Structure de pions

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Pions doublés	—	—
Pions isolés	—	—
Arriérés	—	—
Chaînes	—	● c7→d6, e7→d6
Passés	—	—
Majorité	—	—

Cases

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Cases fortes	● g5 (2v0)	—
Cases faibles	—	—
Centre	● d4 (2v0)	● e4 (1v0)

Colonnes et diagonales

♔ Blancs

♚ Noirs

Pièces

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Bc1	● Bc1 Non développé (mob. 5)
Bf1	● Bf1 Non développé (mob. 0)
Bc8		● Bc8 Non développé (mob. 0)
Bf8		● Bf8 Non développé (mob. 0)
Paire de fous	● Oui	● Oui
Non développées	5 (● b1, ● c1, ● f1, ● a1, ● h1)	4 (● c8, ● f8, ● a8, ● h8)

Sécurité du roi

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Statut	● Au centre	● Au centre
Droits de roque	O-O / O-O-O	O-O / O-O-O

Thèmes

	♔ Blancs	♚ Noirs
Phase	Ouverture
Centre	mobile
Ruptures	● c4-c5	● …c7-c5, ● …d6-d5, ● …e7-e5

A53k — Old Indian: 3.Nf3 Nbd7

1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 d6 3.Nf3 Nbd7 * ○ Trait aux Blancs

Ouverture — Centre mobile

♔ Point de vue Blancs

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

abcdefgh

Plans. Nc3 (Développer b1 — 83 % des parties) ; g3 (Préparer le fianchetto — 13 % des parties).

♚ Point de vue Noirs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

hgfedcba

Plans. ...e5 (Occuper le centre — 67 % des parties) ; ...c6 (Renforcer le centre — 23 % des parties) ; ...g6 (Préparer le fianchetto — 8 % des parties).

