C50s — Giuoco Pianissimo: Italian Four Knights, 5…d6

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc5 4.d3 Nf6 5.Nc3 d6 * ○ Trait aux Blancs

Ouverture — Centre fermé

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

abcdefgh

Plan principal. Exploiter la case forte b5….

Atouts. Les Blancs s'appuient sur les cases fortes b5, d5 et g5, un fou actif en c4 et la paire de fous.

Côté adverse. Le fou enfermé en c8 et le roi resté au centre.

En contrepartie. Le roi n'est pas encore à l'abri et plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le fou c1 et les tours a1 et h1).

Plans. O-O (Mettre le roi en sécurité, connecter les tours) ; Bg5 (Clouer Nf6) ; h3 (Empêcher ...Bg4).

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

hgfedcba

Plan principal. Exploiter la case forte d4….

Atouts. Les Noirs s'appuient sur les cases fortes b4, d4 et g4, des avant-postes en d4 et c5, un fou actif en c5 et la paire de fous.

Côté adverse. Le fou enfermé en c1 et le roi resté au centre.

En contrepartie. Le roi n'est pas encore à l'abri et plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le fou c8 et les tours a8 et h8).

Plans. O-O (Mettre le roi en sécurité, connecter les tours) ; ...Bg4 (Développer Bc8, clouer Nf3) ; ...Na5 (Attaquer Bc4) ; ...d5 (Rupture).

Avantages

Faiblesses adverses

Diagonale active

Plans

Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	—
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	● c2→d3, d3→e4	● d6→e5, c7→d6
Passés	—	—
Majorité	—	—

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	● b5 (2v0), ● d5 (3v1), ● g5 (2v0)	● b4 (2v0), ● d4 (3v1), ● g4 (2v0)
Cases faibles	—	—
Centre	● d5 (3v1), ● e4 (2v1)	● d4 (3v1), ● e5 (2v1)

Colonnes et diagonales

♔ Blancs

♚ Noirs

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bc1	● Bc1 Non développé (mob. 5)
Bc4	● Bc4 Actif (mob. 6)
Bc5		● Bc5 Actif (mob. 6)
Bc8		● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 5)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Non développées	3 (● c1, ● a1, ● h1)	3 (● c8, ● a8, ● h8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Au centre !	● Au centre !
Droits de roque	O-O / O-O-O	O-O / O-O-O

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	fermé
Ruptures	● d3-d4	● …d6-d5

