C85e — Spanish: Closed, Exchange, 7.Nc3 Bg4

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.O-O Be7 6.Bxc6 dxc6 7.Nc3 Bg4 * ○ Trait aux Blancs

Ouverture — Centre fermé

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

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Plan principal. Attaque sur l'aile roi (h3 dans 90 % des parties).

Côté adverse. Le roi resté au centre et une pièce en prise (le pion en e5).

En contrepartie. Plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le fou c1 et la tour a1).

Plans. h3 (Empêcher ...Bg4 — 90 % des parties) ; Qe2 (Pression sur colonne e — 6 % des parties).

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

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Plan principal. Manœuvres et amélioration des pièces.

Atouts. Les Noirs s'appuient sur une majorité de pions à l'aile dame (4 contre 3), un contrôle dominant de d4 et b5, des fous actifs en g4 et e7, la paire de fous et la colonne semi-ouverte d.

En contrepartie. Le roi n'est pas encore à l'abri et plusieurs pièces dorment encore (les tours a8 et h8).

Plans. ...Bh5 (76 % des parties) ; ...Bxf3 (Fou actif (mobilité 6) — 14 % des parties).

Avantages

Faiblesses

Diagonale active

Plans

Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	● c6, ● c7
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	—	● b7→a6, b7→c6
Passés	—	—
Majorité	—	● aile dame 4v3

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	—	● d4 (2v1), ● b5 (2v1)
Cases faibles	—	—
Centre	● e5 (1v0)	● d4 (2v1), ● d5 (3v2)

Colonnes et diagonales

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Semi-ouvertes	—	● d

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bc1	● Bc1 Non développé (mob. 0)
Bg4		● Bg4 Actif (mob. 7)
Be7		● Be7 Actif (mob. 5)
Paire de fous	Non	● Oui
Non développées	2 (● c1, ● a1)	2 (● a8, ● h8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Roqué	● Au centre !
Droits de roque	—	O-O / O-O-O

