Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	● c4, ● c7
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	—	● f7→e6
Passés	—	—
Majorité	—	● aile dame 4v2

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	—	—
Cases faibles	—	—
Centre	● e4 (1v0), ● e5 (1v0)	—

Colonnes et diagonales

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Semi-ouvertes	● c	● d

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bc1	● Bc1 Non développé (mob. 5)
Bf1	● Bf1 Non développé (mob. 3)
Bc8		● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 1)
Bf8		● Bf8 Non développé (mob. 5)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Non développées	5 (● g1, ● c1, ● f1, ● a1, ● h1)	6 (● b8, ● g8, ● c8, ● f8, ● a8, ● h8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Au centre	● Au centre
Droits de roque	O-O / O-O-O	O-O / O-O-O

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	mobile
Ruptures	● d4-d5	● …c7-c5, ● …e6-e5, ● …f7-f5

D20j — QGA: 3.Nc3 e6 4.e4

1.d4 d5 2.c4 dxc4 3.Nc3 e6 4.e4 * ● Trait aux Noirs

Ouverture — Centre mobile

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

abcdefgh

Plans. Bxc4 (Fou actif (mobilité 8), Développer f1 — 54 % des parties) ; Nf3 (Développer g1 — 22 % des parties) ; d5 (Occuper le centre — 12 % des parties).

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

hgfedcba

Plans. ...c5 (Frapper le centre adverse — 24 % des parties) ; ...Nf6 (Développer g8 — 24 % des parties) ; ...Bb4 (Clouer c3, Fou actif (mobilité 7), Développer f8 — 14 % des parties) ; ...a6 (Préparer expansion aile dame — 11 % des parties) ; ...Nc6 (Développer b8 — 9 % des parties).

