C41x — Philidor: Improved Hanham, 7.Re1 c6 8.a4

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 Nf6 4.Nc3 Nbd7 5.Bc4 Be7 6.O-O O-O 7.Re1 c6 8.a4 * ● Trait aux Noirs

Ouverture — Centre fermé

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

abcdefgh

Atouts. Les Blancs s'appuient sur les cases fortes b5, d5 et g5, un fou actif en c4 et la paire de fous.

Côté adverse. Les fous enfermés en e7 et c8.

En contrepartie. Plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le fou c1 et la tour a1).

Plans. Bg5 (Clouer Nf6) ; h3 (Empêcher ...Bg4).

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

hgfedcba

Atouts. Les Noirs s'appuient sur la paire de fous.

Côté adverse. Le fou enfermé en c1.

En contrepartie. Plusieurs pièces dorment encore (le fou c8 et la tour a8).

Plans. ...Bg4 (Développer Bc8, clouer Nf3) ; ...c6 (Rupture) ; ...c5 (Rupture) ; ...d5 (Rupture).

Avantages

Faiblesses adverses

Diagonale active

Plans

Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	—
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	—	● d6→e5, c7→d6
Passés	—	—
Majorité	—	—

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	● b5 (2v0), ● d5 (3v1), ● g5 (2v0)	—
Cases faibles	—	—
Centre	● d4 (2v1), ● d5 (3v1), ● e4 (2v1)	—

Colonnes et diagonales

♔ Blancs

♚ Noirs

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bc1	● Bc1 Non développé (mob. 5)
Bc4	● Bc4 Actif (mob. 9)
Be7		● Be7 Enfermé (mob. 0)
Bc8		● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 0)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Clouages	—	● pawn f7
Non développées	2 (c1, a1)	2 (c8, a8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Roqué	● Roqué
Droits de roque	—	—

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	fermé
Ruptures	● d4-d5	● …c7-c6, ● …c7-c5, ● …d6-d5