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	fermé
Ruptures	● d2-d4	—

Partie
1931 New York – Round 1 – Capablanca, Jose – 1/2-1/2 – Empire City – G14 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Bxc6 dxc6 7. Nc3 Bg4 8. d3 Qd6 9. Qe2 Nd7 10. h3 Bh5
1936 New York ch-USA – Round 6 – Simonson, Albert – 1-0 – Adams, Weaver – G19 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Bxc6 dxc6 7. Nc3 Bg4 8. h3 Bxf3 9. Qxf3 O-O 10. d3 Qd6
1946 ENG-URS radio – Round 1 – Klein Hansen, Emil – 1/2-1/2 – Keres, Paul – G8 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Bxc6 dxc6 7. Nc3 Bg4 8. h3 Bh5 9. g4 Bg6 10. Qe2 Nd7
1946 Staunton, Groningen NED – Round 15 – Euwe, Max – 1-0 – Vidmar, Milan Sr – G54 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Bxc6 dxc6 7. Nc3 Bg4 8. h3 Bxf3 9. Qxf3 Qd6 10. d3 O-O-O
1949 Gambit CC Ch – Round 1 – Anderson, Frank Ross – 1-0 – Orlando, Roy – G1 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Bxc6 dxc6 7. Nc3 Bg4 8. h3 Bh5 9. Qe2 Qc8 10. Qe3 Bxf3
1951 Hungary Ch – Round 1 – Hajtun, Jozsef – 1/2-1/2 – Borloy, Karoly – G76 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Bxc6 dxc6 7. Nc3 Bg4 8. h3 Bxf3 9. Qxf3 O-O 10. d3 Qd6
1955 Moscow Ch – Round 11 – Khasin, Abram – 1/2-1/2 – Vasiukov, Evgeni – G71 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Bxc6 dxc6 7. Nc3 Bg4 8. h3 Bh5 9. d3 Qc8 10. Kh1 Nd7
1955 Zagreb – Round 18 – Bisguier, Arthur B – 1/2-1/2 – Ivkov, Borislav – G180 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. Nc3 Be7 6. Bxc6 dxc6 7. O-O Bg4 8. d3 Nd7 9. Qe2 O-O 10. h3 Bh5
1957 Moskou ch-URS – Round 8 – Nezhmetdinov, Rashid – 1/2-1/2 – Bannik, Anatolij – G86 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Bxc6 dxc6 7. Nc3 Bg4 8. d3 Nd7 9. Qe2 Bd6 10. h3 Bxf3
1957 Przepiorka Memorial – Round 7 – Kholmov, Ratmir D – 1-0 – Dzieciolowski, Adam – G46 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Bxc6 dxc6 7. Nc3 Bg4 8. h3 Bxf3 9. Qxf3 Qd6 10. a3 Nd7
1959 URS Team Ch – Round 1 – Nezhmetdinov, Rashid – 1/2-1/2 – Geller, Efim P – G84 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Bxc6 dxc6 7. Nc3 Bg4 8. h3 Bh5 9. Qe2 Nd7 10. g4 Bg6
1960 Leipzig olm fin-A – Round 10 – Pietzsch, Wolfgang – 1/2-1/2 – Barcza, Gedeon – G14 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Bxc6 dxc6 7. Nc3 Bg4 8. h3 Bxf3 9. Qxf3 O-O 10. d3 Nd7
1960 Leipzig olm fin-A – Round 8 – Radovici, Corvin – 0-1 – Padevsky, Nikola – G148 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Bxc6 dxc6 7. Nc3 Bg4 8. h3 Bh5 9. Qe2 Qd6 10. g4 Nxg4
1960 Mar del Plata – Round 13 – Fischer, Robert J – 1-0 – Alvarez del Monte, Jose – G104 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Bxc6 dxc6 7. Nc3 Bg4 8. h3 Bh5 9. Qe2 Nd7 10. Nd1 Nc5
1960 Prague radio sim – Round ? – Tal, Mikhail – 1-0 – Hudec, Jan – G14 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Bxc6 dxc6 7. Nc3 Bg4 8. h3 Bh5 9. Qe2 Bxf3 10. Qxf3 Qd6
1960 UKR Ch sf – Round 1 – Novopashin, Arkady – 1/2-1/2 – Ousatchi, Mark – G6 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Bxc6 dxc6 7. Nc3 Bg4 8. h3 Bxf3 9. Qxf3 O-O 10. d3 Qd6
1961 Alekhine Memorial – Round 1 – Tal, Mikhail – 1/2-1/2 – Keres, Paul – G2 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Bxc6 dxc6 7. Nc3 Bg4 8. h3 Bh5 9. Qe2 Qc8 10. d3 h6
1961 Bled – Round 9 – Tal, Mikhail – 1/2-1/2 – Keres, Paul Petrovich – G87 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Bxc6 dxc6 7. Nc3 Bg4 8. h3 Bh5 9. Qe2 Qc8 10. d3 h6
1961 Palanga Baltic Ch – Round ? – Klavins, Janis – 0-1 – Oim, Tonu – G53 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Bxc6 dxc6 7. Nc3 Bg4 8. h3 Bxf3 9. Qxf3 Qd6 10. Nd1 Qe6
1962 Erevan ch-URS – Round 1 – Kholmov, Ratmir D – 1/2-1/2 – Novopashin, Arkady – G132 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Bxc6 dxc6 7. Nc3 Bg4 8. Qe2 Nd7 9. h3 Bh5 10. d3 Bg5
1962 Varna olm – Round 2 – Robatsch, Karl – 1/2-1/2 – Jimenez Zerquera, Eleazar – G103 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Bxc6 dxc6 7. Nc3 Bg4 8. h3 Bh5 9. d3 Bd6 10. Qe2 Qd7
1963 HUN-RSFSR – Round 1.4 – Nezhmetdinov, Rashid – 0-1 – Lengyel, Levente – G5 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Bxc6 dxc6 7. Nc3 Bg4 8. h3 Bh5 9. Qe2 Nd7 10. Nd1 f6
1963 LAT Ch – Round ? – Shmit, Anatoly – 1/2-1/2 – Korelov, Alexander P – G58 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Bxc6 dxc6 7. Nc3 Bg4 8. h3 Bh5 9. Qe2 Nd7 10. Nd1 c5
1963 Leningrad ch-URS – Round ? – Kholmov, Ratmir D – 1/2-1/2 – Averbakh, Yuri L – G162 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Bxc6 dxc6 7. Nc3 Bg4 8. h3 Bh5 9. Qe2 Qd7 10. Qe3 Bxf3
1964 Kiev ch-URS – Round 1 – Lein, Anatoly – 1/2-1/2 – Bronstein, David I – G103 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Bxc6 dxc6 7. Nc3 Bg4 8. Qe2 Nd7 9. d3 Bd6 10. h3 Bh5
1965 It Zinnowitz GER – Round 6 – Lein, Anatoly – 1-0 – Haag, Ervin – G15 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Bxc6 dxc6 7. Nc3 Bg4 8. Qe2 Qd7 9. Qe3 Bxf3 10. Qxf3 O-O-O
1965 Tbilisi – Round 1 – Kholmov, Ratmir D – 1-0 – Alatortsev, Vladimir N. – G50 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Bxc6 dxc6 7. Nc3 Bg4 8. h3 Bxf3 9. Qxf3 g6 10. d3 Nh5
1965 URS-JUG – Round 4 – Matulovic, Milan – 1/2-1/2 – Spassky, Boris Vasily – G9 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Bxc6 dxc6 7. Nc3 Bg4 8. h3 Bh5 9. g4 Bg6 10. Nxe5 Nxe4
1966 Sochi Chigorin Memorial 04th – Round 3 – Antoshin, Vladimir S – 1/2-1/2 – Krogius, Nikolai V – G17 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Bxc6 dxc6 7. Nc3 Bg4 8. h3 Bh5 9. g4 Bg6 10. Nxe5 Nxe4
1966 WchTJ U26 fin-A – Round 6 – Kurajica, Bojan – 1/2-1/2 – Ree, Hans – G33 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Bxc6 dxc6 7. Nc3 Bg4 8. h3 Bh5 9. g4 Bg6 10. Nxe5 Nxe4
1968 Riga – Round 1 – Klavins, Janis – 1-0 – Vitomsky – G19 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Bxc6 dxc6 7. Nc3 Bg4 8. h3 Bh5 9. Qe2 Bd6 10. g4 Bg6
1968 USSR – Round 1 – Kholmov, Ratmir D – 0-1 – Zaitsev, Igor A – G52 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Bxc6 dxc6 7. Nc3 Bg4 8. Qe2 Nd7 9. h3 Bh5 10. g4 Bg6
FIDE Grand Swiss 2025 – Round 4 – Moussard Jules – 0-1 – Vitiugov Nikita – G192 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Bxc6 dxc6 7. Nc3 Bg4 8. h3 Bh5 9. Qe2 Bc5 10. Nd1 Nd7

