Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	—
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	● g2→h3	● a6→b5, d6→e5
Passés	—	—
Majorité	—	—

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	● g5 (2v0)	—
Cases faibles	● d4	—
Centre	● e4 (2v1)	—

Colonnes et diagonales

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Ouvertes	● c	● c

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bc1	● Bc1 Non développé (mob. 5)
Bc2	● Bc2 Actif (mob. 4)
Be7		● Be7 Ok (mob. 1)
Bc8		● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 6)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Non développées	2 (● c1, ● a1)	2 (● c8, ● a8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Roqué	● Roqué
Droits de roque	—	—

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	fermé
Ruptures	—	● …d6-d5

C99j — Spanish: Closed, Chigorin, 13…Nc6 14.Nf1

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.O-O Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 O-O 8.c3 d6 9.h3 Na5 10.Bc2 c5 11.d4 Qc7 12.Nbd2 cxd4 13.cxd4 Nc6 14.Nf1 * ● Trait aux Noirs

Ouverture — Centre fermé

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

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Plan principal. Manœuvres et amélioration des pièces.

Atouts. Les Blancs s'appuient sur un contrôle dominant de g5 et un fou actif en c2.

En contrepartie. Plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le fou c1 et la tour a1).

Plans. Bf4 (Fou actif (mobilité 8), Développer c1 — 19 % des parties) ; Bg5 (Fou actif (mobilité 7), Développer c1 — 17 % des parties) ; Ng3 (9 % des parties) ; Bb3 (Clouer f7, Fou actif (mobilité 6) — 9 % des parties) ; Bb1 (8 % des parties).

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

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Plan principal. Jeu au centre (rupture d6-d5).

Côté adverse. Un mauvais fou en c2.

En contrepartie. Plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le fou c8 et la tour a8).

Plans. ...exd4 (Capture en d4, Occuper le centre — 48 % des parties) ; ...Nxd4 (Cavalier centralisé en d4 — 30 % des parties) ; ...Bd7 (Fou actif (mobilité 6), Développer c8 — 11 % des parties) ; ...Nb4 (7 % des parties).

Avantages

Faiblesses

Diagonale active

Plans

Partie
1911 San Sebastian – Round 8 – Leonhardt, Paul – 0-1 – Rubinstein, Akiba – G48 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1929 Budapest HUN – Round 1 – Van den Bosch, Johannes – 1-0 – Przepiorka, Dawid – G17 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. d4 Qc7
1937 Tbilisi ch-URS – Round 1 – Kasparian, Genrikh – 1-0 – Panov, Vasily – G111 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. d4 Qc7
1938 Ljubljana – Round 3 – Trifunovic, Petar – 1/2-1/2 – Asztalos, Lajos – G29 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. d4 Qc7
1939 Leningrad/Moscow – Round 7 – Belavenets, Sergey – 1/2-1/2 – Alatortsev, Vladimir N. – G55 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1939 Stuttgart – Round 5 – Engels, Ludwig – 1-0 – Hess, Thomas – G30 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. h3 Qc7
1942 Munich – Round 5 – Stoltz, Gösta – 1/2-1/2 – Bogoljubow, Efim – G38 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1945 Zlin – Round 11 – Florian, Jaromir – 0-1 – Pachman, Ludek – G9 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. d4 Qc7
1946 Nottingham ch-BCF – Round 3 – Alexander Ronald Cheng – 1-0 – Aabel Thomas Eapen – G30 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 d6 7. c3 b5 8. Bb3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. d4 Qc7
1947 URS Ch, semi final – Round 9 – Kopylov, Nikita – 0-1 – Chekhover, Vitaly – G55 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1948 GER Ch Essen GER – Round 10 – Schmid, Lothar – 1/2-1/2 – Unzicker, Wolfgang – G16 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1948 South Fallsburg ch-USA – Round 1 – Suraci, A. – 0-1 – Adams, Weaver – G95 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. h3 O-O
1949 URS Ch, semi final – Round 1 – Abramov, Leonid – 1/2-1/2 – Poliak, Abram – G81 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. h3 d6 9. c3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1955 Moscow Ch – Round 5 – Shcherbakov, Vitaly – 1/2-1/2 – Lilienthal, Andor – G34 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1955 Novi Sad – Round 15 – Milic, Borislav – 0-1 – Udovcic, Mijo – G116 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O b5 6. Bb3 Be7 7. Re1 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. h3 O-O
1956 Moscow olm fin-B – Round 11 – Johannessen, Simon T – 0-1 – Dworzynski, Roman – G126 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1957 San Benedetto – Round 11 – Giustolisi, Alberto – 1-0 – Lilloni, Luciano – G56 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1957 Wenen etc – Round 2 – Bertok, Mario Jr. – 1/2-1/2 – Blatny, Frantisek – G16 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1958 Munich olm prel – Round 4 – Durão, Joaquim Manuel – 1/2-1/2 – Dunkelblum, Arthur – G32 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1960 Santa Fe – Round 1 – Rossetto, Hector – 0-1 – Szabo, Ladislav – G18 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. h3 d6 9. c3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1962 Olympiad Varna BUL – Round ? – Brinck-Claussen, Bjorn – 1-0 – Safvat, Younus – G63 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1962 Varna ol (Men) fin-B – Round 9 – Kraidman, Yair – 1-0 – Buskenstrom, Sven – G19 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1962 Varna olm – Round 8 – Brinck-Claussen, Bjorn – 1-0 – Safvat, Younus – G374 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1963 CSR Ch sf – Round 4.6 – Pribyl, Josef – 0-1 – Hajek, Miroslav – G19 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Be7 5. O-O b5 6. Bb3 Nf6 7. Re1 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. h3 Qc7
1964 Moscow RUS – Round 2 – Klovans, Janis – 1/2-1/2 – Gipslis, Aivars – G10 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1966 Stockholm jub 6667 – Round 1 – Litsberger, Rune – 1/2-1/2 – Book, Eero – G3 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O b5 6. Bb3 Be7 7. Re1 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1966 WchTJ U26 fin-A – Round 2 – Neukirch, Detlef – 1/2-1/2 – Ree, Hans – G10 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1968 Lugano ol (Men) fin-D – Round 1 – Huguet, Bernard – 1-0 – Gomez Antonio, P. – G5 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1969 Mar del Plata zt – Round ? – Riego, Victorio – 1-0 – Alvarez del Monte, Jose – G72 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5

