C22d — Centre Game: Paulsen Attack

1.e4 e5 2.d4 exd4 3.Qxd4 Nc6 4.Qe3 * ● Trait aux Noirs

Ouverture — Centre semi-ouvert

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

abcdefgh

Avantages : paire de fous, colonne d.
Faiblesses adverses : Bc8 enfermé, Bf8 enfermé, roi noir au centre.
Problèmes : roi au centre, Bc1 enfermé, Bf1 enfermé, 6 pièces non développées (B1, G1, C1, F1, A1, H1).
Plans :
● O-O — Mettre le roi en sécurité, connecter les tours
● Nbd2 — Développer Nb1
● Nf3 — Développer Ng1
● Be3 — Développer Bc1
● Bd3 — Développer Bf1

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

hgfedcba

Avantages : case forte b4, paire de fous, colonne e.
Faiblesses adverses : Bc1 enfermé, Bf1 enfermé, roi blanc au centre.
Problèmes : roi au centre, Bc8 enfermé, Bf8 enfermé, 5 pièces non développées (G8, C8, F8, A8, H8).
Plans :
● O-O — Mettre le roi en sécurité, connecter les tours
● ...d6 — Libérer Bc8
● ...Nf6 — Développer Ng8
● ...Be7 — Développer Bf8
● ...d5 — Rupture

Avantages

Faiblesses adverses

Diagonale active

Plans

Structure de pions

C22d — Paulsen Attack

1.e4 e5 2.d4 exd4 3.Qxd4 Nc6 4.Qe3

Eval: [-0.36]

Les coups candidats

4…Nf6 — 50.7% (3809 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Munoz, Miguel (28x), Rudd, Jack (25x), Renard, Stéphane (25x), Relyea, Alexander (22x), Sanchez Castillo, Sarai Carolina (21x), Soszynski, Marek J (18x), Michalek, Martin (18x), Naeter, Burkhard (18x)

4…d6 — 18.5% (1393 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Behl, Torsten, Dr. (7x), Sanchez Castillo, Sarai Carolina (6x), Szente Varga, Fruzsina (6x), Santos Folch, Adolfo (5x), Grabics, Monika (5x), Skacel, Tomas (5x), Trnovec, Mihaly (5x), Buechmann, Ole (4x)

4…g6 — 10.8% (811 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Munoz, Miguel (13x), Relyea, Alexander (8x), Paulsen, Wilfried (6x), Blackburne, Joseph (6x), Nepomniachtchi, Ian (6x), Aymard, Michel (6x), Tournier, Mathieu (5x), Istvanovszki, Kalman (5x)

4…Bb4+ — 8.6% (648 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Winawer, Szymon (6x), Riemann, Fritz (4x), Bird, Henry (3x), Paulsen, Wilfried (3x), Pitkanen, Sami-Pekka (3x), Ferron Garcia, Carlos (3x), Szurovszky, Elek (3x), Romanov, Vladimir (3x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	4…Nf6	4…d6	4…g6	4…Bb4+
<1800	408	39%	34%	5%	6%
1800-2200	3239	50%	19%	11%	9%
2200-2600	1567	65%	7%	16%	9%
2600+	36	75%	—	19%	6%

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	4…Nf6	4…d6	4…g6	4…Bb4+
1830s	1	—	—	—	—
1880s	94	29%	11%	26%	23%
1890s	46	54%	9%	15%	13%
1900s	33	58%	9%	15%	3%
1910s	32	59%	—	12%	9%
1920s	13	77%	8%	—	15%
1930s	15	87%	—	—	—
1940s	26	69%	4%	4%	8%
1950s	37	59%	5%	19%	5%
1960s	57	61%	14%	11%	5%
1970s	47	66%	13%	9%	6%
1980s	106	51%	23%	6%	8%
1990s	1205	49%	21%	9%	9%
2000s	3043	49%	20%	10%	9%
2010s	2385	52%	17%	12%	8%
2020s	370	58%	14%	12%	8%

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
4…Nf6	52%	58%	▲ +5.6%
4…d6	17%	14%	▼ -3.3%
4…g6	12%	12%	▼ -0.7%
4…Bb4+	8%	8%	▲ +0.7%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Steinitz, Wilhelm — 8 parties
Lasker, Emanuel — 5 parties
Alekhine, Alexander — 3 parties
Karpov, Aleksandr — 3 parties
Carlsen, Magnus — 3 parties
Anand, Viswanathan — 2 parties
Botvinnik, Mikhail — 1 partie
Kramnik, Vladimir — 1 partie
Gukesh D — 1 partie

Parties historiques

4…Nf6 — 50.7% (3809 parties)

