C99k — Spanish: Closed, Chigorin, 13…Nc6 14.d5

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.O-O Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 O-O 8.c3 d6 9.h3 Na5 10.Bc2 c5 11.d4 Qc7 12.Nbd2 cxd4 13.cxd4 Nc6 14.d5 * ● Trait aux Noirs

Ouverture — Centre fermé

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

abcdefgh

Atouts. Les Blancs s'appuient sur un fou actif en c2 et la paire de fous.

Côté adverse. Les fous enfermés en e7 et c8.

En contrepartie. Plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le fou c1 et la tour a1).

Plans. Bg5 (Clouer Nf6) ; Tour sur colonne c.

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

hgfedcba

Atouts. Les Noirs s'appuient sur la case forte d4, un avant-poste en d4 et la paire de fous.

Côté adverse. Le fou enfermé en c1 et un mauvais fou en c2.

En contrepartie. Plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le fou c8 et la tour a8).

Plans. ...Bg4 (Développer Bc8, clouer Nf3) ; Tour sur colonne c.

Avantages

Faiblesses adverses

Diagonale active

Plans

Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	—
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	● g2→h3, e4→d5	● a6→b5, d6→e5
Passés	—	—
Majorité	—	—

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	—	● d4 (2v1)
Cases faibles	—	—
Centre	● e4 (3v1)	● d4 (2v1), ● e5 (2v1)

Colonnes et diagonales

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Ouvertes	● c	● c

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bc1	● Bc1 Non développé (mob. 0)
Bc2	● Bc2 Actif (mob. 4)
Be7		● Be7 Enfermé (mob. 1)
Bc8		● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 6)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Non développées	2 (c1, a1)	2 (c8, a8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Roqué	● Roqué
Droits de roque	—	—

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	fermé

Partie
1926 Hastings Premier /27 7th – Round 2 – Michell, Reginald – 0-1 – Teller, Alfred – G8 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1937 BCF Ch 30th – Round 1 – Michell, Reginald – 1/2-1/2 – Tylor, Theodore Henry – G4 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. d4 Qc7
1938 GBR Ch 31st – Round 2 – Aitken, James – 1/2-1/2 – Tylor, Theodore Henry – G4 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. d4 Qc7
1938 USA Ch – Round 3 – Cohen Revivo, Shoham – 1-0 – Kashdan, Isaac – G14 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. d4 Qc7
1939 Leningrad/Moscow – Round 10 – Rabinovich, Ilya Mar – 0-1 – Levenfish, Grigory – G8 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1939 Leningrad/Moscow – Round 12 – Rabinovich, Ilya Mar – 0-1 – Flohr, Salo – G92 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1940 Budapest – Round 1 – Von Balla, Zoltan – 0-1 – Barcza, Gedeon – G3 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. d4 Qc7
1940 New York ch-USA – Round 10 – Littman, G. – 1/2-1/2 – Kashdan, Isaac – G57 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. d4 Qc7
1940 USA Ch – Round 1 – Pinkus, Albert – 1/2-1/2 – Reinfeld, Fred – G1 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1946 Maastricht – Round 8 – Vlagsma, Chris – 0-1 – Van Scheltinga, Theo – G35 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1946 Staunton, Groningen NED – Round 15 – Yanofsky, Daniel Abraham – 1-0 – Botvinnik, Mikhail – G55 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1947 Schlechter Memorial – Round 11 – Galia, Karl – 1-0 – Szabo, Laszlo – G38 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1948 Buenos Aires – Round ? – Acebey Michel, Veroska – 1/2-1/2 – Najdorf, Miguel – G23 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1948 Karlovy Vary – Round 15 – Troianescu, Octav – 0-1 – Prins, Lodewijk – G146 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1953 Hastings ch-BCF – Round 8 – Mardle, Denis – 0-1 – Green, Arnold Yorvath – G75 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. h3 O-O
1959 URS Team Ch – Round ? – Shamkovich, Leonid – 0-1 – Guldin, Lev Isaevich – G148 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. h3 d6 9. c3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1960 Skittles – Round ? – Blackstone, John – 1-0 – Dommeyer, Carl – G23 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. h3 O-O
1961 Match – Round 4 – Blackstone, John – 1-0 – Mortz, John R – G4 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1964 Tel Aviv olm fin-C – Round 8 – Mazzoni, Guy – 0-1 – Safvat, Younus – G51 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. h3 d6 9. c3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1964 URS Ch sf Kishinev MDA – Round ? – Kudriashov, Anatoli – 0-1 – Klovans, Janis – G11 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1965 HUN Ch 20th – Round ? – Pogats, Jozsef Jr. – 1/2-1/2 – Kluger, Gyula – G17 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1966 Mar del Plata 27th – Round 9 – Stein, Leonid – 1/2-1/2 – Reshevsky, Samuel – G34 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
36. Olympiad 2004 – Round 11 – Iordachescu, Viorel – 1/2-1/2 – Fressinet, Laurent – G402 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
Corus A 2005 – Round 1 – Short, Nigel D – 1/2-1/2 – Adams, Michael – G4 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5

