D85d — Gruenfeld: Exchange, 5.e4

1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 d5 4.cxd5 Nxd5 5.e4 ● Trait aux Noirs

Ouverture — Centre semi-ouvert

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

abcdefgh

Plan principal. Attaque sur le roi adverse resté au centre.

Atouts. Les Blancs s'appuient sur une majorité de pions à l'centre (2 contre 1), les cases fortes b5 et d5, la paire de fous et la colonne semi-ouverte c.

Côté adverse. Les fous enfermés en c8 et f8 et le roi resté au centre.

En contrepartie. Le roi n'est pas encore à l'abri et plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le cavalier g1, les fous c1 et f1 et les tours a1 et h1).

Plans. Nf3 (Développer Ng1) ; Be3 (Développer Bc1) ; Bd3 (Développer Bf1).

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

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Plan principal. Attaque sur le roi adverse resté au centre.

Atouts. Les Noirs s'appuient sur une majorité de pions à l'aile_dame (3 contre 2), la paire de fous et la colonne semi-ouverte d.

Côté adverse. Les fous enfermés en c1 et f1 et le roi resté au centre.

En contrepartie. Le roi n'est pas encore à l'abri et plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le cavalier b8, les fous c8 et f8 et les tours a8 et h8).

Plans. ...Nbd7 (Développer Nb8) ; ...c6 (Rupture) ; ...c5 (Rupture) ; ...e6 (Rupture) ; ...e5 (Rupture).

Avantages

Faiblesses adverses

Diagonale active

Plans

Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	—
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	—	● f7→g6, h7→g6
Passés	—	—
Majorité	● centre 2v1	● aile_dame 3v2

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	● b5 (2v0), ● d5 (2v1)	—
Cases faibles	—	—
Centre	● d4 (1v0), ● d5 (2v1), ● e4 (1v0), ● e5 (1v0)	—

Colonnes et diagonales

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Semi-ouvertes	● c	● d

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bc1	● Bc1 Non développé (mob. 5)
Bf1	● Bf1 Non développé (mob. 5)
Bc8		● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 5)
Bf8		● Bf8 Non développé (mob. 2)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Non développées	5 (● g1, ● c1, ● f1, ● a1, ● h1)	5 (● b8, ● c8, ● f8, ● a8, ● h8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Au centre !	● Au centre !
Droits de roque	O-O / O-O-O	O-O / O-O-O

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	semi-ouvert
Ruptures	● e4-e5, ● f2-f3	● …c7-c6, ● …c7-c5, ● …e7-e6, ● …e7-e5, ● …f7-f6, ● …f7-f5

