Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	—
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	● g2→h3, e4→d5	● a6→b5, d6→e5
Passés	—	—
Majorité	—	—

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	—	● d4 (2v1)
Cases faibles	—	—
Centre	● e4 (3v1)	● d4 (2v1), ● e5 (2v1)

Colonnes et diagonales

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Ouvertes	● c	● c

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bc1	● Bc1 Non développé (mob. 0)
Bc2	● Bc2 Actif (mob. 4)
Be7		● Be7 Ok (mob. 1)
Bc8		● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 6)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Non développées	2 (● c1, ● a1)	2 (● c8, ● a8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Roqué	● Roqué
Droits de roque	—	—

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	fermé

C99k — Spanish: Closed, Chigorin, 13…Nc6 14.d5

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.O-O Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 O-O 8.c3 d6 9.h3 Na5 10.Bc2 c5 11.d4 Qc7 12.Nbd2 cxd4 13.cxd4 Nc6 14.d5 * ● Trait aux Noirs

Ouverture — Centre fermé

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

abcdefgh

Plan principal. Manœuvres et amélioration des pièces.

Atouts. Les Blancs s'appuient sur un fou actif en c2.

En contrepartie. Plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le fou c1 et la tour a1).

Plans. Bb1 (98 % des parties) ; Nf1 (2 % des parties).

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

hgfedcba

Plan principal. Exploiter l'avant-poste d4.

Atouts. Les Noirs s'appuient sur un contrôle dominant de d4 et un avant-poste en d4.

Côté adverse. Un mauvais fou en c2.

En contrepartie. Plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le fou c8 et la tour a8).

Plans. ...Nb4 (98 % des parties) ; ...Nb8 (2 % des parties).

Avantages

Faiblesses

Diagonale active

Plans

Partie
1926 Hastings Premier /27 7th – Round 2 – Michell, Reginald – 0-1 – Teller, Alfred – G8 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1937 BCF Ch 30th – Round 1 – Michell, Reginald – 1/2-1/2 – Tylor, Theodore Henry – G4 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. d4 Qc7
1938 GBR Ch 31st – Round 2 – Aitken, James – 1/2-1/2 – Tylor, Theodore Henry – G4 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. d4 Qc7
1938 USA Ch – Round 3 – Cohen Revivo, Shoham – 1-0 – Kashdan, Isaac – G14 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. d4 Qc7
1939 Leningrad/Moscow – Round 10 – Rabinovich, Ilya Mar – 0-1 – Levenfish, Grigory – G8 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1939 Leningrad/Moscow – Round 12 – Rabinovich, Ilya Mar – 0-1 – Flohr, Salo – G92 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1940 Budapest – Round 1 – Von Balla, Zoltan – 0-1 – Barcza, Gedeon – G3 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. d4 Qc7
1940 New York ch-USA – Round 10 – Littman, G. – 1/2-1/2 – Kashdan, Isaac – G57 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. d4 Qc7
1940 USA Ch – Round 1 – Pinkus, Albert – 1/2-1/2 – Reinfeld, Fred – G1 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1946 Maastricht – Round 8 – Vlagsma, Chris – 0-1 – Van Scheltinga, Theo – G35 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1946 Staunton, Groningen NED – Round 15 – Yanofsky, Daniel Abraham – 1-0 – Botvinnik, Mikhail – G55 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1947 Schlechter Memorial – Round 11 – Galia, Karl – 1-0 – Szabo, Laszlo – G38 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1948 Buenos Aires – Round ? – Acebey Michel, Veroska – 1/2-1/2 – Najdorf, Miguel – G23 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1948 Karlovy Vary – Round 15 – Troianescu, Octav – 0-1 – Prins, Lodewijk – G146 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1953 Hastings ch-BCF – Round 8 – Mardle, Denis – 0-1 – Green, Arnold Yorvath – G75 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. h3 O-O
1959 URS Team Ch – Round ? – Shamkovich, Leonid – 0-1 – Guldin, Lev Isaevich – G148 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. h3 d6 9. c3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1960 Skittles – Round ? – Blackstone, John – 1-0 – Dommeyer, Carl – G23 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. h3 O-O
1961 Match – Round 4 – Blackstone, John – 1-0 – Mortz, John R – G4 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1964 Tel Aviv olm fin-C – Round 8 – Mazzoni, Guy – 0-1 – Safvat, Younus – G51 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. h3 d6 9. c3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1964 URS Ch sf Kishinev MDA – Round ? – Kudriashov, Anatoli – 0-1 – Klovans, Janis – G11 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1965 HUN Ch 20th – Round ? – Pogats, Jozsef Jr. – 1/2-1/2 – Kluger, Gyula – G17 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1966 Mar del Plata 27th – Round 9 – Stein, Leonid – 1/2-1/2 – Reshevsky, Samuel – G34 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
36. Olympiad 2004 – Round 11 – Iordachescu, Viorel – 1/2-1/2 – Fressinet, Laurent – G402 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
Corus A 2005 – Round 1 – Short, Nigel D – 1/2-1/2 – Adams, Michael – G4 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5

