIH

9…O-O — 45.4% (652 parties)

1980 — Knaak, Rainer vs Chestnov, Vitaliy A. — 0-1 — Sochi RUS
1982 — From, Emma vs Pedersen , Mads Lindegaard — 1/2-1/2 — corr ch-DK
1983 — Bagirov, Vladimir vs Grigoryan, Karen A. — 1/2-1/2 — Minsk BLR
1983 — Taborov, Boris vs Sideifzade, Fikret — 1/2-1/2 — Nikolaev UKR
1983 — Borik, Otto vs Doncevic, Dario — 1/2-1/2 — Duitsland tt

9…Nc6 — 2.5% (36 parties)

1992 — Dumitrache, Dragos-Nicolae vs Kondou, Eva — 1-0 — Athens GRE
1994 — Kurcsik, Zoltan vs Kopkan, Pavel — 0-1 — Litomysl CZE
1994 — Nagel, Ralf vs Petersen, Kari — 1-0 — Kettig op-RL
2000 — Jellinghaus, Lars vs Kaufeld, Juergen — 1/2-1/2 — Recklinghausen GER
2000 — Singer, Imad vs Bejaoui, Anis — 0-1 — Arab-ch U20 Beirut

9…Nd7 — 2.0% (29 parties)

1982 — Cunningham, Patrick D vs Roos, Daniel — 1/2-1/2 — Luzern olm
1992 — Sobek, Jaroslav vs Gross, Stefan — 1/2-1/2 — Karvina op
1992 — Gutop, Yuri V vs Yuferov, Sergey N — 1/2-1/2 — Moscow RUS
2002 — Nefediev, Alexander vs Shishkin, Vadim — 1-0 — St Petersburg RUS
2004 — Leon Fernandez, Mario vs Frances Cuscullola, Oriol — 0-1 — Mondariz ESP

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