Partie
1924 Moskou ch-URS – Round 1 – Levenfish, Grigory – 1-0 – Rozental, Sasha Valentin – G1 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Ba3 O-O 8. Qb3 b6 9. Bd3 c5 10. Ne2 Ba6
1925 BCF Ch 18th – Round 4 – Atkins, Henry Ernest – 1-0 – Price, Hubert E – G14 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Ba3 O-O 8. Bd3 Nd7 9. Ne2 c5 10. O-O b6
1925 Leningrad ch-URS – Round 13 – Sozin, Veniamin – 0-1 – Romanovsky, Pjotr – G25 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Ba3 O-O 8. Bd3 Nd7 9. Ne2 c5 10. O-O b6
1925 Marienbad – Round 10 – Michell, Reginald – 1/2-1/2 – De La Torre Huertas, Carlos – G61 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Ba3 O-O 8. Qb3 Nd7 9. Nf3 c5 10. Rd1 Qa5
1936 Muenchen ol – Round 17 – Mezgailis, V. – 0-1 – Roedl, Ludwig – G32 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Ba3 Nd7 8. Qb3 O-O 9. Rd1 c5 10. d5 Qa5
1939 Buenos Aires ol f-A – Round 5 – Flores Alvarez, Rodrigo – 1-0 – Czerniak, Moshe – G95 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 c5 7. Bb5+ Bd7 8. Bxd7+ Qxd7 9. Nf3 Bg7 10. Be3 Nc6
1939 Buenos Aires ol f-B – Round 8 – Olivera, Alfredo – 1-0 – Nash, William – G26 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 c5 7. Nf3 Bg4 8. Bc4 Bg7 9. Bxf7+ Kf8 10. Bd5 Nc6
1939 Buenos Aires ol prel-B – Round 3 – Roux-Cabral, Luis – 0-1 – Letelier Martner, Rene – G12 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 c5 7. dxc5 Qc7 8. Qb3 Bg7 9. Bd3 O-O 10. Ne2 Nd7
1942 Moscow Ch – Round ? – Lisitsin, Georgy – 0-1 – Zamikhovsky, Abram – G60 1. c4 Nf6 2. Nc3 g6 3. d4 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 c5 7. d5 Bg7 8. Bd2 O-O 9. Nf3 e6 10. Bc4 b5
1942 Ventnor City – Round 3 – Donovan, Jeremiah – 0-1 – Pinkus, Albert – G12 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 c5 7. Be3 Qa5 8. Qb3 Bg7 9. Rd1 O-O 10. Bc4 cxd4
1947 Mar del Plata – Round 4 – Stahlberg, Gideon – 1-0 – Hounie Fleurquin, Carlos – G38 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 c5 7. Bb5+ Bd7 8. Bc4 Bg7 9. Ne2 O-O 10. O-O Qc7
1948 BRD Ch – Round 12 – Machate, Gottlieb – 1/2-1/2 – Ernst, Wilhelm – G9 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 c5 7. Bb5+ Bd7 8. Qd3 Bg7 9. Ne2 cxd4 10. Bxd7+ Qxd7
1948 GER Ch 12th – Round 12 – Machate, Gottlieb – 1/2-1/2 – Ernst, Wilhelm – G13 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 c5 7. Bb5+ Bd7 8. Qd3 Bg7 9. Ne2 cxd4 10. Bxd7+ Qxd7
1948 JUG Ch – Round 13 – Vukovic, Sava – 1-0 – Subaric, Mladen – G57 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Ba3 O-O 8. Bc4 b6 9. Qb3 Nc6 10. Qc2 Na5
1949 Mar del Plata – Round 15 – Czerniak, Magdalena – 0-1 – Flores Alvarez, Rodrigo – G125 1. c4 Nf6 2. Nc3 g6 3. d4 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 c5 7. Bb5+ Bd7 8. Bc4 Bg7 9. Ne2 cxd4 10. cxd4 Nc6
1949 URS Ch, semi final – Round 1 – Lubienski, Tadeusz – 0-1 – Kasparian, Genrikh – G15 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 c5 7. Bb5+ Bd7 8. Bc4 Bg7 9. Ne2 O-O 10. O-O cxd4
1950 Dubrovnik olm – Round 1 – Panagopoulos, Takis – 0-1 – Beni, Alfred – G24 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 c5 7. Bb5+ Bd7 8. Bxd7+ Qxd7 9. Be3 Bg7 10. Ne2 O-O
1950 ITA Ch – Round 8 – Ceccato, Vittorio – 1/2-1/2 – Paoli, Enrico – G9 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Ba3 O-O 8. Bc4 Nd7 9. Ne2 c5 10. O-O Qa5