C99k — Closed Chigorin

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.O-O Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 O-O 8.c3 d6 9.h3 Na5 10.Bc2 c5 11.d4 Qc7 12.Nbd2 cxd4 13.cxd4 Nc6 14.d5

Eval: [+0.11]

Les coups candidats

14…Nb4 — 95.9% (790 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Vontina, Maria (6x), Gombar, Peter (5x), Kobese, Watu (5x), Kashdan, Isaac (4x), Adams, Michael (4x), Malinovsky, Karel (4x), Nabavi, Parwis (4x), Zavgorodniaya, Alena (4x)

14…Nb8 — 1.6% (13 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Blackstone, John (1x), Kakimi, Ben (1x), Alvarez Efres, Franklin Rafael (1x), Specchio, Robert (1x), Mariani Stefano (1x), Scaletti, Luciano (1x), Flores, Diego (1x), Tournear, Matias (1x)

14…Na5 — 1.3% (11 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Muhutdinov, Marat (1x), Bokan, Danko (1x), Martin, Bill (1x), El Messiry, Raouf (1x), Dambacher, Martijn (1x), Metsemakers, Peter (1x), Ivanovic, Zeljko (1x), De Barros, Marco Antonio Salles (1x)

14…Nd8 — 1.0% (8 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Tylor, Theodore Henry (2x), Alkkiomaki, Jyrki (2x), Michell, Reginald (1x), Aitken, James (1x), Redondo Arguelles, Graciela (1x), Prieto Busto, Luis (1x), Beraud, Robert (1x), Habib George (1x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	14…Nb4	14…Nb8	14…Na5	14…Nd8
<1800	30	83%	7%	7%	—
1800-2200	350	96%	2%	1%	1%
2200-2600	226	99%	0%	1%	—
2600+	5	100%	—	—	—

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	14…Nb4	14…Nb8	14…Na5	14…Nd8
1920s	1	100%	—	—	—
1930s	11	82%	—	—	18%
1940s	16	100%	—	—	—
1950s	10	100%	—	—	—
1960s	19	95%	5%	—	—
1970s	18	100%	—	—	—
1980s	30	97%	3%	—	—
1990s	112	96%	2%	2%	1%
2000s	277	95%	1%	2%	1%
2010s	286	96%	2%	1%	0%
2020s	44	98%	2%	—	—

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
14…Nb4	96%	98%	▲ +1.6%
14…Nb8	2%	2%	▲ +0.5%
14…Na5	1%	0%	▼ -1.0%
14…Nd8	0%	0%	-0.3%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Botvinnik, Mikhail — 1 partie

Parties historiques

14…Nb4 — 95.9% (790 parties)

1926 — Michell, Reginald vs Teller, Alfred — 0-1 — Hastings Town Hall
1930 — Steiner, Lajos vs Kashdan, Isaac — 0-1 — New York, NY USA
1938 — Cohen Revivo, Shoham vs Kashdan, Isaac — 1-0 — New York, NY USA
1938 — Rovner, Dmitry vs Pogrebissky, Iosif — 1/2-1/2 — Kiev UKR
1939 — Burdge, Harold vs Levin, Jerome A — 1/2-1/2 — Ventnor City

14…Nb8 — 1.6% (13 parties)

1963 — Blackstone, John vs Kakimi, Ben — 1-0 — California
1980 — Alvarez Efres, Franklin Rafael vs Specchio, Robert — 1-0 — Mexico City MEX
1996 — Flores, Diego vs Tournear, Matias — 1-0 — Laguna PanAm ch-U14b
1997 — Mariani Stefano vs Scaletti, Luciano — 0-1 — ITA
2002 — Zigangirova, Sofya vs Sommer, Sonja — 1-0 — Bled SLO

14…Na5 — 1.3% (11 parties)

1992 — Muhutdinov, Marat vs Bokan, Danko — 1-0 — Moscow RUS
1997 — Martin, Bill vs El Messiry, Raouf — 0-1 — IECC
2001 — Dambacher, Martijn vs Metsemakers, Peter — 1-0 — Voerendaal
2001 — Ivanovic, Zeljko vs De Barros, Marco Antonio Salles — 1-0 — ICCF Email
2001 — Wiehagen, Juergen vs Kreie, Guenter — 1-0 — Dortmund GER

14…Nd8 — 1.0% (8 parties)

1937 — Michell, Reginald vs Tylor, Theodore Henry — 1/2-1/2 — Blackpool, Imperial Hotel
1938 — Aitken, James vs Tylor, Theodore Henry — 1/2-1/2 — Brighton, Royal Pavilion
1994 — Redondo Arguelles, Graciela vs Prieto Busto, Luis — 1-0 — Gijon
2001 — Louhivaara, Jere vs Alkkiomaki, Jyrki — 0-1 — Finland
2003 — Beraud, Robert vs Habib George — 1/2-1/2 — Provence

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