Avantages

Faiblesses

Diagonale active

Plans

Partie
1908 Prague – Round 16 – Alapin, Simon – 1/2-1/2 – Treybal, Frantisek – G125 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 dxc4 4. e4 a6 5. a4 b6 6. Bxc4 Bb7 7. Nge2 Nf6 8. f3 Nc6 9. Be3 Be7 10. O-O O-O
1910 DSB-17.Kongress – Round 10 – Forgacs, Leo – 1-0 – Důras, Oldřich – G61 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 dxc4 4. e4 a6 5. Bxc4 b5 6. Bb3 Nf6 7. e5 Nd5 8. Nxd5 exd5 9. Ne2 Bb4+ 10. Nc3 Bxc3+
1910 It (Men) Hamburg GER – Round 1 – Duz-Khotimirsky, Fedor Ivanovich – 1/2-1/2 – Důras, Oldřich – G1 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 dxc4 4. e4 c5 5. Nf3 cxd4 6. Qxd4 Qxd4 7. Nxd4 a6 8. Bxc4 b5 9. Bb3 Bb7 10. f3 Nd7
1920 Amsterdam m1 – Round 1 – Euwe, Max – 1-0 – Von Hoorn – G3 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 dxc4 4. e4 a6 5. Bxc4 b5 6. Bd3 Bb7 7. Nf3 c5 8. O-O cxd4 9. Nxd4 Bc5 10. Nxe6 fxe6
1922 Vienna – Round 12 – Tartakower, Savielly – 1-0 – Wolf, Hans-Josef – G89 1. c4 e6 2. Nc3 d5 3. d4 dxc4 4. e4 c5 5. d5 exd5 6. exd5 a6 7. a4 Nf6 8. Bxc4 Bd6 9. Nf3 O-O 10. O-O h6
1923 Maehrisch Ostrau – Round 6 – Rubinstein, Akiba – 1/2-1/2 – Pokorny, Alois – G33 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 dxc4 4. e4 c5 5. d5 exd5 6. exd5 Bd6 7. Bxc4 a6 8. a4 Ne7 9. Nge2 O-O 10. O-O Ng6
1925 Baden-Baden – Round 1 – Gruenfeld, Ernst – 1/2-1/2 – Rubinstein, Akiba – G26 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 dxc4 4. e4 c5 5. Nf3 cxd4 6. Qxd4 Qxd4 7. Nxd4 a6 8. a4 Bd7 9. Bxc4 Nc6 10. Nxc6 Bxc6
1925 Baden-Baden – Round 10 – Marshall, Frank – 1/2-1/2 – Tartakower, Savielly – G127 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 dxc4 4. e4 c5 5. Nf3 a6 6. Bxc4 b5 7. Bb3 cxd4 8. Nxd4 Bb7 9. O-O Nc6 10. Be3 Nf6
1925 Moscow – Round 1 – Marshall Viele, Fabrizio Aaron – 0-1 – Ilyin Zhenevsky, Alexander – G17 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 dxc4 4. e4 a6 5. Bxc4 b5 6. Bb3 Bb7 7. Nf3 Nf6 8. Bg5 Be7 9. e5 Nd5 10. Nxd5 Bxd5
1925 Moscow – Round 1 – Marshall Viele, Fabrizio Aaron – 1-0 – Levenfish, Grigory – G18 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 dxc4 4. e4 a6 5. Bxc4 b5 6. Bb3 Bb7 7. Nf3 Nf6 8. Bg5 Be7 9. e5 Nfd7 10. Bxe7 Qxe7
1925 Moscow – Round 1 – Verlinsky, Boris – 1-0 – Ilyin Zhenevsky, Alexander – G19 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 dxc4 4. e4 Nf6 5. Bxc4 a6 6. Be3 b5 7. Bd3 Bb7 8. a3 Nbd7 9. b4 e5 10. d5 Bd6
1930 Kautsky mem7 – Round 3 – Flohr, Salo – 1-0 – Thelen, Bedrich – G6 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 dxc4 4. e4 c5 5. Nf3 cxd4 6. Nxd4 Nf6 7. Bxc4 a6 8. a3 Qc7 9. Qe2 Nbd7 10. O-O Bd6
1936 Moscow – Round 1 – Belavenets, Sergey – 1-0 – Gergenreder – G2 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 dxc4 4. e4 c5 5. d5 exd5 6. exd5 Bd6 7. Bxc4 Nf6 8. Nf3 O-O 9. O-O Bg4 10. Bg5 Nbd7
1939 Leningrad ch-URS – Round 16 – Chistiakov, Alexander – 0-1 – Pogrebissky, Iosif – G128 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 dxc4 4. e4 a6 5. Bxc4 b5 6. Bd3 c5 7. Nf3 cxd4 8. Nxd4 Bb7 9. O-O Bc5 10. Be3 Ba7
1939 Margate – Round 5 – Flohr, Salo – 1-0 – Najdorf, Miguel – G22 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 dxc4 4. e4 c5 5. Nf3 cxd4 6. Nxd4 Nf6 7. Bxc4 a6 8. e5 Nfd7 9. Bf4 Nb6 10. Bb3 Nc6
1956 URS Ch sf – Round ? – Shamkovich, Leonid – 1/2-1/2 – Zamikhovsky, Abram – G21 1. d4 e6 2. c4 d5 3. Nc3 dxc4 4. e4 a6 5. Bxc4 b5 6. Bd3 Bb7 7. Nf3 Nf6 8. Qe2 Be7 9. O-O Nbd7 10. Rd1 O-O
1957 WchT U26 04th – Round 3.4 – Botez, Constantin – 1-0 – Tseveloidoff – G36 1. c4 e6 2. Nc3 d5 3. d4 dxc4 4. e4 c5 5. Nf3 cxd4 6. Qxd4 Qxd4 7. Nxd4 Nf6 8. Ndb5 Na6 9. Bxc4 Bb4 10. a3 Bxc3+
1962 Poznan ch POL – Round 2 – Sliwa, Bogdan – 1-0 – Drozd, Ryszard – G8 1. c4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. Nc3 dxc4 4. e4 c5 5. Nf3 cxd4 6. Nxd4 Qc7 7. Ndb5 Qc6 8. Bf4 Na6 9. Qd4 Nf6 10. O-O-O Bd7
1963 UKR Ch – Round 10 – Nikolaevsky, Yuri V – 1-0 – Zamikhovsky, Abram – G60 1. c4 e6 2. Nc3 d5 3. d4 dxc4 4. e4 a6 5. Bxc4 b5 6. Bb3 Bb7 7. d5 exd5 8. Nf3 Bb4 9. O-O Ne7 10. Nxd5 Nxd5
EU Team Ch Plovdiv 1983 – Round 1 – Petrosian, Tigran V. – 1-0 – Radulov, Ivan – G1 1. d4 d5 2. c4 dxc4 3. Nc3 e6 4. e4 c5 5. d5 exd5 6. Nxd5 Nf6 7. Bxc4 Nxd5 8. Bxd5 Bd6 9. Qh5 g6 10. Qh6 Bf8
FIDE Grand Swiss 2025 – Round 4 – Aditya Mittal – 0-1 – Erdogmus Yagiz Kaan – G193 1. c4 e6 2. Nc3 d5 3. d4 dxc4 4. e4 c5 5. d5 exd5 6. exd5 Bd6 7. Bxc4 Ne7 8. h3 O-O 9. Nf3 Nd7 10. O-O Nb6
FIDE World Cup 2015 – Round 1.2 – Moiseenko, Alexander – 1-0 – Lu, Shanglei – G77 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 dxc4 4. e4 c5 5. d5 a6 6. Bxc4 b5 7. Bb3 Nf6 8. Nf3 c4 9. Bc2 Qc7 10. O-O e5