1950 Mar del Plata – Round 1 – Gligorić, Svetozar – 1/2-1/2 – Pilnik, Herman – G7 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Ba3 O-O 8. Nf3 b6 9. Be2 c5 10. O-O Ba6
1950 Mar del Plata – Round 3 – Marini, Liam – 1/2-1/2 – Pilnik, Herman – G25 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 c5 7. Bb5+ Bd7 8. Bc4 Bg7 9. Ne2 O-O 10. O-O cxd4
1950 Sorrento ch ITA – Round 1 – Porreca, Giorgio – 1-0 – Nestler, Vincenzo – G1 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Ba3 O-O 8. Bc4 Nd7 9. Ne2 c5 10. O-O Qc7
1951 Hastings5152 – Round 4 – Schmid, Leo – 1/2-1/2 – Donner, H. – G15 1. c4 Nf6 2. Nc3 d5 3. cxd5 Nxd5 4. d4 g6 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Ba3 O-O 8. Bc4 Nd7 9. Ne2 c5 10. O-O cxd4
1951 Marianske Lazne zt – Round 1 – Heidenfeld, Wolfgang – 1-0 – Tsvetkov, Alexandar K – G48 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Ba3 Nd7 8. Qb3 c5 9. Bc4 O-O 10. Nf3 Rb8
1951 YUG Ch 6th – Round 3 – Puc, Stojan – 1/2-1/2 – Rabar, Braslav – G15 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 c5 7. Bb5+ Bd7 8. Bc4 Bg7 9. Ne2 cxd4 10. cxd4 O-O
1953 AUS Ch – Round 7 – Kuszelansky Michael – 1/2-1/2 – Koshnitsky, Gregory – G10 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Ba3 O-O 8. Bc4 Nc6 9. Ne2 Na5 10. Bd3 b6
1954 US Open 55th – Round 8 – Evans, Larry M – 1/2-1/2 – Santasiere, Anthony – G8 1. c4 Nf6 2. Nc3 d5 3. d4 g6 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 c5 7. Bb5+ Bd7 8. Bc4 Bg7 9. Ne2 O-O 10. O-O Qc7
1956 Moskou olm – Round 1 – Gupta Aditya Raj – 1-0 – Campomanes, Florencio – G47 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 c5 7. Bb5+ Bd7 8. Bxd7+ Qxd7 9. Be3 Bg7 10. Ne2 cxd4
1960 Buenos Aires – Round 5 – Evans, Larry M – 1/2-1/2 – Korchnoi, Viktor – G63 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Ba3 Nd7 8. Nf3 c5 9. Qb3 O-O 10. Bd3 Qc7
1963 Stevenson Memorial 11th – Round 4 – Lavender, Michael J – 0-1 – Collins, Richard Arnold – G6 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 c5 7. d5 Bg7 8. Qc2 O-O 9. Ne2 e6 10. Nf4 exd5
1966 Sukhumi – Round 1 – Ivkov, Borislav – 0-1 – Korchnoi, Viktor – G3 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 c5 7. Bc4 cxd4 8. cxd4 Qb6 9. Nf3 Bg7 10. O-O O-O
4. World Blitz 2008 – Round 15 – Kazhgaleyev, Murtas – 1-0 – Morozevich, Alexander – G105 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Bg7 6. Nf3 c5 7. Bb5+ Nd7 8. O-O O-O 9. a4 Qc7 10. Bg5 N7f6
Corus 2002 – Round 10 – Gurevich, Mikhail – 1-0 – Kasimdzhanov, Rustam – G64 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Ba3 Nd7 8. Nf3 c5 9. Qb3 O-O 10. Bd3 cxd4
FIDE WCh KO 2001 – Round 3.2 – Milov, Vadim – 0-1 – Svidler, Peter – G268 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Ba3 Nd7 8. Nf3 c5 9. Bc4 cxd4 10. Qb3 O-O
Olympiad 2002 – Round 3 – Papaioannou, Ioannis CS – 1/2-1/2 – Azmaiparashvili, Zurab – G71 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 c5 7. Bb5+ Bd7 8. Bxd7+ Nxd7 9. Nf3 Bg7 10. O-O O-O
World Blitz 2016 – Round 7.38 – Hirneise, Tobias – 0-1 – Volokitin, Andrei – G287 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Ba3 Nd7 8. Nf3 c5 9. Qb3 O-O 10. Bc4 a6
World Blitz Final 2012 – Round 12 – Le, Quang Liem – 1-0 – Ganza Svidler , Pedro – G89 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cxd5 Nxd5 5. e4 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Ba3 Nd7 8. Bc4 c5 9. Qb3 O-O 10. Nf3 cxd4