C99k — Closed, Chigorin (1926)

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.O-O Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 O-O 8.c3 d6 9.h3 Na5 10.Bc2 c5 11.d4 Qc7 12.Nbd2 cxd4 13.cxd4 Nc6 14.d5

Les coups candidats

14…Nb4 — 96.0% (772 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Vontina, Maria (6x), Lukovic, Vladimir (4x), Nabavi, Parwis (4x), Gombar, Peter (4x), Zavgorodniaya, Alena (4x), Pott, Brian (4x), Kobese, Watu (4x), Sofieva, Ainur (3x)

14…Nb8 — 1.6% (13 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Blackstone, John (1x), Kakimi, Ben (1x), Alvarez Efres, Franklin Rafael (1x), Specchio, Robert (1x), Mariani, Stefano (1x), Scaletti, Luciano (1x), Flores, Diego (1x), Tournear Matias (1x)

14…Na5 — 1.4% (11 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Muhutdinov, Marat (1x), Bokan, Danko (1x), Martin, Bill (1x), El Messiry, Raouf (1x), Sorkovsky, Miroslav (1x), Marcinek, Michal (1x), Dambacher, Martijn (1x), Metsemakers, Peter (1x)

14…Nd8 — 0.7% (6 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Alkkiomaki, Jyrki (2x), Redondo Arguelles, Graciela (1x), Prieto Busto, Luis (1x), Beraud, Robert (1x), Habib, George (1x), Louhivaara, Jere (1x), Kyburz, Stefan (1x), Vaisse, Kevin (1x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	14…Nb4	14…Nb8	14…Na5	14…Nd8
<1800	66	89%	3%	3%	2%
1800-2200	391	96%	2%	1%	1%
2200-2600	214	99%	0%	1%	—
2600+	5	100%	—	—	—

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	14…Nb4	14…Nb8	14…Na5	14…Nd8
1950s	10	100%	—	—	—
1960s	19	95%	5%	—	—
1970s	18	100%	—	—	—
1980s	32	97%	3%	—	—
1990s	111	95%	2%	2%	1%
2000s	278	95%	1%	2%	1%
2010s	289	96%	2%	1%	0%
2020s	47	98%	2%	—	—

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
14…Nb4	96%	98%	▲ +1.7%
14…Nb8	2%	2%	+0.4%
14…Na5	1%	0%	▼ -1.0%
14…Nd8	0%	0%	-0.3%

Parties historiques

14…Nb4 — 96.0% (772 parties)

1951 — Lazare, S. vs Karoly, George — 1-0 — Melbourne AUS
1952 — Dake, Arthur William vs Kashdan, Isaac — 1/2-1/2 — Hollywood, CA
1952 — Mandrov, Dimitar vs Malchev, Andrej — 0-1 — Sofia BUL
1953 — Mardle, Denis vs AGBOLO, Green Laureta — 0-1 — Hastings ch-BCF
1953 — Glyde, Lawrence Alfred J vs Cook, Percy Baldwin — 1-0 — Hastings ENG

14…Nb8 — 1.6% (13 parties)

1963 — Blackstone, John vs Kakimi, Ben — 1-0 — California
1980 — Alvarez Efres, Franklin Rafael vs Specchio, Robert — 1-0 — Mexico City MEX
1996 — Flores, Diego vs Tournear Matias — 1-0 — Laguna PanAm ch-U14b
1997 — Mariani, Stefano vs Scaletti, Luciano — 0-1 — ITA
2002 — Zigangirova, Sofya vs Sommer, Sonja — 1-0 — Bled SLO

14…Na5 — 1.4% (11 parties)

1992 — Muhutdinov, Marat vs Bokan, Danko — 1-0 — Moscow RUS
1997 — Martin, Bill vs El Messiry, Raouf — 0-1 — IECC
2001 — Dambacher, Martijn vs Metsemakers, Peter — 1-0 — Voerendaal
2001 — Wiehagen, Juergen vs Kreie, Guenter — 1-0 — Dortmund GER
2001 — Ivanovic, Zeljko vs De Barros, Marco Antonio Salles — 1-0 — ICCF Email

14…Nd8 — 0.7% (6 parties)

1994 — Redondo Arguelles, Graciela vs Prieto Busto, Luis — 1-0 — Gijon
2001 — Louhivaara, Jere vs Alkkiomaki, Jyrki — 0-1 — Finland
2003 — Beraud, Robert vs Habib, George — 1/2-1/2 — Provence
2008 — Kyburz, Stefan vs Alkkiomaki, Jyrki — 1/2-1/2 — Vantaa
2009 — Vaisse, Kevin vs Desmas, William — 1-0 — Marseille FRA

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