Partie
1955 Aalborg – Round 1 – Enevoldsen, Jens – 1-0 – Nielsen, Hartvig – G6 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 d6 3. d4 Nd7 4. Nc3 Ngf6 5. Bc4 Be7 6. O-O O-O 7. Re1 c6 8. a4 Qc7 9. Bg5 exd4 10. Nxd4 Ne5
1955 Moscow RUS – Round 1 – Vasiukov, Evgeni – 1-0 – Sherbakov, L – G4 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 d6 3. d4 Nf6 4. Nc3 Nbd7 5. Bc4 Be7 6. O-O O-O 7. Re1 c6 8. a4 Qc7 9. h3 h6 10. Ba2 Re8
1957 Hastings5758 – Round 1 – Keres, Paul – 1-0 – Penrose, Justin – G21 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 d6 3. d4 Nf6 4. Nc3 Nbd7 5. Bc4 Be7 6. O-O O-O 7. a4 c6 8. Re1 Qc7 9. h3 h6 10. dxe5 dxe5
1960 Ljubljana – Round 1 – Sofrevski, Jovan – 1-0 – Smederevac, Petar – G21 1. Nf3 d6 2. e4 Nf6 3. Nc3 e5 4. d4 Nbd7 5. Bc4 Be7 6. O-O O-O 7. Re1 c6 8. a4 Qc7 9. h3 Ne8 10. Bb3 Bf6
1961 Oberhausen etc – Round 2 – Honfi, K. – 1-0 – Llado Lumbera, Jaime – G74 1. e4 d6 2. d4 Nf6 3. Nc3 e5 4. Nf3 Nbd7 5. Bc4 Be7 6. O-O O-O 7. Re1 c6 8. a4 Kh8 9. b3 Qe8 10. h3 Ng8
1962 Argentina – Round 8 – Sanguinetti, Raul – 1/2-1/2 – Bazan, Osvaldo – G43 1. e4 d6 2. d4 Nf6 3. Nc3 Nbd7 4. Nf3 e5 5. Bc4 Be7 6. O-O O-O 7. Re1 c6 8. a4 Qc7 9. a5 h6 10. h3 Re8
1964 Kecskemet zt – Round ? – Matanovic, Aleksandar – 1-0 – Clarke, Peter H – G100 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 d6 3. d4 Nf6 4. Nc3 Nbd7 5. Bc4 Be7 6. O-O O-O 7. a4 c6 8. Re1 Qc7 9. a5 h6 10. h3 Re8
1965 Palma de Mallorca – Round 9 – Giustolisi, Alberto – 1/2-1/2 – Garcia Orus, Francisco – G12 1. e4 d6 2. d4 Nf6 3. Nc3 Nbd7 4. Nf3 e5 5. Bc4 Be7 6. O-O O-O 7. a4 c6 8. Re1 Qc7 9. h3 b6 10. Bf1 Bb7
1969 Schwerin – Round 1 – Hennings, Artur – 1/2-1/2 – Moehring, Guenther – G27 1. e4 d6 2. d4 Nf6 3. Nc3 Nbd7 4. Nf3 e5 5. Bc4 Be7 6. O-O O-O 7. Re1 c6 8. a4 Qc7 9. Bg5 h6 10. Bh4 Nb6
1969 Sweden – Round 1 – Kinnmark, Ove – 1-0 – Andersson 1965, Johan – G38 1. e4 d6 2. d4 Nf6 3. Nc3 e5 4. Nf3 Nbd7 5. Bc4 Be7 6. O-O O-O 7. Re1 c6 8. a4 Ne8 9. Be3 Bf6 10. Qd2 Qe7
20. European Teams 2015 – Round 1.14 – Salgado Lopez, Ivan – 1-0 – Vandenbussche, Thibaut – G15 1. e4 d6 2. d4 Nf6 3. Nc3 e5 4. Nf3 Nbd7 5. Bc4 Be7 6. a4 O-O 7. O-O c6 8. Re1 exd4 9. Qxd4 Ne5 10. Be2 Nfg4
20. European Teams 2015 – Round 4.2 – Bacrot, Etienne – 1/2-1/2 – Markus, Robert – G168 1. e4 d6 2. d4 Nf6 3. Nc3 e5 4. Nf3 Nbd7 5. Bc4 Be7 6. O-O O-O 7. a4 c6 8. Re1 exd4 9. Nxd4 Ne5 10. Bf1 Re8