1881 — Schallopp, Emil vs Noa, Joseph — 1-0 — Berlin GER
1881 — Paulsen, Wilfried vs Noa, Joseph — 0-1 — Berlin GER
1881 — Schallopp, Emil vs Minckwitz, Johannes — 0-1 — Berlin GER
1883 — Riemann, Fritz vs Hruby, Vincenz — 0-1 — Nuerenberg GER
1883 — MacConnell, David J vs Steinitz, Wilhelm — 0-1 — New Orleans, LA USA

4…d6 — 18.5% (1393 parties)

1881 — Paulsen, Wilfried vs Berger, Johann — 1-0 — Berlin GER
1881 — Paulsen, Wilfried vs Berger, Jacob — 1-0 — Berlin GER
1882 — Blackburne, Joseph vs Meitner, Philipp — 1-0 — Vienna AUT
1882 — Vansittart vs Bellotti, Laurene — 0-1 — ?
1883 — Riemann, Fritz vs Bier, Matthieu — 1-0 — Nuerenberg GER

4…g6 — 10.8% (811 parties)

1881 — Chigorin, Mikhail vs Alvarez de Otto, Lucas — 1-0 — St Petersburg RUS
1881 — Paulsen, Wilfried vs Schuetz, Hans-Joachim — 1-0 — 09.02 R05 GER Berlin DSB-Kong
1881 — Paulsen allies vs Blackburne allies — 0-1 — Berlin GER
1881 — Paulsen, Wilfried vs Winawer, Szymon — 0-1 — Berlin GER
1881 — Schallopp, Emil vs Schuetz, Hans-Joachim — 1-0 — 09.14 R14 GER Berlin DSB-Kong

4…Bb4+ — 8.6% (648 parties)

1881 — Winawer, Szymon vs Riemann, Fritz — 1-0 — ?
1881 — Winawer, Szymon vs Riemann, Fritz — 1-0 — DSB-02.Kongress
1881 — Paulsen, Wilfried vs Minckwitz, Johannes — 1-0 — Berlin GER
1881 — Minckwitz, Johannes vs Riemann, Fritz — 1/2-1/2 — Berlin GER
1882 — Winawer, Szymon vs MacKenzie, George H — 1/2-1/2 — Vienna AUT

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	—
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	—	—
Passés	—	—
Majorité	—	—

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	—	● b4 (2v0)
Cases faibles	—	—
Centre	● d5 (1v0), ● e4 (1v0)	● e5 (1v0)

Colonnes et diagonales

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Semi-ouvertes	● d	● e

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bc1	● Bc1 Non développé (mob. 1)
Bf1	● Bf1 Non développé (mob. 5)
Bc8		● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 0)
Bf8		● Bf8 Non développé (mob. 5)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Non développées	6 (b1, g1, c1, f1, a1, h1)	5 (g8, c8, f8, a8, h8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Au centre !	● Au centre !
Droits de roque	O-O / O-O-O	O-O / O-O-O

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	semi-ouvert
Ruptures	● c2-c3, ● e4-e5, ● f2-f3	● …d7-d6, ● …d7-d5, ● …f7-f6, ● …f7-f5