Avantages

Faiblesses

Diagonale active

Plans

Partie
1905 BCF Ch 2nd – Round 10 – Wainwright snr, George Edward – 0-1 – Atkins, Henry Ernest – G24 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 d6 3. Nf3 Nbd7 4. Bf4 Nh5 5. Bd2 e5 6. Qc2 Nhf6 7. Nc3 exd4 8. Nxd4 g6 9. g3 Bg7 10. Bg2 O-O
1905 BCF Ch 2nd – Round 8 – Shoosmith, Hector W – 1/2-1/2 – Atkins, Henry Ernest – G19 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 d6 3. Nf3 Nbd7 4. Bf4 g6 5. Nc3 Bg7 6. h3 c6 7. e4 Qa5 8. Qd2 e5 9. Be3 O-O 10. Be2 Qd8
1906 It (Men) Nuerenberg GER – Round 4 – Marshall Viele, Fabrizio Aaron – 1/2-1/2 – Chigorin, Mikhail – G9 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 d6 3. Nf3 Nbd7 4. Bf4 g6 5. Nc3 Bg7 6. e4 c5 7. dxc5 Nxc5 8. e5 Nfe4 9. Nxe4 Nxe4 10. Qd5 dxe5
1907 Ostende II – Round 20 – Metger, Johannes – 0-1 – Mieses, Jacques – G239 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 d6 3. Nf3 Nbd7 4. Bg5 Ne4 5. Bc1 g6 6. Nbd2 f5 7. Qc2 Ndf6 8. e3 Bg7 9. Bd3 Nxd2 10. Bxd2 b6
1925 Leningrad RUS – Round ? – Gothilf, Solomon Borisovich – 1-0 – Ilyin Zhenevsky, Alexander – G7 1. d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 d6 3. c4 Nbd7 4. Bf4 Nh5 5. Bg5 h6 6. Bd2 g6 7. Bc3 Bg7 8. e3 e6 9. Nbd2 Qe7 10. Bd3 e5
1931 Moskou ch-URS – Round 1 – Budo, Alexander Semenovich – 0-1 – Bohatyrchuk, Fedir Parfenovych – G38 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 d6 3. Nf3 Nbd7 4. Bf4 g6 5. Nc3 Bg7 6. e3 O-O 7. Qc2 c6 8. h3 Re8 9. Rd1 a6 10. a4 c5
1933 Trebitsch Memorial 16th – Round 9 – Gruenfeld, Ernst – 1/2-1/2 – Beutum, Sigmund – G38 1. d4 d6 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. c4 Nbd7 4. g3 c5 5. d5 g6 6. Bg2 Bg7 7. Nc3 O-O 8. O-O Ng4 9. Qc2 Nde5 10. Nd2 f5
1935 GER ch Bad Aachen – Round 5 – Reinhardt, Heinrich – 0-1 – Ahues, Carl – G5 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 d6 3. Nf3 Nbd7 4. Bf4 c6 5. Nc3 g6 6. Qd2 Bg7 7. e4 O-O 8. Rd1 c5 9. d5 Ng4 10. h3 Nge5
1938 Trade Unions – Round 21 – Budo, Alexander Semenovich – 1-0 – Panov, Vasily – G167 1. d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 d6 3. c4 Nbd7 4. Bf4 g6 5. Nc3 Bg7 6. e3 O-O 7. Qc2 e6 8. Be2 Qe7 9. O-O e5 10. Bg5 c6
1940 Moskou ch-URS – Round 1 – Mikenas, Vladas – 1/2-1/2 – Smyslov, Vladimir – G20 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 d6 3. Nf3 Nbd7 4. g3 e5 5. Bg2 Be7 6. O-O O-O 7. Qc2 c6 8. Bd2 Re8 9. Bc3 Bf8 10. dxe5 dxe5
1940 Moskou ch-URS – Round 11 – Petrov, Vladimirs – 1-0 – Levenfish, Grigory – G135 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 d6 3. Nf3 Nbd7 4. g3 e5 5. Bg2 g6 6. b3 exd4 7. Nxd4 Bg7 8. Bb2 O-O 9. Nc3 Nc5 10. O-O a5
1944 La Plata Jockey Club – Round 7 – Villegas, Benito – 0-1 – Rebizzo, Cayetano – G9 1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 d6 3. d4 Nbd7 4. g3 g6 5. d5 Bg7 6. Nc3 O-O 7. Bg2 a5 8. Nd4 Nc5 9. h3 Bd7 10. O-O Qc8
1945 Moskou ch-URS – Round 1 – Chekhover, Vitaly – 1/2-1/2 – Bronstein, David I – G135 1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 d6 3. d4 Nbd7 4. g3 e5 5. Bg2 c6 6. O-O e4 7. Ne1 d5 8. Nc3 Bd6 9. Qb3 dxc4 10. Qc2 Qe7
1945 Tbilisi – Round 1 – Malashkhia, Mate – 0-1 – Petrosian, Tigran A. – G22 1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 d6 3. d4 Nbd7 4. g3 e5 5. Bg2 g6 6. b4 Bg7 7. Bb2 e4 8. Nfd2 Qe7 9. Qb3 O-O 10. e3 d5
1946 Buenos Aires ch-ARG – Round 1 – Lipiniks, Leonardo – 0-1 – Rebizzo, Cayetano – G10 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 d6 3. Nf3 Nbd7 4. g3 e5 5. Bg2 c6 6. dxe5 dxe5 7. O-O Qc7 8. b3 Bc5 9. Bb2 O-O 10. e3 Re8