2024 Superbet Chess Rapid – Round 3 – Praggnanandhaa R – 1-0 – Abdusattorov Nodirbek – G11 1. e4 d6 2. d4 Nf6 3. Nc3 e5 4. Nf3 Nbd7 5. Bc4 Be7 6. O-O O-O 7. a4 c6 8. Re1 h6 9. h3 Re8 10. Be3 exd4
43. Olympiad 2018 – Round 11.27 – Vocaturo, Daniele – 1/2-1/2 – Kadric, Denis – G737 1. e4 d6 2. d4 Nf6 3. Nc3 e5 4. Nf3 Nbd7 5. Bc4 Be7 6. a4 O-O 7. O-O c6 8. Re1 exd4 9. Nxd4 Ne5 10. Bb3 Re8
Biel Interzonal 1993 – Round 2 – Akopian, Vladimir – 1-0 – Alvarez De Lima, Darcynae – G49 1. e4 d6 2. d4 Nf6 3. Nc3 e5 4. Nf3 Nbd7 5. Bc4 Be7 6. O-O O-O 7. Re1 c6 8. a4 Qc7 9. h3 b6 10. Bg5 Bb7
FIDE World Cup 2025 – Round R3 Rapid 2 – Andrey Esipenko – 1-0 – Idani Pouya – G529 1. e4 e5 2. Nc3 Nf6 3. Bc4 Nxe4 4. Qh5 Nd6 5. Bb3 Nc6 6. Nb5 g6 7. Qf3 Nf5 8. Qd5 Nh6 9. d4 d6 10. Bxh6 Be6
FIDE World Cup 2025 – Round R4 Classical 1 – Andrey Esipenko – 1/2-1/2 – Keymer Vincent – G541 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. exd5 Nxd5 10. h3 Bb7
FTX Crypto Cup 2022 – Round 1.3 – Praggnanandhaa R – 1-0 – Firouzja, Alireza – G11 1. e4 d6 2. d4 Nf6 3. Nc3 e5 4. Nf3 Nbd7 5. Bc4 Be7 6. O-O O-O 7. Re1 c6 8. a4 h6 9. h3 Re8 10. a5 Bf8
Hoogovens 1979 – Round 9 – Hort, Vlastimil – 1/2-1/2 – Ree, Hans – G22 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 d6 3. d4 Nf6 4. Nc3 Nbd7 5. Bc4 Be7 6. O-O O-O 7. a4 c6 8. Re1 Qc7 9. Bd2 Nb6 10. Ba2 Bg4
Interpolis 1993 – Round 2 – Hjartarson, Johann – 0-1 – Malaniuk, Vladimir P – G102 1. e4 d6 2. d4 Nf6 3. Nc3 e5 4. Nf3 Nbd7 5. Bc4 Be7 6. O-O O-O 7. Re1 c6 8. a4 Qc7 9. Ba2 b6 10. Nh4 exd4
Olympiad 2002 – Round 6 – Harikrishna, Pentala – 0-1 – Cueto, Jonny – G177 1. d4 d6 2. e4 Nf6 3. Nc3 Nbd7 4. Nf3 e5 5. Bc4 Be7 6. O-O O-O 7. a4 c6 8. Re1 Qc7 9. Bg5 Re8 10. Bh4 h6
Saint Louis Rapid and Blitz 2025 – Round 23 – Dominguez Perez Leinier – 1-0 – Gukesh D – G115 1. e4 d6 2. d4 Nf6 3. Nc3 e5 4. Nf3 Nbd7 5. Bc4 Be7 6. O-O O-O 7. a4 c6 8. Re1 h6 9. h3 Re8 10. a5 Qc7
SportAccord Blindfold Men 2012 – Round 6.8 – Grischuk, Alexander – 1-0 – Jobava, Baadur – G48 1. e4 d6 2. d4 Nf6 3. Nc3 e5 4. Nf3 Nbd7 5. Bc4 Be7 6. O-O O-O 7. a4 c6 8. Re1 h6 9. h3 Re8 10. Ba2 Qc7
SuperUnited Rapid 2023 – Round 9.4 – Saric, Ivan – 1-0 – Rapport, Richard – G44 1. e4 d6 2. d4 Nf6 3. Nc3 e5 4. Nf3 Nbd7 5. Bc4 Be7 6. a4 O-O 7. O-O c6 8. Re1 h6 9. Ba2 Re8 10. h3 exd4
TCh-RUS 2005 – Round 6 – Moiseenko, Alexander – 1/2-1/2 – Morozevich, Alexander – G90 1. d4 d6 2. e4 Nf6 3. Nc3 Nbd7 4. Nf3 e5 5. Bc4 Be7 6. O-O O-O 7. Re1 c6 8. a4 Qc7 9. h3 h6 10. dxe5 Nxe5