C99j — Closed, Chigorin (1911)

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.O-O Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 O-O 8.c3 d6 9.h3 Na5 10.Bc2 c5 11.d4 Qc7 12.Nbd2 cxd4 13.cxd4 Nc6 14.Nf1

Les coups candidats

14…exd4 — 52.9% (156 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Lengyel, Bela (3x), Gheorghiu, Florin (2x), Brinck-Claussen, Bjorn (2x), Bouna, Safwan younes (2x), Alvarez, Jose-Luis (2x), Espinoza Palomino, Willyam (2x), Vontina, Maria (2x), Litsberger, Rune (1x)

14…Nxd4 — 26.8% (79 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Klausen, Knud (4x), Gumprich, Kurt (2x), Pinto Paiva, Jose (1x), Cotta, Eduardo (1x), Heinonen Martti (1x), Snellman Sven (1x), Palme, Rudolf (1x), Booth, Harry (1x)

14…Bd7 — 7.8% (23 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Woodhams, Michael (1x), Tompuri, Ismo (1x), De Pinto Paiva, Jose (1x), Miranda, Marcio Marcos do Carmo (1x), Pribyl, Josef (1x), Hajek, Miroslav (1x), Novacek, Josef (1x), Holeksa, Milos (1x)

14…Nb4 — 6.8% (20 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Daamen, Ferry (2x), Huguet, Bernard (1x), Gomez, Pedro (1x), Sanz Alonso, Francisco Javier (1x), Burdio Gracia, Delfin (1x), Kaposztas, Miklos (1x), Ksieski, Zbigniew (1x), Maes, Wim (1x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	14…exd4	14…Nxd4	14…Bd7	14…Nb4
<1800	13	38%	23%	8%	15%
1800-2200	139	53%	24%	10%	6%
2200-2600	66	65%	21%	3%	6%

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	14…exd4	14…Nxd4	14…Bd7	14…Nb4
1950s	11	64%	36%	—	—
1960s	29	48%	34%	14%	3%
1970s	22	41%	36%	9%	5%
1980s	28	46%	18%	14%	14%
1990s	33	48%	33%	6%	12%
2000s	87	57%	21%	8%	6%
2010s	74	57%	27%	3%	7%
2020s	11	45%	27%	18%	—

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
14…exd4	57%	45%	▼ -11.3%
14…Nxd4	27%	27%	+0.2%
14…Bd7	3%	18%	▲ +15.5%
14…Nb4	7%	0%	▼ -6.8%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Karpov, Anatoly — 1 partie

Parties historiques

14…exd4 — 52.9% (156 parties)

1951 — von Saldern, Ruediger vs Stahl, Franz — 0-1 — Leipzig GER
1951 — Salas Romo, Julio vs Letelier Martner, Rene — 0-1 — Santiago de Chile
1954 — Ackermann, Herbert vs Meyer, Eugene — 1-0 — FRG M/6 [Ahues,C
1955 — Milic, Borislav vs Udovcic, Mijo — 0-1 — Novi Sad SRB
1955 — Salov, Vitaly V. vs Lilienthal, Andor — 1/2-1/2 — Moscow RUS

14…Nxd4 — 26.8% (79 parties)

1951 — Gumprich, Kurt vs De Carbonnel, Heinz — 1-0 — ?
1952 — Gumprich, Kurt vs Palme, Rudolf — 1-0 — Berlin-Innsbruck
1956 — Johannessen, Svein vs Dworzynski, Roman — 0-1 — Moskou olm
1957 — Bertok, Mario Jr. vs Blatny, Frantisek — 1/2-1/2 — Wenen etc
1962 — Green, Barry N vs Groak, SJ. — 0-1 — Whitby

14…Bd7 — 7.8% (23 parties)

1963 — Pribyl, Josef vs Hajek, Miroslav — 0-1 — Zvolen
1966 — De Pinto Paiva, Jose vs Miranda, Marcio Marcos do Carmo — 1/2-1/2 — Belo Horizonte
1967 — Woodhams, Michael vs Tompuri, Ismo — 1-0 — Jerusalem ISR
1968 — Novacek, Josef vs Holeksa, Milos — 0-1 — Prague CZE
1977 — Garcia, Gildardo vs Henao, Raul Fernando — 1-0 — Medellin ch COL

14…Nb4 — 6.8% (20 parties)

1968 — Huguet, Bernard vs Gomez, Pedro — 1-0 — Lugano olm
1970 — Sanz Alonso, Francisco Javier vs Burdio Gracia, Delfin — 1/2-1/2 — Aviles ESP
1983 — Mahmood Lodhi vs Faroghi, Khalid Burhanuddin — 1-0 — New Delhi IND
1984 — Maes, Wim vs Daamen, Ferry — 0-1 — Valkenswaard
1986 — Kaposztas, Miklos vs Ksieski, Zbigniew — 1/2-1/2 — Rzeszow

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