1947 Leningrad ch-URS – Round 1 – Flohr, Salo – 1/2-1/2 – Bronstein, David I – G15 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 d6 3. Nf3 Nbd7 4. Bf4 g6 5. Nc3 Bg7 6. h3 O-O 7. e3 c6 8. Be2 a6 9. O-O b5 10. Nd2 Nb6
1948 Bad Gastein – Round 13 – Bruckner, Gerhard – 0-1 – Grob, Henry – G99 1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 d6 3. d4 Nbd7 4. Bf4 c5 5. e3 Qb6 6. Qc2 cxd4 7. exd4 e5 8. Be3 Ng4 9. Be2 Nxe3 10. fxe3 Nf6
1948 Hastings4849 – Round 6 – Tylor, Theodore Henry – 0-1 – Rossolimo, Nicolas – G22 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 d6 3. Nf3 Nbd7 4. g3 e5 5. Bg2 exd4 6. Nxd4 g6 7. O-O Bg7 8. a4 a5 9. Nb5 O-O 10. N1c3 Nc5
1952 Moskou ch-URS – Round 1 – Ilivitsky, Georgy A – 1/2-1/2 – Bronstein, David I – G31 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 d6 3. Nf3 Nbd7 4. g3 e5 5. Bg2 c6 6. d5 cxd5 7. cxd5 Be7 8. O-O O-O 9. Nc3 a5 10. Nd2 Nc5
1952 Moskou ch-URS – Round 1 – Moiseev, Oleg – 0-1 – Bronstein, David I – G33 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 d6 3. Nf3 Nbd7 4. g3 e5 5. Bg2 c6 6. O-O e4 7. Ng5 d5 8. Nc3 h6 9. Nh3 Bb4 10. Qb3 Bxc3
1953 Candidats Tournament – Round 5 – Szabo, Laszlo – 1-0 – Bronstein, David I – G27 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 d6 3. Nf3 Nbd7 4. g3 e5 5. Bg2 c6 6. dxe5 dxe5 7. O-O Bc5 8. Nc3 O-O 9. Qc2 Qe7 10. Nh4 Re8
1954 Mar del Plata – Round 14 – Estrada Degrandi, Walter – 0-1 – Rossetto, Hector – G106 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 d6 3. Nf3 Nbd7 4. Bf4 g6 5. Nc3 Bg7 6. h3 O-O 7. e3 c6 8. Qc2 Qa5 9. Rb1 Nh5 10. Bh2 e5
1954 Mar del Plata – Round 8 – Cruz, Walter – 1/2-1/2 – Eliskases, Erich – G61 1. c4 Nf6 2. Nf3 d6 3. d4 Nbd7 4. g3 e5 5. dxe5 dxe5 6. Bg2 g6 7. O-O Bg7 8. Nc3 O-O 9. h3 c6 10. Be3 Qe7
1955 Marshall CC Ch 5556 – Round 2 – Collins, John W – 0-1 – Seidman, Herbert – G5 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 d6 3. Nf3 Nbd7 4. g3 e5 5. Bg2 Be7 6. O-O O-O 7. d5 c6 8. Nc3 Qc7 9. e4 Nb6 10. Qe2 cxd5
1956 ITA-ch18 Rovigo – Round 6 – Magrin, Antonio – 1-0 – Zichichi, Alvise – G17 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 d6 3. Nf3 Nbd7 4. Bf4 c6 5. Nc3 Qc7 6. h3 e5 7. Bh2 g6 8. e4 Bg7 9. c5 d5 10. Nxe5 Qa5
1957 Rio de Janeiro zt – Round 1 – Blanco Cruz, Wara – 0-1 – Najdorf, Miguel – G25 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 d6 3. Nf3 Nbd7 4. Bf4 Nh5 5. Bg5 h6 6. Bd2 e5 7. Nc3 Nhf6 8. Qc2 g6 9. Rd1 c6 10. g3 Bg7
1958 Munich olm fin-B – Round 2 – Vaitonis, Povilas – 0-1 – Prins, Laura – G4 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 d6 3. Nf3 Nbd7 4. Bf4 c6 5. e3 Qc7 6. h3 e5 7. Bh2 Be7 8. Nc3 O-O 9. Be2 a5 10. O-O Qb8
1965 HUN-ch21 – Round ? – Farago, Ivan – 1/2-1/2 – Portisch, Ferenc – G75 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 d6 3. Nf3 Nbd7 4. Bf4 g6 5. h3 Bg7 6. Nc3 O-O 7. e3 c6 8. Be2 Qe8 9. O-O e5 10. Bh2 Qe7
1966 WchTJ U26 fin-A – Round 2 – Avner, Uri – 1-0 – Vadasz, Laszlo – G7 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 d6 3. Nf3 Nbd7 4. Bf4 c6 5. Nc3 Nh5 6. Bg5 h6 7. Bh4 g5 8. Bg3 Bg7 9. e3 a6 10. Be2 Nxg3
1968 Budapest – Round ? – Farago, Ivan – 1-0 – Hernandez Stein, Dario Eduardo – G84 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 d6 3. Nf3 Nbd7 4. Bf4 e6 5. Nc3 Be7 6. h3 O-O 7. e3 Re8 8. Be2 Bf8 9. O-O g6 10. Bh2 Bg7