World Blitz 2015 – Round 17.59 – Agdestein, Simen – 0-1 – Kunin, Vitaly – G1082 1. d4 d6 2. e4 Nf6 3. Nc3 e5 4. Nf3 Nbd7 5. Bc4 Be7 6. O-O O-O 7. Re1 c6 8. a4 exd4 9. Qxd4 Ne5 10. Be2 Qc7
World Blitz 2015 – Round 20.33 – Zhigalko, Sergei – 0-1 – Khairullin, Ildar – G1248 1. e4 d6 2. d4 Nf6 3. Nc3 e5 4. Nf3 Nbd7 5. Bc4 Be7 6. O-O O-O 7. a4 c6 8. Re1 exd4 9. Nxd4 Ne5 10. Bf1 Re8
World Blitz 2017 – Round 21.31 – Fressinet, Laurent – 1-0 – Khismatullin, Denis – G1099 1. e4 d6 2. d4 Nf6 3. Nc3 e5 4. Nf3 Nbd7 5. Bc4 Be7 6. a4 O-O 7. O-O c6 8. Re1 exd4 9. Nxd4 Ne5 10. Bf1 Re8
World Blitz 2018 – Round 1.15 – Fedoseev, Vladimir – 1-0 – Yudin, Sergei – G7 1. e4 d6 2. d4 Nf6 3. Nc3 e5 4. Nf3 Nbd7 5. Bc4 Be7 6. O-O O-O 7. a4 c6 8. Re1 h6 9. h3 Re8 10. a5 exd4
World Blitz 2019 – Round 11.76 – Reshetnikov, Alexey – 1/2-1/2 – Bologan, Victor – G781 1. e4 d6 2. d4 Nf6 3. Nc3 e5 4. Nf3 Nbd7 5. Bc4 Be7 6. O-O O-O 7. Re1 c6 8. a4 exd4 9. Nxd4 Nc5 10. a5 Re8
World Blitz 2019 – Round 15.47 – Kobalia, Mikhail – 1-0 – Bologan, Victor – G1022 1. e4 d6 2. d4 Nf6 3. Nc3 e5 4. Nf3 Nbd7 5. Bc4 Be7 6. O-O O-O 7. a4 c6 8. Re1 exd4 9. Nxd4 Nc5 10. Bf1 a5
World Blitz 2019 – Round 9.78 – Geller, Jakov – 0-1 – Bologan, Victor – G648 1. e4 d6 2. d4 Nf6 3. Nc3 e5 4. Nf3 Nbd7 5. Bc4 Be7 6. O-O O-O 7. a4 c6 8. Re1 exd4 9. Nxd4 Nc5 10. Bf1 a5
World Blitz 2021 – Round 2.23 – Predke, Alexandr – 0-1 – Kadric, Denis – G82 1. d4 d6 2. e4 Nf6 3. Nc3 e5 4. Nf3 Nbd7 5. Bc4 Be7 6. O-O O-O 7. Re1 c6 8. a4 h6 9. h3 Re8 10. Be3 exd4
World Blitz 2021 – Round 8.49 – Durarbayli, Vasif – 1/2-1/2 – Dudin, Gleb – G482 1. e4 e5 2. Nc3 Nf6 3. Bc4 c6 4. Nf3 d6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 O-O 7. d4 Nbd7 8. a4 Qc7 9. h3 b6 10. d5 Bb7
World Blitz 2022 – Round 2.2 – Nakamura, Hikaru – 1-0 – Yudin, Sergei – G72 1. e4 d6 2. d4 Nf6 3. Nc3 e5 4. Nf3 Nbd7 5. Bc4 Be7 6. O-O O-O 7. a4 c6 8. Re1 exd4 9. Nxd4 Ne5 10. Ba2 Re8
World Blitz 2022 – Round 21.39 – Pranav, V – 1-0 – Yudin, Sergei – G1122 1. e4 d6 2. d4 Nf6 3. Nc3 e5 4. Nf3 Nbd7 5. Bc4 Be7 6. O-O O-O 7. Re1 c6 8. a4 exd4 9. Nxd4 Ne5 10. Bf1 Re8
World Blitz 2023 – Round 5.14 – Gukesh D – 1-0 – Khismatullin, Denis – G265 1. e4 d6 2. d4 Nf6 3. Nc3 e5 4. Nf3 Nbd7 5. Bc4 Be7 6. O-O O-O 7. a4 c6 8. Re1 exd4 9. Nxd4 Ne5 10. Bb3 Re8
World Rapid 2019 – Round 4.51 – Andriasian, Zaven – 1-0 – Reshetnikov, Alexey – G266 1. e4 d6 2. d4 Nf6 3. Nc3 e5 4. Nf3 Nbd7 5. Bc4 Be7 6. O-O O-O 7. Re1 c6 8. a4 exd4 9. Nxd4 d5 10. exd5 Nb6