Partie
1903 RUS-ch03 – Round 11 – Salwe, Georg – 0-1 – Schiffers, Emanuel – G42 1. e4 e5 2. Nc3 Nf6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. d3 Nc6 5. Nf3 d6 6. Ne2 Bg4 7. Be3 Bxf3 8. gxf3 Bxe3 9. fxe3 d5 10. exd5 Nxd5
1903 RUS-ch03 – Round 9 – Salwe, Georg – 0-1 – Chigorin, Mikhail – G34 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. d3 Bc5 5. Nc3 d6 6. O-O Bg4 7. Bb5 O-O 8. Be3 Nd4 9. Bxd4 Bxd4 10. h3 Bh5
1905 It (Men) Barmen GER – Round 1 – Capablanca, Jose – 1-0 – Larsson, Anders 1955 – G70 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. d3 Bc5 5. Nc3 d6 6. Qe2 Bg4 7. Be3 Bb4 8. h3 Nd4 9. Bxd4 Bxf3 10. Qxf3 exd4
1905 It (Men) Barmen GER – Round 1 – Von Gottschall, Hermann – 1/2-1/2 – Bernstein, Olivia – G68 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. d3 d6 5. Nc3 Nf6 6. a3 Be6 7. Bxe6 fxe6 8. Na4 Bd4 9. c3 Bxf2+ 10. Kxf2 b5
1907 Ostende II – Round 25 – Blackburne, Joseph – 0-1 – Teichmann, Richard – G294 1. e4 e5 2. Bc4 Nf6 3. d3 Bc5 4. Nf3 Nc6 5. Nc3 d6 6. Ne2 Be6 7. Bb3 Bb6 8. c3 d5 9. Qc2 Qd6 10. Ng3 O-O-O
1908 It (Men) Duesseldorf GER – Round 2 – Von Gottschall, Hermann – 1/2-1/2 – Treybal, Karel – G2 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. d3 Bc5 5. Nc3 d6 6. h3 Be6 7. Bb3 O-O 8. Bg5 Ne7 9. Nh4 Bxb3 10. axb3 Nd7
1923 GBR Ch 16th – Round 5 – Jacobs, Herbert Levi – 1/2-1/2 – Thomas, George Alan – G10 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. Nc3 d6 5. d3 Nf6 6. O-O O-O 7. Na4 Bb6 8. c3 Ne7 9. Nxb6 axb6 10. Qc2 Ng6
1924 New York – Round 11 – Maroczy, Geza – 1-0 – Janowski, Dawid – G73 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. d3 Bc5 5. Nc3 d6 6. O-O Bb6 7. Na4 Bg4 8. Bb5 O-O 9. Bxc6 bxc6 10. h3 Bh5
1943 Zlin – Round 11 – Fichtl, Jiri – 1-0 – Holas, Josef – G68 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. Nc3 d6 5. d3 Nf6 6. O-O Bg4 7. Be3 Nd4 8. Bxd4 Bxd4 9. Rb1 c6 10. h3 Bxf3
1950 Dubrovnik olm – Round 6 – Busek, Hans – 1/2-1/2 – Schmid, Leo – G86 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. d3 Bc5 5. Nc3 d6 6. h3 Na5 7. Bb3 c6 8. Qe2 O-O 9. O-O Qe7 10. Nh2 Ne8
1950 Hastings5051 – Round 7 – Aabel Thomas Eapen – 1/2-1/2 – Barden, Leonard – G34 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. d3 Bc5 5. Nc3 d6 6. h3 Be6 7. Bb3 a6 8. O-O O-O 9. Be3 b5 10. Bd5 Bxd5
1951 Zonal Marianske Lazne (Czech R – Round 1 – Benko, Pal – 0-1 – Pytliakovsky A – G10 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. Nc3 Nf6 5. d3 d6 6. Na4 Bb6 7. Nxb6 axb6 8. Bg5 h6 9. Bh4 O-O 10. h3 Qe7
1954 Mar del Plata – Round 10 – Alonzo Salomon, Jose Luis – 0-1 – Maderna, Carlos – G82 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. Nc3 d6 5. d3 Nf6 6. h3 Na5 7. Bb3 c6 8. Na4 Bb4+ 9. c3 Nxb3 10. axb3 Ba5
1958 BUL Ch – Round ? – Pantaleev, Dimitar Dimitrov – 0-1 – Bobotsov, Milko G – G60 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. d3 Nf6 5. Nc3 d6 6. h3 Na5 7. Bb5+ c6 8. Ba4 b5 9. Bb3 Nxb3 10. axb3 O-O
1964 Tel Aviv olm fin-A – Round 8 – Witt, Leslie – 1/2-1/2 – Bisguier, Arthur B – G179 1. e4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. d3 Bc5 5. Nf3 d6 6. h3 Be6 7. Bb3 Qd7 8. Be3 Bb6 9. d4 Bxb3 10. axb3 exd4
1966 Parcetic Memorial 2nd – Round 11 – Buljovcic, Ivan – 1/2-1/2 – Kerkhoff, Leo J – G50 1. e4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. d3 Bc5 5. Nf3 d6 6. h3 Ne7 7. O-O Ng6 8. d4 exd4 9. Nxd4 O-O 10. Nb3 Bb6
1967 Maribor – Round 5 – Robatsch, Karl – 0-1 – Reshevsky, Samuel – G34 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. d3 Nf6 5. Nc3 d6 6. Nd5 Nxd5 7. Bxd5 Qf6 8. h3 h6 9. Be3 Ne7 10. Bb3 Ng6