D20j — QGA (1908)

1.d4 d5 2.c4 dxc4 3.Nc3 e6 4.e4

Les coups candidats

4…c5 — 27.0% (217 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Baron Rodriguez, Jesus (5x), Lu, Shanglei (3x), Jurcik, Martin (3x), Solys, Laimutis (3x), Tiitta, Sauli (2x), Dudas, Janos (2x), Kiselev, Gennady (2x), Dang The Nam (2x)

4…Nf6 — 21.8% (175 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Kantyshev, Nikita (3x), Davis Wanjala (1x), Visser, Wim (1x), D'Haens, Charles (1x), Frauenfelder, Ernest (1x), Hatch, E. (1x), Yudacufski, N. (1x), Basoukos, I. (1x)

4…Bb4 — 15.5% (125 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Jonkman, Harmen (2x), Jokmin, Alex (2x), Davidson, Eric (2x), Carlsson, Goran (1x), Svedenklint, Stig (1x), Zielke, Bernd (1x), Kluver, Horst (1x), Nohle (1x)

4…Nc6 — 12.7% (102 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Pasquotto, Mirko (2x), Urban, Vlastimil (2x), Sun, Chao (1x), Sathwick G Che (1x), Klawonn, Malin (1x), Geiskert, M. (1x), Wolf, Andre (1x), Chand, Tilak Bahadur (1x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	4…c5	4…Nf6	4…Bb4	4…Nc6
<1800	103	17%	25%	28%	12%
1800-2200	221	32%	29%	7%	10%
2200-2600	135	62%	12%	1%	—
2600+	10	90%	—	10%	—

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	4…c5	4…Nf6	4…Bb4	4…Nc6
1950s	3	33%	—	—	—
1960s	5	40%	20%	—	—
1970s	7	—	29%	29%	14%
1980s	14	36%	7%	21%	—
1990s	163	22%	26%	15%	13%
2000s	315	23%	23%	18%	16%
2010s	210	27%	19%	17%	12%
2020s	87	52%	17%	5%	5%

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
4…c5	27%	52%	▲ +24.6%
4…Nf6	19%	17%	▼ -1.8%
4…Bb4	17%	5%	▼ -12.5%
4…Nc6	12%	5%	▼ -7.3%

Parties historiques

4…c5 — 27.0% (217 parties)

1957 — Botez, Constantin vs Tseveloidoff — 1-0 — Reykjavik ISL
1962 — Sliwa, Bogdan vs Drozd, Ryszard — 1-0 — Poznan ch POL
1965 — Schinzel, Wladyslaw vs Manasterski, Lutoslaw — 1-0 — Lublin POL
1980 — Gaberg, S. vs Nikolic, Zivoslav — 0-1 — corr Yugoslavia
1980 — Nielsen, Jan Mose vs Sandahl, Jan — 1-0 — Brondby

4…Nf6 — 21.8% (175 parties)

1969 — Davis Wanjala vs Visser, Wim — 1-0 — ?
1972 — D'Haens, Charles vs Frauenfelder, Ernest — 0-1 — Pula CRO
1972 — Hatch, E. vs Yudacufski, N. — 1-0 — Berkeley
1980 — Basoukos, I. vs Zahilas, Loukas N. — 0-1 — ?
1992 — Berndorff, Beatrix vs Andersson, Christin — 1/2-1/2 — Hradec Kralove ch-EU

4…Bb4 — 15.5% (125 parties)

1978 — Wirtz, Bernhard vs Zrowothke, V — 1-0 — GER
1978 — Chin, Foo Yik vs Aksoy, Talha Esat — 1-0 — Buenos Aires ARG
1984 — Nohle vs Coil — 1-0 — Cincinnati
1987 — Carlsson, Goran vs Svedenklint, Stig — 1-0 — Jonkoping
1988 — Zielke, Bernd vs Kluver, Horst — 0-1 — Landes-Einzelmeister

4…Nc6 — 12.7% (102 parties)

1973 — Sun, Chao vs Sathwick G Che — 1-0 — ACM Atlanta
1992 — Fernschild, Bernd vs Fleck, Norbert — 1-0 — GER
1992 — Rehberg, Anja vs Wenke, Petra — 1/2-1/2 — GER
1993 — Ulburghs, Piet vs Cuyvers, Lucien — 1-0 — Lommel
1994 — James Russell Demyer vs Carpenter, Stephen C D — 0-1 — Grand Rapids ch-MI amateu

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