Partie
1902 Hannover blind sim – Round 1.18 – Pillsbury, Harry – 0-1 – Mayer, Gabor – G10 1. e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 3. Qxd4 Nc6 4. Qe3 g6 5. Bd2 Bg7 6. Bc3 Nf6 7. Be2 O-O 8. Nd2 d5 9. Ngf3 Re8 10. O-O-O Ng4
1902 Monte Carlo – Round 16 – Reggio, Arturo – 0-1 – Janowski, Dawid – G63 1. e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 3. Qxd4 Nc6 4. Qe3 Be7 5. Nc3 Nf6 6. Qg3 O-O 7. Bh6 Ne8 8. Bf4 d6 9. O-O-O Be6 10. h4 Bf6
1903 It (Men) Monte Carlo MNC – Round 15 – Maroczy, Geza – 1-0 – Moreau, Chloe – G72 1. e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 3. Qxd4 Nc6 4. Qe3 Be7 5. Nc3 d6 6. Bd2 Be6 7. O-O-O Bf6 8. f4 Qc8 9. Nf3 Nh6 10. h3 Bxc3
1905 It (Men) Barmen GER – Round 1 – Kopa, Ignacy – 0-1 – Swiderski, Radoslaw – G38 1. e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 3. Qxd4 Nc6 4. Qe3 g6 5. Bd2 Bg7 6. Nc3 d6 7. f4 Nf6 8. Be2 O-O 9. O-O-O Re8 10. Be1 Nxe4
1906 DSB-15.Kongress – Round 3 – Chigorin, Mikhail – 0-1 – Salwe, Georg – G14 1. e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 3. Qxd4 Nc6 4. Qe3 g6 5. Nc3 Bg7 6. Bc4 Nge7 7. Nge2 O-O 8. O-O Kh8 9. Qg3 d6 10. Bg5 f6
1906 Earl tourn – Round ? – Alekhine, Alexander – 1/2-1/2 – Savrov – G2 1. e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 3. Qxd4 Nc6 4. Qe3 Be7 5. Bd2 Nf6 6. Nc3 d5 7. exd5 Nxd5 8. Qg3 Nxc3 9. Bxc3 Bf6 10. Bd3 Qe7+
1909 St Petersburg – Round 6 – Evtifeev, Peter Artemievich – 0-1 – Romanovsky, Pjotr – G91 1. e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 3. Qxd4 Nc6 4. Qe3 d6 5. Nc3 Nf6 6. Bd2 Be7 7. Nd5 Nxd5 8. exd5 Ne5 9. Nf3 Nxf3+ 10. Qxf3 O-O
1912 DSB-18.Kongress – Round 10 – Mieses, Jacques – 1-0 – Spielmann, Rudolf – G78 1. e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 3. Qxd4 Nc6 4. Qe3 g6 5. Nc3 Bg7 6. Bd2 Nge7 7. O-O-O O-O 8. Bc4 d6 9. h4 Na5 10. Be2 Be6
1913 It (Men) Scheveningen NED – Round 1 – Marchand, Max – 0-1 – Alekhine, Alexander – G4 1. e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 3. Qxd4 Nc6 4. Qe3 Be7 5. Bd2 Nf6 6. Nc3 O-O 7. O-O-O d5 8. exd5 Nxd5 9. Qg3 Bh4 10. Qf3 Be6
1913 St Petersburg m – Round 5 – Levitsky, Stepan – 1-0 – Alekhine, Alexander – G5 1. e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 3. Qxd4 Nc6 4. Qe3 Be7 5. Nc3 Nf6 6. Bd2 O-O 7. Bd3 d5 8. exd5 Nb4 9. Nge2 Re8 10. O-O Bd6
1930 Scarborough – Round 8 – Sultan Khan, Mir – 1-0 – Thomas, George Alan – G44 1. e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 3. Qxd4 Nc6 4. Qe3 b6 5. c3 Bb7 6. Bd3 Bc5 7. Qg3 Qf6 8. Nf3 Bd6 9. Qh3 Qe6 10. Qxe6+ fxe6
1944 Moskou ch-URS – Round 1 – Tolush, Alexander – 1-0 – Botvinnik, Mikhail – G75 1. e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 3. Qxd4 Nc6 4. Qe3 Bb4+ 5. Nc3 Nge7 6. Bd2 O-O 7. O-O-O d6 8. Qg3 Kh8 9. f4 f5 10. e5 dxe5
1946 POL Ch – Round 19 – Ciejka, Tadeusz – 0-1 – Gawlikowski, Stanislaw – G113 1. e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 3. Qxd4 Nc6 4. Qe3 Be7 5. Nc3 Nf6 6. Bd2 d5 7. exd5 Nxd5 8. Qg3 Nxc3 9. Bxc3 Bf6 10. Bb5 O-O
1947 Kassel – Round 4 – Tautvaisas, Povilas – 1-0 – Heinrich Georg – G18 1. e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 3. Qxd4 Nc6 4. Qe3 Be7 5. Nc3 Nf6 6. Bc4 O-O 7. Bd2 Ng4 8. Qe2 Nge5 9. O-O-O Nxc4 10. Qxc4 d6
1947 Warsaw – Round 7 – Plater, Kazimierz – 1-0 – Gadalinski, Jan – G36 1. e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 3. Qxd4 Nc6 4. Qe3 g6 5. Bc4 d6 6. Ne2 Bg7 7. O-O Nge7 8. Nbc3 O-O 9. Qg3 Kh8 10. Qh4 Be6
1953 Bucharest – Round 6 – Troianescu, Octav – 0-1 – Spassky, Boris V. – G61 1. e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 3. Qxd4 Nc6 4. Qe3 Be7 5. Nc3 Nf6 6. Bc4 O-O 7. Nge2 Ng4 8. Qd2 Bc5 9. Nd1 Qe7 10. f3 Qh4+