C85e — Closed, Exchange (1931)

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.O-O Be7 6.Bxc6 dxc6 7.Nc3 Bg4

Les coups candidats

8.h3 — 90.5% (306 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Horvath, Tamas (7x), Moody, David W (6x), Kholmov, Ratmir D (5x), Nezhmetdinov, Rashid (4x), Boey, Josef (4x), Tal, Mikhail (3x), Klavins, Janis (3x), Edelstein, Michael (3x)

8.Qe2 — 5.6% (19 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Lein, Anatoly (2x), Kholmov, Ratmir D (2x), Suba, Mihai (2x), Zhang, Zhong (2x), Pazderski, Ludwik (2x), Bronstein, David I (1x), Novopashin, Arkady (1x), Zaitsev, Igor A (1x)

8.d3 — 3.6% (12 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Boey, Josef (1x), Limbos, Paul (1x), Nezhmetdinov, Rashid (1x), Bannik, Anatolij (1x), Bisguier, Arthur B (1x), Ivkov, Borislav (1x), Hernandez, Ernesto (1x), Macchia, Antonio Jorge (1x)

8.d4 — 0.3% (1 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Dunard, Philip (1x), Marraro, Vincenzo (1x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	8.h3	8.Qe2	8.d3	8.d4
<1800	12	100%	—	—	—
1800-2200	86	91%	5%	5%	—
2200-2600	117	91%	8%	1%	—
2600+	6	83%	17%	—	—

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	8.h3	8.Qe2	8.d3	8.d4
1950s	12	83%	—	17%	—
1960s	29	83%	14%	3%	—
1970s	41	100%	—	—	—
1980s	54	100%	—	—	—
1990s	58	81%	12%	7%	—
2000s	47	87%	9%	2%	2%
2010s	80	94%	2%	4%	—
2020s	17	82%	12%	6%	—

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
8.h3	94%	82%	▼ -11.4%
8.Qe2	2%	12%	▲ +9.3%
8.d3	4%	6%	▲ +2.1%
8.d4	0%	0%	+0.0%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Tal, Mikhail — 3 parties
Anand, Viswanathan — 1 partie
Gukesh D — 1 partie

Parties historiques

8.h3 — 90.5% (306 parties)

1951 — Hajtun, Jozsef vs Borloy, Karoly — 1/2-1/2 — Hungary ch
1955 — Khasin, Abram vs Vasiukov, Evgeni — 1/2-1/2 — Moscow RUS
1957 — Kholmov, Ratmir D vs Gligoric, Sofija — 0-1 — Leningrad USSR-YUG
1957 — Kholmov, Ratmir D vs Gligoric, Svetozar — 0-1 — Leningrad URS-Yugos
1957 — Kholmov, Ratmir D vs Dzieciolowski, Adam — 1-0 — Szczawno Zdroj

8.Qe2 — 5.6% (19 parties)

1962 — Kholmov, Ratmir D vs Novopashin, Arkady — 1/2-1/2 — Erevan ch-URS
1964 — Lein, Anatoly vs Bronstein, David I — 1/2-1/2 — Kiev ch-URS
1965 — Lein, Anatoly vs Haag, Ervin — 1-0 — It Zinnowitz GER
1968 — Kholmov, Ratmir D vs Zaitsev, Igor A — 0-1 — USSR
1991 — Luther, Thomas vs Pedzich, Dominik — 1-0 — Copenhagen DEN

8.d3 — 3.6% (12 parties)

1955 — Bisguier, Arthur B vs Ivkov, Borislav — 1/2-1/2 — Zagreb CRO
1957 — Nezhmetdinov, Rashid vs Bannik, Anatolij — 1/2-1/2 — Moskou ch-URS
1966 — Boey, Josef vs Limbos, Paul — 1/2-1/2 — Brussels BEL
1990 — Fekete, Albert vs Kachiani-Gersinska, Ketino — 0-1 — Budapest open
1993 — Sustarsic, Andrej vs Potrata, Janko — 0-1 — ?

8.d4 — 0.3% (1 parties)

2002 — Dunard, Philip vs Marraro, Vincenzo — 0-1 — ?

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