Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	—
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	● b2→c3, g2→h3, e4→d5	● a6→b5, d6→c5, d6→e5
Passés	—	—
Majorité	—	—

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	—	—
Cases faibles	—	—
Centre	● e4 (3v1)	—

Colonnes et diagonales

♔ Blancs

♚ Noirs

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bc1	● Bc1 Non développé (mob. 0)
Bc2	● Bc2 Mauvais (mob. 3)
Be7		● Be7 Ok (mob. 0)
Bc8		● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 6)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Non développées	2 (● c1, ● a1)	2 (● c8, ● a8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Roqué	● Roqué
Droits de roque	—	—

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	fermé
Ruptures	● c3-c4	—

C98i — Spanish: Closed, Chigorin, 12…Nc6 13.d5 Nd8 14.a4

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.O-O Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 O-O 8.c3 d6 9.h3 Na5 10.Bc2 c5 11.d4 Qc7 12.Nbd2 Nc6 13.d5 Nd8 14.a4 * ● Trait aux Noirs

Ouverture — Centre fermé

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

abcdefgh

Plan principal. Jeu au centre (rupture c3-c4).

En contrepartie. Plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le fou c1 et la tour a1).

Plans. axb5 (Capture en b5, Expansion aile dame — 49 % des parties) ; b4 (Expansion aile dame — 28 % des parties) ; c4 (Frapper le centre adverse — 9 % des parties) ; Nf1 (8 % des parties).

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

hgfedcba

Plan principal. Jeu sur l'aile dame.

Côté adverse. Un mauvais fou en c2.

En contrepartie. Plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le fou c8 et la tour a8) et le fou e7 reste passif.

Plans. ...Rb8 (89 % des parties) ; ...Qb7 (3 % des parties).

Avantages

Faiblesses

Diagonale active

Plans

Partie
1924 WECU Major Open 2nd – Round 1 – Blake, Joseph – 1-0 – Mackenzie, Arthur J – G1 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. d4 Qc7
1925 Baden-Baden – Round ? – Bogoljubow, Efim – 1/2-1/2 – Rubinstein, Akiba – G179 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1926 Berlin – Round ? – Bogoljubow, Efim – 1/2-1/2 – Rubinstein, Akiba – G40 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1927 New York – Round 12 – Capablanca, Jose – 1-0 – Milan Vidmar – G51 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. d4 Qc7
1928 The Hague ol (Men) – Round 11 – Naegeli, Oskar – 1-0 – Wertheim, Willem F – G74 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1928 The Hague ol (Men) – Round 4 – Nagy, Geza – 1-0 – Makarczyk, Kazimierz – G28 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1932 IFSB Bundesmeisterschaft – Round ? – Keemink, John W – 1/2-1/2 – Mueller, Hans – G14 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. d4 Qc7
1935 Tatatovaros – Round 17 – Steiner, Endre – 1/2-1/2 – Merenyi, Lajos – G93 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. h3 d6 9. c3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1936 Bad Nauheim – Round 4 – Keres, Paul – 1-0 – Vidmar, Milan Sr – G19 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1938 Krakow Krakow POL – Round ? – Poschauko, Karl – 1-0 – Gruenfeld, Ernst – G21 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1939 Leningrad/Moscow – Round 12 – Smyslov, Vasily – 1/2-1/2 – Levenfish, Grigory – G93 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1940 Berlin – Round 5 – Rellstab, Ludwig Sr – 1/2-1/2 – Kunerth, Werner E – G18 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O d6 6. c3 b5 7. Bb3 Be7 8. Re1 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1947 Schlechter Memorial – Round 3 – Palda, Karl – 1/2-1/2 – Cs. Kovacs, Laszlo – G7 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. d4 Qc7
1947 Schlechter Memorial – Round 9 – Cs. Kovacs, Laszlo – 1/2-1/2 – Gruenfeld, Ernst – G30 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1953 Mar del Plata – Round 11 – Medina-Garcia, Antonio – 0-1 – Cuellar Gacharna, Miguel – G119 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O b5 6. Bb3 Be7 7. Re1 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1953 Mitropa Cup – Round 3 – Hecht, Hans-Joachim – 1/2-1/2 – Stoeckl, Ernst – G17 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. h3 d6 9. c3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1955 CSR Ch – Round 11 – Urbanec, Karel – 1/2-1/2 – Pithart, Frantisek – G86 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 Na5 9. Bc2 c5 10. d4 Qc7
1955 Long Beach US-open – Round 12 – Evans, Larry Melvin – 0-1 – Rossolimo, Nicolas – G69 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1958 Haifa/Tel Aviv – Round 8 – Burstein, S – 1/2-1/2 – Dunkelblum, Arthur – G48 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1964 Amsterdam Interzonal – Round 19 – Stein, Leonid – 1-0 – Ivkov, Borislav – G196 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1966 La Habana olm prel – Round 7 – O'Kelly de Galway, Alberic – 1/2-1/2 – Jimenez Zerquera, Eleazar – G115 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1967 Capablanca Memorial – Round 12 – Schmid, Lothar – 1/2-1/2 – Smyslov, Vasily – G110 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1967 CSR Ch – Round 6 – Blatny, Frantisek – 1/2-1/2 – Novak, Ervin – G41 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1968 Lugano ol (Men) fin-A – Round 12 – Schmid, Lothar – 1/2-1/2 – Korchnoi, Viktor – G70 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
1970 Palma de Mallorca Interzonal – Round 16 – Geller, Efim P – 1-0 – Smyslov, Vassily – G220 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d6 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
Tilburg Fontys 1998 – Round 2 – Svidler, Peter – 1-0 – Piket, Jeroen – G6 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5
URS-ch41 1973 – Round 7 – Karpov, Anatoly – 1/2-1/2 – Spassky, Boris V. – G7 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 O-O 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5