1955 Novi Sad – Round 10 – Smederevac, Petar – 1/2-1/2 – Matanovic, Aleksandar – G81 1. e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 3. Qxd4 Nc6 4. Qe3 Bb4+ 5. Nc3 Nf6 6. Bd2 O-O 7. O-O-O Re8 8. Bc4 Qe7 9. f3 Na5 10. Bd3 d5
1956 Leningrad ch-URS – Round 1 – Antoshin, Vladimir S – 1/2-1/2 – Zurakhov, Vladlen Y – G100 1. e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 3. Qxd4 Nc6 4. Qe3 g6 5. Bc4 Bg7 6. Ne2 Nf6 7. Nbc3 O-O 8. O-O Na5 9. Bd3 d5 10. exd5 Nxd5
1958 Argentina – Round 5 – Emma, Jaime – 1-0 – Bolbochan, J. – G41 1. e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 3. Qxd4 Nc6 4. Qe3 g6 5. Bd2 Bg7 6. Nc3 Nge7 7. O-O-O O-O 8. Bc4 Na5 9. Be2 Re8 10. h4 d6
1958 UKR Ch – Round 7 – Sakharov, Yuri N – 1-0 – Ousatchi, Mark – G32 1. e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 3. Qxd4 Nc6 4. Qe3 Bb4+ 5. c3 Ba5 6. Qg3 Nf6 7. Bd3 d5 8. exd5 Qxd5 9. Ne2 Nh5 10. Qe3+ Be6
1959 Candidates Tournament women – Round 9 – Albulet, Maria – 0-1 – Ladanyike-Karakas, Eva – G36 1. e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 3. Qxd4 Nc6 4. Qe3 g6 5. Bd2 Bg7 6. Nc3 Bh6 7. f4 d6 8. O-O-O Nf6 9. h3 Bd7 10. g4 Bg7
1961 Katowice ch18-POL – Round 9 – Ruszczycki, Jacek – 0-1 – Brzozka, Stefan – G60 1. e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 3. Qxd4 Nc6 4. Qe3 g6 5. Bd2 Bg7 6. Nc3 Nge7 7. O-O-O O-O 8. Nge2 Re8 9. Qg3 d6 10. h4 h5
1962 CSR Ch sf – Round 2 – Smejkal, Jan – 1-0 – Ratolistka, Josef – G7 1. e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 3. Qxd4 Nc6 4. Qe3 b6 5. Nc3 Bc5 6. Qg3 Nb4 7. Bd3 Nf6 8. e5 Qe7 9. Nge2 Nfd5 10. Qxg7 Qf8
1963 Stevenson Memorial 11th – Round 1 – Parr, David – 1-0 – Hecht, Hans-Joachim – G3 1. e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 3. Qxd4 Nc6 4. Qe3 d6 5. Nc3 g6 6. Bd2 Bg7 7. O-O-O Nf6 8. Nd5 O-O 9. Bc3 Nxd5 10. exd5 Ne5
1965 Buenos Aires – Round 2 – Rollansky, Ruben – 1-0 – Panno, Oscar – G22 1. e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 3. Qxd4 Nc6 4. Qe3 Bb4+ 5. Nc3 Nf6 6. Bd2 O-O 7. O-O-O Re8 8. Bc4 Bxc3 9. Bxc3 Nxe4 10. Qf4 Re7
1968 Belgrade (Women) 4th – Round 3 – Van der Mije Nicolau, Alexandra – 1/2-1/2 – Kushnir, Alla – G9 1. e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 3. Qxd4 Nc6 4. Qe3 Be7 5. Nc3 Nf6 6. Bc4 O-O 7. Nge2 Nb4 8. Bb3 d5 9. exd5 Ng4 10. Qd4 Na6
1972 Skopje ol (Men) fin-A – Round 14 – Hase, Juan Carlos – 1/2-1/2 – Karpov, Anatoly – G300 1. e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 3. Qxd4 Nc6 4. Qe3 d6 5. Nc3 Nf6 6. Bd2 Be7 7. O-O-O O-O 8. Qg3 a6 9. f4 b5 10. e5 Nd7
22. ECU Club Cup 2006 – Round 2 – Thorhallsson, Throstur – 0-1 – Efimenko, Zahar – G28 1. e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 3. Qxd4 Nc6 4. Qe3 g6 5. Nc3 Bg7 6. Bc4 Nf6 7. Qe2 O-O 8. Bg5 h6 9. Bh4 b5 10. Nxb5 g5
GCT Blitz YourNextMove 2017 – Round 5.3 – Nepomniachtchi, Ian – 0-1 – Carlsen, Magnus – G23 1. e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 3. Qxd4 Nc6 4. Qe3 Bb4+ 5. Nc3 Nf6 6. Bd2 O-O 7. O-O-O Re8 8. Qf4 Bxc3 9. Bxc3 Rxe4 10. Qg3 d5
SportAccord Blitz 2014 – Round 7.5 – Nepomniachtchi, Ian – 0-1 – Leko, Peter – G53 1. e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 3. Qxd4 Nc6 4. Qe3 g6 5. Bd2 Bg7 6. Nc3 Nf6 7. O-O-O O-O 8. Qg3 d5 9. Bg5 d4 10. f3 h6
Tal Memorial Blitz 2014 – Round 10.2 – Nepomniachtchi, Ian – 1-0 – Leko, Peter – G56 1. e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 3. Qxd4 Nc6 4. Qe3 g6 5. Bd2 Bg7 6. Nc3 Nf6 7. O-O-O O-O 8. Qg3 Re8 9. f3 d6 10. Nge2 a6

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