Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	—
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	● b2→a3, g2→h3	● a6→b5, d6→e5
Passés	—	—
Majorité	—	—

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	—	—
Cases faibles	● d4	—
Centre	● e4 (3v1)	● d4 (2v1)

Colonnes et diagonales

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Ouvertes	● c	● c

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bc1	● Bc1 Non développé (mob. 0)
Bc2	● Bc2 Actif (mob. 4)
Be7		● Be7 Ok (mob. 1)
Bc8		● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 6)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Non développées	2 (● c1, ● a1)	2 (● c8, ● a8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Roqué	● Roqué
Droits de roque	—	—

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	fermé
Ruptures	—	● …d6-d5

C99i — Spanish: Closed, Chigorin, 13…Nc6 14.a3

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.O-O Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 O-O 8.c3 d6 9.h3 Na5 10.Bc2 c5 11.d4 Qc7 12.Nbd2 cxd4 13.cxd4 Nc6 14.a3 * ● Trait aux Noirs

Ouverture — Centre fermé

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

abcdefgh

Plan principal. Manœuvres et amélioration des pièces.

Atouts. Les Blancs s'appuient sur un fou actif en c2.

En contrepartie. Plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le fou c1 et la tour a1).

Plans. Nb3 (56 % des parties) ; d5 (Occuper le centre — 28 % des parties) ; b4 (Expansion aile dame — 6 % des parties).

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

hgfedcba

Plan principal. Jeu au centre (rupture d6-d5).

Côté adverse. Un mauvais fou en c1.

En contrepartie. Plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le fou c8 et la tour a8).

Plans. ...Bd7 (Fou actif (mobilité 6), Développer c8 — 47 % des parties) ; ...exd4 (Capture en d4, Occuper le centre — 26 % des parties) ; ...Qa7 (Contrôle diagonale a7-g1 — 7 % des parties).

Avantages

Faiblesses

Diagonale active

Plans

Partie
1940 Moskou ch-URS – Round 1 – Smyslov, Vladimir – 1/2-1/2 – Botvinnik, Mikhail – G101 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. h3 O-O 9. c3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1940 Rakovnik – Round 5 – Treybal, Karel – 1-0 – Dobias, Josef – G28 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. d4 Qc7
1945 Ljubljana Liberation – Round 5 – Milic, Borislav – 1/2-1/2 – Pirc, Vasja – G15 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1947 Hilversum zt – Round 6 – Pachman, Ludek – 1-0 – Blau, Max – G31 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1952 Rio de Janeiro – Round 3 – Vasconcelos, Fernando – 1/2-1/2 – Mangini, Jose Henrique de Mello – G15 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1952 Rio de Janeiro – Round 7 – Rabar, Braslav – 1-0 – Mangini, Jose Henrique de Mello – G38 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1953 Hastings ch-BCF – Round 11 – Clarke, Paul R H – 1/2-1/2 – Cook, Patrick – G101 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1955 Ljubljana – Round 14 – Puc, Stojan – 1/2-1/2 – Milic, Borislav – G123 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. h3 d6 9. c3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1958 Munich olm fin-C – Round 10 – Aitken, James – 1-0 – Safvat, Yousof – G29 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1960 UKR Ch sf – Round 17 – Ousatchi, Mark – 1-0 – Levin Godoy, Matias Bastian – G111 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1961 Clare Benedict Cup 08th – Round 1.2 – Walther, Edgar – 1/2-1/2 – Haygarth, Michael J – G6 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1964 Tel Aviv olm fin-C – Round 11 – Walther, Edgar – 0-1 – Safvat, Younus – G67 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. h3 O-O 9. c3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1965 Leipzig Inter-1 – Round 14 – Fuchs, Reinhart – 1/2-1/2 – Zinn, Lothar – G33 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1966 Malmo – Round 4 – Westman, Jan Erik – 1/2-1/2 – Horberg, Bengt-Eric – G8 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1967 URS Team Ch – Round ? – Keres, Paul – 1-0 – Borisenko, Georgy K – G150 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1967 USSR – Round 1 – Zaitsev, Igor A – 1/2-1/2 – Kholmov, Ratmir D – G44 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1968 URS-ch36 – Round 16 – Tal, Mikhail – 0-1 – Vasiukov, Evgeni – G9 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1969 Moskou ch-URS – Round 1 – Tal, Mikhail – 1-0 – Kholmov, Ratmir D – G169 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
Corus A 2005 – Round 4 – Anand, Viswanathan – 1/2-1/2 – Svidler, Peter – G27 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
Dos Hermanas 1996 – Round 5 – Polgar, Judit – 1/2-1/2 – Kamsky, Gata – G17 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
Rio de Janeiro Interzonal 1979 – Round 17 – Torre, Eugenio – 1/2-1/2 – Petrosian, Tigran V – G55 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
TCh-RUS 2008 – Round 7 – Galkin, Alexander – 1-0 – Romanov, Egor S. – G190 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
Tilburg 1982 – Round 7 – Timman, Jan H – 1-0 – Torre, Eugenio – G7 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
XXI SuperGM 2004 – Round 2 – Kramnik, Vladimir – 1/2-1/2 – Shirov, Alexei – G5 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
Yerevan ol (Men) 1996 – Round 12 – Leko, Peter – 0-1 – Sturua, Zurab – G182 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5