C98i — Closed, Chigorin (1924)

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.O-O Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 O-O 8.c3 d6 9.h3 Na5 10.Bc2 c5 11.d4 Qc7 12.Nbd2 Nc6 13.d5 Nd8 14.a4

Les coups candidats

14…Rb8 — 93.4% (734 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Zielinski, Sergej (19x), Grotnes, Nils Ragnar (12x), Rubil, Marko (12x), Tuma, Jiri (8x), Evans, Gordon R Dr (7x), Ould Ahmed, Samy (7x), Nickl, Klaus (6x), Kovachev, Daniel Jakobsen (6x)

14…Qb7 — 2.2% (17 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Rowies, Antoine Rene S. (3x), Nikolic, Zivoslav (2x), Struhar, Jan (2x), Bierwisch, Bernhard (2x), Stambulian, Arsen (2x), Popovic, Petar (1x), Jansa, Vlastimil (1x), Schwarz, Dusan (1x)

14…Bb7 — 1.5% (12 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Matulovic, Milan (2x), Govedarica, Radovan (1x), Rocha, Antonio (1x), Segal, Alexandru Sorin (1x), Gheorghiu, Florin (1x), Yanofsky, Daniel Abraham (1x), Pesantes, Carlos (1x), Asrian, Karen (1x)

14…b4 — 0.9% (7 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Christian Fernandes (1x), Roethel, Michel (1x), Walisiak, Roman (1x), Kovac, Imrich (1x), Kaiser, Helmut (1x), Bierwisch, Bernhard (1x), Innala, Heikki-Pekka (1x), Kiltti, Jyrki (1x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	14…Rb8	14…Qb7	14…Bb7	14…b4
<1800	21	86%	—	14%	—
1800-2200	270	97%	1%	1%	1%
2200-2600	341	93%	3%	1%	1%
2600+	6	83%	17%	—	—

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	14…Rb8	14…Qb7	14…Bb7	14…b4
1950s	8	88%	—	—	12%
1960s	9	100%	—	—	—
1970s	52	87%	—	6%	—
1980s	52	92%	4%	2%	2%
1990s	88	88%	6%	1%	2%
2000s	275	94%	3%	1%	0%
2010s	268	96%	0%	1%	1%
2020s	34	97%	3%	—	—

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
14…Rb8	96%	97%	▲ +1.2%
14…Qb7	0%	3%	▲ +2.6%
14…Bb7	1%	0%	▼ -1.1%
14…b4	1%	0%	▼ -0.7%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Karpov, Anatoly — 5 parties
Carlsen, Magnus — 1 partie

Parties historiques

14…Rb8 — 93.4% (734 parties)

1953 — Medina-Garcia, Antonio vs Cuellar Gacharna, Miguel — 0-1 — Mar del Plata ARG
1953 — Hecht, Hans-Joachim vs Stoeckl, Ernst — 1/2-1/2 — Vienna AUT
1954 — Muller, Hans vs Volkmann, K — 1-0 — Dyckhoff mem-B corr5456
1955 — Evans, Larry vs Rossolimo, Nicolas — 0-1 — ?
1955 — Evans, Larry vs Rossolimo, Nicolas — 0-1 — USA

14…Qb7 — 2.2% (17 parties)

1982 — Jansa, Vlastimil vs Nikolic, Zivoslav — 1/2-1/2 — Vrnjacka Banja SRB
1989 — Popovic, Petar vs Nikolic, Zivoslav — 1/2-1/2 — Pljevlja
1992 — Graf, Christian vs Bierwisch, Bernhard — 1/2-1/2 — Germany ch-23 prel-8
1992 — Haese, Gerhard vs Bierwisch, Bernhard — 1-0 — Germany ch-23 prel-8
1998 — Svidler, Peter vs Piket, Jeroen — 1-0 — Tilburg NED

14…Bb7 — 1.5% (12 parties)

1970 — Gheorghiu, Florin vs Matulovic, Milan — 1-0 — Skopje MKD
1972 — Yanofsky, Daniel Abraham vs Pesantes, Carlos — 0-1 — Skopje olm
1978 — Matulovic, Milan vs Govedarica, Radovan — 1-0 — Odzaci
1984 — Rocha, Antonio vs Segal, Alexandru Sorin — 1/2-1/2 — Cabo Frio
1993 — Asrian, Karen vs Maros, Milan — 1/2-1/2 — Bratislava WchJM-U16

14…b4 — 0.9% (7 parties)

1955 — Christian Fernandes vs Roethel, Michel — 1/2-1/2 — Toulouse FRA
1988 — Walisiak, Roman vs Kovac, Imrich — 1-0 — ?
1992 — Kaiser, Helmut vs Bierwisch, Bernhard — 0-1 — FRG-ch21 corr8790
1998 — Innala, Heikki-Pekka vs Kiltti, Jyrki — 1-0 — Finland
2002 — Gorge, Eric vs Carrettoni, Angelo — 1/2-1/2 — ICCF Email

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