1968 It Buesum GER – Round 7 – Hecht, Hans-Joachim – 1/2-1/2 – Huebner, Robert – G33 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Bc5 4. Bc4 Nf6 5. d3 d6 6. h3 h6 7. Be3 Bb6 8. Nd5 Nxd5 9. Bxd5 Ne7 10. Bb3 Be6
1969 Vidmar Memorial – Round 13 – Robatsch, Karl – 1/2-1/2 – Forintos, Gyozo V – G17 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. d3 Nf6 5. Nc3 d6 6. Na4 Qe7 7. Nxc5 dxc5 8. Bb5 Bd7 9. Bxc6 Bxc6 10. b3 O-O-O
1972 Skopje ol (Men) fin-A – Round 14 – Schoeneberg, Manfred – 1/2-1/2 – Bisguier, Arthur B – G303 1. e4 e5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. d3 Bc5 5. Nf3 d6 6. Na4 Bb6 7. Nxb6 axb6 8. a3 Be6 9. Bxe6 fxe6 10. O-O O-O
81. Tata Steel GpA 2019 – Round 11.4 – Giri, Anish – 1-0 – Shankland, Sam – G66 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. d3 Nf6 5. Nc3 d6 6. Na4 Qe7 7. a3 Be6 8. Bxe6 Qxe6 9. b4 Bb6 10. O-O O-O
FIDE Grand Swiss 2025 – Round 7 – Mamedov Rauf – 0-1 – Nepomniachtchi Ian – G361 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. d3 Bc5 5. Nc3 d6 6. Na4 Bb6 7. a3 h6 8. h3 O-O 9. O-O Re8 10. b4 a6
FIDE World Cup 2017 – Round 1.4 – Hovhannisyan, Razmik – 1/2-1/2 – Rodshtein, Maxim – G160 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. d3 Nf6 5. Nc3 d6 6. Na4 Bb6 7. O-O Na5 8. Bd5 O-O 9. a3 Be6 10. Bxe6 fxe6
FIDE World Rapid Championship 2025 – Round 10 – Nepomniachtchi Ian – 1/2-1/2 – Lazavik Denis – G190 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. d3 Bc5 5. Nc3 d6 6. Na4 Bb6 7. a3 h6 8. O-O O-O 9. h3 Re8 10. c3 Be6
London Classic Elite blitz 6th 2014 – Round 1.1 – Giri, Anish – 1-0 – Anand, Viswanathan – G1 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. d3 Nf6 5. Nc3 d6 6. Na4 Bb6 7. c3 h6 8. h3 Be6 9. Bxe6 fxe6 10. O-O O-O
Smyslov Region Group Cup 2021 – Round 2.1 – Artemiev, Vladislav – 1-0 – Karpov, Anatoly – G11 1. e4 e5 2. Bc4 Nc6 3. d3 Nf6 4. Nc3 Bc5 5. Nf3 d6 6. Na4 h6 7. O-O a6 8. Nxc5 dxc5 9. Bb3 Qd6 10. Be3 Nd4
Vugar Gashimov Mem 2018 – Round 9.4 – Karjakin, Sergey – 1-0 – Topalov, Veselin – G44 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. d3 Nf6 5. Nc3 d6 6. Na4 Bb6 7. a3 O-O 8. O-O Ne7 9. Nxb6 axb6 10. Bg5 Be6
World Blitz 2021 – Round 2.6 – Aronian, Levon – 1-0 – Mikhalevski, Victor – G113 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. d3 Nf6 5. Nc3 d6 6. Na4 Bb6 7. a3 Ne7 8. O-O Ng6 9. h3 O-O 10. b4 h6
World Blitz 2022 – Round 4.7 – Van Foreest, Jorden – 1/2-1/2 – Caruana, Fabiano – G227 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. d3 Nf6 5. Nc3 d6 6. Na4 Bb6 7. h3 O-O 8. O-O h6 9. c3 Re8 10. Nxb6 axb6
World Blitz 2023 – Round 6.30 – Seemann, Jakub – 0-1 – Chigaev, Maksim – G349 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. d3 Bc5 5. Nc3 d6 6. Na4 Bb6 7. a3 h6 8. b4 O-O 9. h3 Be6 10. Bxe6 fxe6
World Rapid 2021 – Round 10.32 – Narayanan, Sunilduth Lyna – 1/2-1/2 – Heimann, Andreas – G588 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. d3 Bc5 5. Nc3 d6 6. Na4 Bb6 7. a3 h6 8. O-O O-O 9. Re1 Be6 10. Nxb6 axb6
World Rapid 2021 – Round 13.9 – Aronian, Levon – 1-0 – Matlakov, Maxim – G794 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. d3 Bc5 5. Nc3 d6 6. Na4 Bb6 7. a3 h6 8. O-O O-O 9. Re1 Re8 10. b4 Ne7
World Rapid 2021 – Round 3.10 – Van Foreest, Lucas – 0-1 – Alekseenko, Kirill – G135 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. Nc3 Nf6 5. d3 d6 6. Na4 Bb6 7. a3 Qe7 8. O-O Be6 9. Bb5 O-O 10. c3 Na5