C41x — Improved Hanham

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 Nf6 4.Nc3 Nbd7 5.Bc4 Be7 6.O-O O-O 7.Re1 c6 8.a4

Eval: [+0.40]

Les coups candidats

8…b6 — 35.7% (3082 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Pribyl, Josef (37x), Lorscheid, Gerhard (29x), Herzog, Klaus (28x), Cyborowski, Lukasz (26x), Badea, Bela (24x), Johansson, Jan 1964 (22x), Neuman, Petr (22x), Schmidt-Schaeffer, Sebastian, Dr. (19x)

8…a5 — 32.8% (2837 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Lazic, Miroljub (32x), Neuman, Petr (26x), Plat, Vojtech (23x), Kostanjsek, Zorko (20x), Oratovsky, Michael (19x), Mitkov, Nikola (17x), Lubczynski, Rafal (16x), Bologan, Victor (15x)

8…Qc7 — 14.3% (1234 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Kunin, Vitaly (16x), Boe, Mads (12x), Gagunashvili, Merab (11x), Zhak, Boris (9x), Gasthofer, Alexander (9x), Klemanic, Emil (9x), Morin, Louis (7x), Venturelli, Fabrizio (7x)

8…h6 — 8.6% (746 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Kadric, Denis (17x), Jovanovic, Zoran (11x), Varga, Zoltan (9x), Yudin, Serafim (8x), Czebe, Attila (7x), Lorscheid, Gerhard (7x), Aydin, Gulenay (7x), Narciso Dublan, Marc (6x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	8…b6	8…a5	8…Qc7	8…h6
<1800	66	26%	38%	23%	3%
1800-2200	2100	34%	33%	18%	8%
2200-2600	5984	37%	33%	12%	9%
2600+	205	27%	38%	5%	14%

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	8…b6	8…a5	8…Qc7	8…h6
1910s	1	—	—	—	—
1940s	2	—	—	100%	—
1950s	5	—	20%	80%	—
1960s	14	—	29%	57%	—
1970s	33	6%	30%	55%	3%
1980s	67	25%	28%	34%	7%
1990s	809	42%	21%	28%	6%
2000s	2769	49%	26%	16%	4%
2010s	4010	30%	42%	10%	6%
2020s	932	17%	25%	10%	35%

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
8…b6	30%	17%	▼ -13.9%
8…a5	42%	25%	▼ -17.0%
8…Qc7	10%	10%	▼ -0.9%
8…h6	6%	35%	▲ +29.1%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Hou, Yifan — 3 parties
Kasparov, Garry — 2 parties
Carlsen, Magnus — 2 parties
Gukesh D — 2 parties
Anand, Viswanathan — 1 partie
Kramnik, Vladimir — 1 partie
Ju, Wenjun — 1 partie

Parties historiques

8…b6 — 35.7% (3082 parties)

1970 — Hecht, Hans-Joachim vs Henningsen, Juergen — 1/2-1/2 — Voelklingen
1976 — Vukcevich, Milan vs Najdorf, Miguel — 1/2-1/2 — Reykjavik ISL
1980 — Yurtaev, Leonid vs Anikaev, Yuri N — 1-0 — Dnipropetrovsk
1981 — Lind, Jan-Olov vs Madebrink, Lars — 1-0 — Ystad
1983 — Varlamov, Viacheslav vs Kuzovkin, Alexander V. — 1/2-1/2 — Erevan ARM

8…a5 — 32.8% (2837 parties)

1957 — Troianescu, Octav vs Orbaan, Constant — 1/2-1/2 — Wageningen zt
1963 — Ciocaltea, Victor vs Vaisman, Volodia — 1-0 — Bucharest ROU
1963 — Penrose, Justin vs Grinyo Llado, Josep — 1-0 — Enschede zt
1964 — Matanovic, Aleksandar vs Udovcic, Mijo — 1-0 — Pula CRO
1969 — Schweber vs Guimard, Jean Louis — 1/2-1/2 — Villa Gesell ARG

8…Qc7 — 14.3% (1234 parties)

1948 — Pilnick, Carl vs Isaacs, Lewis Jl — 1-0 — Baltimore, MD USA
1948 — Scheffer, D. vs Isaacs, Lewis Jl — 0-1 — Baltimore, MD USA
1955 — Enevoldsen, Jens vs Nielsen, Hartvig — 1-0 — Aalborg DEN
1955 — Vasiukov, Evgeni vs Sherbakov, L — 1-0 — Moscow RUS
1956 — Zobel, Leo vs Hofmann, Vilem — 0-1 — Bratislava SVK

8…h6 — 8.6% (746 parties)

1974 — Buchal, Stephan vs Thomann, Elian — 1-0 — FRG-ch Menden
1981 — Dupuis, Claude vs Bolduc, Steve — 1-0 — Montreal CAN
1984 — De Wit, Jan vs Hjorth, Gunnar — 1/2-1/2 — Amsterdam NED
1986 — Mortensen, Erling vs Rosenlund, Thorbjorn — 0-1 — Aarhus-A Aarhus DEN
1986 — Flogaus, Wolfgang vs Muller, Werner — 0-1 — Wurtemberg

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