D85d — Exchange

1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 d5 4.cxd5 Nxd5 5.e4

Les coups candidats

5…Nxc3 — 99.2% (53643 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Ftacnik, Lubomir (143x), Svidler, Peter (128x), Pribyl, Josef (111x), Krasenkow, Michal (102x), Ederer, Karel (99x), Laczay, Istvan Dr (98x), Yandemirov, Valeri (84x), Dvoirys, Semen I. (78x)

5…Nb6 — 0.7% (392 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Zhelesny, Stanislav (17x), Gheng, Josef (10x), Schuler, Georg (5x), Skalkotas, Nikolaos (5x), Djuric, Stefan (4x), Lilienthal, Andor (3x), Roeschlau, Bernd (3x), Kraut, Rainer (3x)

5…Nf6 — 0.1% (31 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Yangibayev, Rustam (3x), Acosta Quintana, Maximino Santiago (2x), Hejberg, Carsten (1x), Brattstrom Nilsson, Adam (1x), Moheni, A E (1x), Clarke-Grant, Claire (1x), Knudsen, John C (1x), Bowen, Al (1x)

5…Bg7 — 0.0% (13 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Hjorth, Jesper (2x), San Segundo Carrillo, Pablo (1x), Illescas Cordoba, Miguel (1x), Kovacevic, Antun (1x), Laczay, Istvan Dr (1x), Schmitt, Roland (1x), Urlau Thomas (1x), Kazhgaleyev, Murtas (1x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	5…Nxc3	5…Nb6	5…Nf6	5…Bg7
<1800	1457	99%	1%	0%	—
1800-2200	17802	99%	1%	0%	0%
2200-2600	22807	100%	0%	0%	0%
2600+	1693	100%	0%	—	0%

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	5…Nxc3	5…Nb6	5…Nf6	5…Bg7
1900s	1	100%	—	—	—
1920s	23	100%	—	—	—
1930s	35	100%	—	—	—
1940s	86	91%	9%	—	—
1950s	356	92%	8%	—	—
1960s	465	98%	2%	—	—
1970s	1215	99%	1%	—	—
1980s	3149	99%	1%	0%	—
1990s	9669	99%	1%	0%	—
2000s	13605	99%	1%	0%	0%
2010s	19527	99%	1%	0%	0%
2020s	5958	100%	0%	0%	0%

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
5…Nxc3	99%	100%	+0.3%
5…Nb6	1%	0%	-0.3%
5…Nf6	0%	0%	-0.0%
5…Bg7	0%	0%	+0.0%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Smyslov, Vladimir — 10 parties
Karpov, Anatoly — 10 parties
Kasparov, Garry — 10 parties
Anand, Viswanathan — 10 parties
Kramnik, Vladimir — 10 parties
Carlsen, Magnus — 10 parties
Ding, Liren — 10 parties
Botvinnik, Mikhail — 9 parties
Karpov, Aleksandr — 9 parties
Gukesh D — 8 parties
Tal, Mikhail — 6 parties
Ju, Wenjun — 6 parties
Alekhine, Alexander — 4 parties
Lasker, Emanuel — 1 partie
Euwe, Max — 1 partie

Parties historiques

5…Nxc3 — 99.2% (53643 parties)

1905 — Ruffne Toth, Andrea vs Vallifuoco, Gc — 1-0 — Naples ITA
1922 — Becker, x vs Gruenfeld, Ernst — 1/2-1/2 — Wettkampf
1922 — Kostic, Barbara vs Gruenfeld, Ernst — 0-1 — Teplitz-Schoenau GER
1922 — Kostic, Boris vs Gruenfeld, Ernst — 0-1 — It Teplitz-Schoenau GER
1923 — Duchamp, Emile vs Koltanowski — 0-1 — Brussels BEL

5…Nb6 — 0.7% (392 parties)

1946 — Roszkowski, Jozef vs Balicki Jr., Jayden Anthony — 1-0 — Sopot
1947 — Levenfish, Grigory vs Lilienthal, Andor — 1/2-1/2 — Leningrad ch-URS
1947 — Jursevskis Miervaldis vs Bogoljubow, Efim — 0-1 — Hanau
1947 — Fridstein, Grigory vs Bronstein, David Ionovich — 1/2-1/2 — Moscow RUS
1947 — Gadalinski, Jan vs Boleslavsky, Isaac — 1/2-1/2 — Warsaw POL

5…Nf6 — 0.1% (31 parties)

1986 — Moheni, A E vs Clarke-Grant, Claire — 1-0 — Dubai UAE
1989 — Hejberg, Carsten vs Brattstrom Nilsson, Adam — 1-0 — Hillerod
1990 — Rogers, Ben vs Raftshol, W. — 1/2-1/2 — Detroit ch-MI op
1991 — Gonzalez, Enrique vs Rostlund, Gerd — 1-0 — ?
1991 — Klevstrand, Simen vs Jorgensen, Soren Berg — 0-1 — Gjovik

5…Bg7 — 0.0% (13 parties)

2001 — San Segundo Carrillo, Pablo vs Illescas Cordoba, Miguel — 0-1 — Cala Mendia, Mallorca ESP
2005 — Schmitt, Roland vs Urlau Thomas — 1/2-1/2 — ?
2005 — Moranda, Wojciech vs Bugajski, Robert — 1-0 — Warsaw POL
2006 — Kovacevic, Antun vs Laczay, Istvan Dr — 1-0 — IECG
2007 — Peralta, Fernando vs Major, Katarzyna — 1-0 — Warsaw POL

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