C50s — Giuoco Pianissimo: Italian Four Knights

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc5 4.d3 Nf6 5.Nc3 d6

Eval: [+0.16]

Les coups candidats

6.Bg5 — 44.5% (3782 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Ivanovic, Bozidar (17x), Inkiov, Ventzislav (17x), Viskontas, Juozas (15x), Horvath, Adam (10x), Hjorth, Jesper (10x), Grob, Henry (9x), Minasian, Artashes (9x), Tartakower, Savielly (8x)

6.h3 — 22.2% (1889 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Afonso, Sara Cerqueira (6x), Kaminska, Paulina (6x), Anderssen, Adolf (5x), Strnad, Pavel (5x), Emma Iniya Williams R (4x), Harrwitz, Daniel (4x), Noa, Joseph (4x), Moody, David W (4x)

6.Be3 — 12.1% (1033 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Mason, James (15x), Chigorin, Mikhail (14x), Evangelisti, Massimo (12x), Rubinstein, Akiba (11x), Tartakower, Savielly (10x), Lasker, Emanuel (9x), Salwe, George (7x), Schlechter, Carl (6x)

6.O-O — 9.1% (775 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Salwe, Georg (3x), Lahr, Torsten (3x), Thoemmes, Judith (3x), Osman, Mihai (3x), Dittmann, Sebastian (3x), Steinitz, Wilhelm (2x), Adolf, Feraydo (2x), Baird, David (2x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	6.Bg5	6.h3	6.Be3	6.O-O
<1800	429	43%	29%	11%	8%
1800-2200	1919	46%	24%	11%	7%
2200-2600	1264	51%	11%	11%	4%
2600+	83	33%	6%	4%	5%

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	6.Bg5	6.h3	6.Be3	6.O-O
1830s	1	—	—	—	100%
1840s	7	—	57%	14%	14%
1850s	14	21%	43%	—	7%
1860s	11	9%	45%	27%	18%
1870s	19	21%	21%	21%	21%
1880s	38	18%	21%	32%	5%
1890s	70	39%	21%	29%	6%
1900s	100	11%	7%	70%	4%
1910s	49	31%	16%	39%	10%
1920s	56	36%	7%	48%	9%
1930s	48	71%	12%	12%	2%
1940s	75	68%	5%	17%	5%
1950s	79	66%	6%	25%	—
1960s	64	52%	16%	20%	3%
1970s	91	48%	14%	22%	8%
1980s	253	51%	15%	16%	8%
1990s	1958	48%	22%	10%	12%
2000s	3072	46%	24%	10%	9%
2010s	1938	43%	26%	10%	8%
2020s	560	25%	18%	8%	6%

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
6.Bg5	43%	25%	▼ -18.2%
6.h3	26%	18%	▼ -7.3%
6.Be3	10%	8%	▼ -1.9%
6.O-O	8%	6%	▼ -2.1%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Lasker, Emanuel — 10 parties
Steinitz, Wilhelm — 8 parties
Euwe, Max — 5 parties
Alekhine, Alexander — 4 parties
Anand, Viswanathan — 4 parties
Botvinnik, Mikhail — 1 partie
Carlsen, Magnus — 1 partie
Karpov, Anatoly — 1 partie

Parties historiques

6.Bg5 — 44.5% (3782 parties)

1853 — Harrwitz, Daniel vs Loewenthal, Johann — 1/2-1/2 — London ENG
1853 — Harrwitz, Daniel vs Lowenthal, Johann — 1/2-1/2 — London ENG
1853 — Harrwitz, Daniel vs Loewenthal, Johann — 1/2-1/2 — London ENG
1863 — Rossy, M. vs Lichtenscheidt, R. — 1/2-1/2 — Duesseldorf GER
1870 — Delmar, Eugene vs Brenzinger, Francis Eugene — 1-0 — Brooklyn (Brooklyn CC)

6.h3 — 22.2% (1889 parties)

1844 — Williams, Elijah J vs Henderson, John B. — 1-0 — Bristol ENG
1845 — Stanley, Charles H vs Emeriau Rousseau, Eliott — 1-0 — New Orleans, LA USA
1846 — Emma Iniya Williams R vs Harrwitz, Daniel — 0-1 — London ENG
1849 — Buckle, Henry vs Smith, C J — 1-0 — London ENG
1851 — Buckle, Henry vs Loewenthal, Johann — 1-0 — London ENG

6.Be3 — 12.1% (1033 parties)

1845 — Stanley, Charles H vs Emeriau Rousseau, Eliott — 0-1 — New Orleans, LA USA
1867 — Loyd, Samuel vs Rosenthal, Samuel — 1-0 — Paris FRA
1867 — Loyd, Samuel vs Rosenthal, Samuel — 1-0 — Paris FRA
1869 — Mason, James vs MacKenzie, George H — 0-1 — New York (Cafe Europa)
1871 — Steel, Robert vs Steinkuehler, Alexander — 1-0 — England

6.O-O — 9.1% (775 parties)

1837 — Seligo, Maj vs Von der Lasa, Tassilo — 0-1 — Berlin GER
1846 — Horwitz, Bernhard vs Harrwitz, Daniel — 0-1 — London ENG
1850 — Buckle, Henry vs Schulder — 1-0 — ?
1862 — Steinitz, Wilhelm vs Anderssen, Adolf — 0-1 — London ENG
1863 — Green, Valentine vs Steinitz, Wilhelm — 0-1 — London ENG

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