C99i — Closed, Chigorin (1940)

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.O-O Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 O-O 8.c3 d6 9.h3 Na5 10.Bc2 c5 11.d4 Qc7 12.Nbd2 cxd4 13.cxd4 Nc6 14.a3

Les coups candidats

14…Bd7 — 53.1% (314 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Zielinski, Sergej (12x), Pott, Brian (7x), Milde, Lars (5x), Carrizo, Jose Andres (4x), O`Brien, Glenn (4x), Gerber, K (3x), Dorfman, Iossif (3x), Espinoza Palomino, Willyam (3x)

14…exd4 — 31.5% (186 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Zielinski, Sergej (6x), Pasti, Aron (5x), Tal, Mikhail (3x), Suetin, Alexey S (2x), Jansa, Vlastimil (2x), Kholmov, Ratmir D (2x), Avotins, Maigonis (2x), Brzeszkiewicz, Edmund (2x)

14…Nxd4 — 5.2% (31 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Kuuse, Klaus (2x), Roselli, Juan Pablo (1x), Vazquez, Lautaro Tomas (1x), Dost, Andreas (1x), Heigl, Rudolf (1x), Polgar, Judit (1x), Kamsky, Gata (1x), Aum Pethani (1x)

14…a5 — 3.2% (19 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Sakharov, Yuri N (1x), Yanitsky, Yury (1x), Palciauskas, Victor V (1x), Sarosy, Zoltan L (1x), Robichaud, Louis (1x), Mills, Ken (1x), Wisloff-Nilssen, Sven (1x), Gausel, Einar J (1x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	14…Bd7	14…exd4	14…Nxd4	14…a5
<1800	43	65%	19%	5%	5%
1800-2200	219	62%	26%	5%	2%
2200-2600	240	45%	40%	5%	4%
2600+	10	30%	50%	20%	—

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	14…Bd7	14…exd4	14…Nxd4	14…a5
1950s	6	83%	—	—	—
1960s	15	47%	27%	—	7%
1970s	30	40%	33%	—	3%
1980s	19	47%	21%	5%	5%
1990s	18	50%	17%	17%	6%
2000s	170	62%	21%	8%	4%
2010s	276	53%	37%	4%	2%
2020s	57	39%	49%	4%	4%

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
14…Bd7	53%	39%	▼ -13.9%
14…exd4	37%	49%	▲ +12.5%
14…Nxd4	4%	4%	-0.5%
14…a5	2%	4%	▲ +1.3%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Tal, Mikhail — 3 parties
Anand, Viswanathan — 2 parties
Kramnik, Vladimir — 1 partie
Hou, Yifan — 1 partie

Parties historiques

14…Bd7 — 53.1% (314 parties)

1950 — Watzal, Dennis vs Madsen, Svend Aage — 1-0 — ?
1952 — Vasconcelos, Fernando vs Mangini, Jose Henrique de Mello — 1/2-1/2 — Rio de Janeiro BRA
1952 — Rabar, Braslav vs Mangini, Jose Henrique de Mello — 1-0 — Rio de Janeiro BRA
1955 — Puc, Stojan vs Milic, Borislav — 1/2-1/2 — Ljubljana
1958 — Abiolla James vs Bouna, Safwan younes — 1-0 — Munich GER

14…exd4 — 31.5% (186 parties)

1965 — Johansson, Martin 1979 vs Nilsson, Zandor — 0-1 — Sarspelet om SM titeln
1968 — Tal, Mikhail vs Averbakh, Yuri L — 1/2-1/2 — Alma Ata KAZ
1968 — Tal, Mikhail vs Vasiukov, Evgeni — 0-1 — URS
1969 — Tal, Mikhail vs Kholmov, Ratmir D — 1-0 — Moskou ch-URS
1970 — Dely, Peter vs Bak, Istvan — 1/2-1/2 — Budapest HUN

14…Nxd4 — 5.2% (31 parties)

1985 — Roselli, Juan Pablo vs Vazquez, Lautaro Tomas — 0-1 — La Hora
1993 — Aum Pethani vs ? — 0-1 — Leiden NED
1996 — Polgar, Judit vs Kamsky, Gata — 1/2-1/2 — Dos Hermanas ESP
1999 — Dost, Andreas vs Heigl, Rudolf — 1/2-1/2 — Bayern
2001 — Bubir, Alex Nikolaevich vs Zalai, Mihaly Dr. — 1/2-1/2 — IECG

14…a5 — 3.2% (19 parties)

1967 — Sakharov, Yuri N vs Yanitsky, Yury — 1-0 — Kiev UKR
1976 — Palciauskas, Victor V vs Sarosy, Zoltan L — 1-0 — NAICCC II corr
1983 — Robichaud, Louis vs Mills, Ken — 1-0 — CAN
1993 — Wisloff-Nilssen, Sven vs Gausel, Einar J — 0-1 — Tromsoe
2000 — Abdel Aziem, Ramadan vs Sarwat, Walaa — 1-0 — Cairo EGY

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