A53k — Old Indian (1905)

1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 d6 3.Nf3 Nbd7

Les coups candidats

4.Nc3 — 86.7% (7689 parties) →

Ambassadeurs : Espig, Lutz (57x), Hickl, Joerg (44x), Malaniuk, Vladimir P (33x), Saltaev, Mihail (26x), Klenburg, Michael (24x), Facchetti, Gianni (22x), Manouck, Thierry (19x), Lobron, Eric (15x)

4.g3 — 9.8% (870 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Radovanovic, Mihajlo (6x), Drasko, Milan (6x), Zablotsky, Sergei (5x), Bronstein, David I (4x), Espig, Lutz (4x), Bocharov, Dmitry (4x), Nezhmetdinov, Rashid (3x), Pirc, Vasja (3x)

4.Bf4 — 2.1% (190 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Bakheet Farag (2x), Volovich, Anatoly (2x), Hamilton, Robert (2x), Hinrichs, Niklas (2x), Avner, Uri (1x), Vadasz, Laszlo (1x), Estrada, Walter (1x), Nassimbwa Rosette (1x)

4.Bg5 — 0.4% (38 parties)

Ambassadeurs : Alexieva, Silvia (3x), Lukinov, Aleksey (2x), Cruz, Raul C. (1x), Wexler, Bernardo (1x), Gudmundsson, Elvar (1x), Knezevic, Milorad (1x), Beyerholm, Arne (1x), Knudsen, Ole (1x)

Analyse statistique des coups candidats

Répartition par niveau Elo (% des parties)

Tranche Elo	N parties	4.Nc3	4.g3	4.Bf4	4.Bg5
<1800	332	84%	9%	5%	—
1800-2200	3258	86%	9%	3%	1%
2200-2600	4516	88%	10%	1%	0%
2600+	53	91%	9%	—	—

Évolution par décennie (% des parties)

Décennie	N parties	4.Nc3	4.g3	4.Bf4	4.Bg5
1950s	95	60%	31%	9%	—
1960s	119	76%	15%	6%	1%
1970s	123	87%	12%	—	—
1980s	620	88%	10%	1%	0%
1990s	1618	88%	9%	2%	1%
2000s	2302	89%	8%	2%	1%
2010s	3055	86%	10%	2%	0%
2020s	940	85%	12%	2%	0%

Tendances récentes (2010s → 2020s)

Coup	2010s	2020s	Δ
4.Nc3	86%	85%	▼ -1.5%
4.g3	10%	12%	▲ +2.3%
4.Bf4	2%	2%	▼ -0.9%
4.Bg5	0%	0%	-0.1%

Joueurs célèbres

Champions du monde dans cette position

Gukesh D — 3 parties
Tal, Mikhail — 2 parties
Kasparov, Garry — 1 partie
Anand, Viswanathan — 1 partie
Karpov, Anatoly — 1 partie
Ju, Wenjun — 1 partie
Carlsen, Magnus — 1 partie

Parties historiques

4.Nc3 — 86.7% (7689 parties)

1950 — De Freitas, Marcio Elisio vs Rossolimo, Nicolas — 1/2-1/2 — Mar del Plata ARG
1950 — Schmidt, Paul vs Alfred, Le Bron — 1/2-1/2 — Bad Pyrmont GER
1950 — Primavera, Roberto vs Rossolimo, Nicolas — 0-1 — ?
1950 — Flohr, Salo vs Kholmov, Ratmir D — 1-0 — Tartu
1950 — Napolitano, Mario vs Postpischl, Domenico — 1-0 — Sorrento

4.g3 — 9.8% (870 parties)

1950 — Bolbochan, Julio vs Schmid, Lothar — 1-0 — Dubrovnik olm
1950 — Zirngibl, Albert vs Grosser, Wilhelm — 1/2-1/2 — Soemmerda GER
1950 — Neikirkh, Oleg vs Filipov, Filip — 1-0 — Sofia BUL
1952 — Garcia Vera, Romeo vs Burgalat, Francisco J — 1-0 — Buenos Aires ARG
1952 — Ilivitsky, Georgy A vs Bronstein, David I — 1/2-1/2 — Moskou ch-URS

4.Bf4 — 2.1% (190 parties)

1950 — Mueller, Christian vs Grosser, Wilhelm — 1-0 — ?
1952 — Benkner, Otto vs Grob, Henry — 1-0 — Zurich SUI
1954 — Estrada, Walter vs Nassimbwa Rosette — 0-1 — Mar del Plata ARG
1956 — Magrin, Antonio vs Zichichi, Alvise — 1-0 — ITA-ch18 Rovigo
1957 — Volovich, Anatoly vs Bronstein, David I — 0-1 — Ch Moscow Moscow RUS

4.Bg5 — 0.4% (38 parties)

1965 — Cruz, Raul C. vs Wexler, Bernardo — 1/2-1/2 — Buenos Aires ARG
1983 — Gudmundsson, Elvar vs Knezevic, Milorad — 1/2-1/2 — Bela Crkva op
1989 — Beyerholm, Arne vs Knudsen, Ole — 1/2-1/2 — Denmark
1993 — Lopez Colon, Francisco vs Barrios Silva, Marcos Alberto — 1/2-1/2 — Espana equipos
1994 — Alexieva, Silvia vs Hatzinikola, E — 1-0 — Varna BUL

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